- •Module 1. Part 2. Environmental problems and ways to solve them
- •44. A) Match the sources of pollution to the pictures below.
- •45. Complete the sentences with a word from the box.
- •46. Listen to the speaker talking about a cloud of pollution and fill in the gaps with no more than three words.
- •47. A) Read the texts quickly to find the answers to these questions.
- •49. Listen to the speaker talking about global warming and fill in the gaps with no more than three words.
- •50. Read the text about global warming. Five sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from the sentences a-e the one which fits each gap 1-5.
- •51. Choose words and phrases from the box that describe
- •52. Exam link. Work in pairs to discuss problems of global warming.
- •Step 1. Active Grammar Point
- •Step 2. Active Vocabulary Point
- •Step 3. Speaking
- •53. Fill in the gaps with the necessary preposition.
- •54. A) Match the words from column a with the words from column b to make up an expression.
- •55. A) Read the text and find out the environmental problem and its solution.
- •56. A) Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in capitals.
- •57. A) Circle the correct word.
- •58. For questions 1-15 read the text and decide which answer a, b, c, or d best fits each gap.
- •60. Read the first two paragraphs to answer these questions.
- •61. Exam link. Work in pairs to discuss the problem of pollution.
- •Step 1. Active Grammar Point
- •Step 2. Active Vocabulary Point
- •Step 3. Speaking
- •62. A) Look at the pictures. Which individual actions mentioned below do the pictures illustrate?
- •63. A) Listen to the speaker and complete the sentences below. Write no more than two words and / or a number for each answer.
- •Individual action
- •64. A) Read the text and write out words and phrases that describe different activities people undertake on the World Environment Day.
- •65. In pairs discuss activities of three environmentalists.
- •In pairs answer the questions.
- •66. Fill in the gaps with the necessary preposition.
- •67. Exam link. Work in pairs to discuss the problem of people’s being environmentally aware.
- •Step 1. Active Grammar Point
- •Step 2. Active Vocabulary Point
- •Step 3. Speaking
- •71. Writing. The essay suggesting solutions to problems.
- •Various ecosystems are being systematically destroyed by man. What measures do you think should be taken to prevent further destruction?
- •72. Writing. The essay suggesting solutions to the environmental problems of the city you live in.
61. Exam link. Work in pairs to discuss the problem of pollution.
You should say:
What kinds of pollution people suffer from
What causes pollution
How pollution affects people’s life
And explain how people can reduce pollution.
Step 1. Active Grammar Point
Think over active Grammar which can be used in the topic.
This topic requires:
Present Simple Active / Passive
Present Perfect
Present Conditional Mood
Modal Verbs could / might
Step 2. Active Vocabulary Point
Compile a list of words which can be used in the topic.
Question 1. What kinds of pollution? air, water and soil pollution |
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Question 3. What effect? health problems; resistance to infections; aggravate bronchitis, trigger asthma attacks; cause cancer; poisoned water and food; dirty water – no swimming and angling; a foul smell; contain parasites; food contamination |
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Pollution |
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Question 2. Causes? factories and plants; release a wide range of pollutants; industrial and domestic wastes; rubbish buried or dumped in landfill sites; pesticides and fertilizers |
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Question 4. Possible solutions? impose heavy fines; use of the up-to-date purificatory equipment and filters; improvement of the waste disposal; develop organic farming
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Step 3. Speaking
I really could kick off with the point that the contamination of the environment has increased dramatically over the last twenty years affecting adversely the quality of people’s life. In fact, nowadays people suffer from air, water and soil pollution. The first thing I should mention is that of all kinds of pollution the most harmful is air pollution. It is caused by factories and plants that release a wide range of pollutants in the air we breathe. It leads to serious health problems by reducing people’s resistance to infections, aggravating bronchitis, triggering asthma attacks and causing cancer. Besides air pollution, another major cause for concern is water pollution which comes from both industrial and domestic wastes. Actually, it results in the poisoned water we drink. The water in rivers and lakes has become so dirty that you can hardly enjoy swimming and angling. Sometimes they give off a foul smell and might contain parasites. Also, I suppose I should say that equally worrying is soil pollution. In fact, it is caused by industrial and domestic waste which is buried or dumped in landfill sites. This is alarming because it contaminates the soil with toxic products. Besides the rubbish which is not disposed of properly, the soil pollution results from pesticides and fertilizers overused by farmers. It leads to the contamination of the food we eat.
In my view, there are a few ways to tackle the problem. Taking into account the first problem, the only way to solve it would be to impose heavy fines on plants and factories violating environmental protection laws. Such fines might encourage companies to invest in pollution control equipment or to develop less polluting methods of operation. As for the second problem, the most successful way to confront it could be the use of the up-to-date purificatory equipment and filters before discharging toxic wastes into the water. When dealing with soil pollution, the most effective way to work it out is to improve the way we dispose of waste and to develop organic farming.