1.1. Nouns.

Rule

1. Most nouns form their plural by adding -s
A car	Two cars
2. Nouns ending in –s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o take –es in the plural
Bus Dress Brush Box	Buses Dresses Brushes Boxes
3. Nouns ending in a consonant + y, drop the –y and take –ies
A strawberry	Three strawberries
4. Nouns ending in –f or –fe, drop the f or –fe and take –ves in the plural
A wolf	Two wolves
5. But some nouns ending in –f or –fe take only -s
A giraffe	Five giraffes

1. Write the plurals.

lemon bus peach cherry roof fox glass key piano potato ball book

Some nouns are irregular.

Child Man Woman Tooth Foot Goose Mouse Ox

Children Men Women Teeth Feet Geese Mice Oxen

2. Write the plurals.

baby Child Green leaf Old lady Radio policeman sandwich photo pen watch

3. Write the words in plural in the correct box.

Bicycle, bus, cherry, knife, man, glass, child, house, apple, box, baby, tomato, ball, ferry, leaf, tooth, goose, radio, cliff, ferry, lady, armchair, woman, dish, fox, watch.

-s
-es
-ies
-ves
irregular

1. 2. Articles. Indefinite article “a / An”. Definite article “The”.

Rule

We use the indefinite article a /an before singular countable nouns.

A + consonant A student A university A teacher

An + vowel An apple An umbrella An ice-cream

Rule

We use the definite article the with singular or plural nouns.

E.g. the student, the teacher, the books, etc.

A	The	No article
1. When we are talking about something for the first time. A girl is in the room.	1. When we are talking about something specific, for example when the noun is mentioned for the second time. We can answer the question “Who?” or “Which?” The girl is beautiful.	1. With plural nouns when we talk about them in general. Computers are very useful.
2. With singular countable nouns when we are talking about them in general. A dog is a friendly animal.	2. With nouns which are unique. The earth, the sky, the sun, etc.	2. Before proper nouns or possessive adjectives. Ann is from Zurich. Her husband is from Greece.
3. With jobs. He is a student.	3. Before nationalities and names of families. The Chinese, the Italians, the Russians, The Ivanovs, The Browns.	3. Before names of meals breakfast, lunch, dinner and sport tennis, football, etc. Football is very popular sport.
4. When we want to say what something is. It is a table.	4. Before morning, afternoon, evening. I go to the university in the morning.	4. With school, bed, hospital, HOME I go to bed at 11 p.m. It’s time to go home.

1. Fill the gaps with the proper article “a”, “an” or “the”.

1. This is …… egg.

2. Where is …… post office?

3. …… George’s farther is …… police officer.

4. There are a lot of flowers in …… garden.

5. …… Italians like …… spaghetti.

2. Write “the” where necessary.

1. ...... sky 6. …… guitar

2. ...... tennis 7. …… Spain

3. …… sky 8. …… morning

4. …… USA 9. …… earth

5. …… Japanese 10. …… Smiths

3. Write “the” where necessary.

1. …… book in the table is interesting.

2. …… sky is blue.

3. …… cars are expensive.

4. …… Tim is a pilot.

5. …… basketball is a nice game.

4. Correct the mistakes.

1. Jane is an painter.

2. I have got an uniform.

3. Helen isn’t at the home.

4. The pyramids are in the Egypt.

5. The mark is the student.

6. They have got the old car.

7. It is an house.

8. I have got a milk.

9. An Earth is a planet.

10. I’m tired, I’d like to go to the bed.

5. Fill the gaps with the proper article.

Jim is from …… Scotland. H’s got …… two brothers and …… sister. They live with their mother and farther in …… big house in …… countryside. Jim has lots of hobbies. He likes …… football and he plays …… guitar. He has …… red bicycle. Every day he takes his dog for …… walk in …… park. His dog’s name is …… Archie.

Clare lives in …… Liverpool. She is …… secretary. She works in …… office. She goes to work in …… morning. She starts work at 9.00 and she goes …… home at 5.00 in …… evening. She likes her job because her boss is …… her husband.

6. Fill the gaps with the proper article.

…… Mrs Jones has …… new office. It has …… desk, …… telephone and …… expensive computer. …… Mrs Jones is on …… phone now and her secretary is at …… computer. …… Mrs Jones and her secretary are very busy in …… office today.