- •Учебно-методическое пособие
- •Учебно-методическое пособие
- •15.03. 2011 Г., протокол № 2
- •Предисловие
- •Лексические таблицы
- •Грамматика
- •Blue light of diplomacy contents
- •1.1 Treaties and conventions.
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Test. Treaties and Conventions
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •Write a preamble/ final provisions/entire convention (min.150 words) using the vocabulary from the previous tasks. Points: 25
- •1.1 Treaties and conventions.
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate using expressions from previous pages
- •Quiz. Treaties
- •1.2 Agreements
- •Vocabulary
- •From the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate using expressions from the previous page
- •Test. Agreements
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Write a general text of the Convention above (min.150 words) using the vocabulary from the previous tasks. Points: 25
- •Declarations
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate
- •Test. Declarations
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •1.4 Protocols
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate
- •Test. Protocols
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •Statute of the international court of justice
- •Charter of the united nations
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate
- •Test. Charter of the United Nations
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Write a Charter of your own organization (min.150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Charter
- •Statute of the international court of justice
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate
- •Test. Statute of the International Court of Justice
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Write a Statute of a university/school/kindergarten (min.150 words). Points: 25 Quiz. Statute
- •Accession, Acceptance and Approval
- •Reservations
- •Denunciation.
- •3.1 Ratification
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Translate
- •Test. Ratification
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •Quiz. Ratification
- •Accession, Acceptance and Approval
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate
- •Test. Accession, Acceptance and Approval
- •1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Write an instrument of accession as a Minister of Foreign Affairs acceding the Treaty on Students Rights Protection (min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Accession, Acceptance and Approval
- •Reservations
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate
- •Test. Reservations
- •1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Formulate at least three reservations to the Treaty on….(min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Reservations
- •3.4 Denunciation
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate
- •Test. Denunciation
- •1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Compose a notice of denunciation of a treaty. Observe all formalities ( min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Denunciation
- •Resolutions;
- •Rules of procedure
- •Resolutions
- •Rules of procedure
- •4.1 Resolutions
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate using expressions from the previous page
- •4.2 Rules of procedure
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate using expressions from the previous page
- •Test. Resolutions and Records of the un
- •1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Compose a resolution/recommendation/decision of an international congress/conference
- •Quiz. Resolutions. Rules of Procedure
- •5.1. Final instruments of Intergovernmental Negotiations and Visits,
- •International Conferences
- •5.1. Final instruments of Intergovernmental Negotiations
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate using expressions from previous pages
- •Test. Final instruments of intergovernmental negotiations and visits (communiqués, joint statements, declarations, memoranda of understanding) and of International conferences
- •1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Compose a communiqué/declaration/final act related to the latest global events (min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Final Instruments
- •6.1.2 Iformal letters
- •6.1.3 Notes verbales
- •6.1.4 Interoffice memoranda
- •6.2. Diplomatic Communications between States.
- •6.3. Other diplomatic acts:
- •6.3.1 Agrement
- •6.3.2 Consular comission and exequatur
- •6.3.3 Letters of credence and letters of recall
- •6.3.4 Full powers
- •6.1.1 Formal letters
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate into English
- •Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Un Communications. Formal letters.
- •1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •Compose a formal letter, e.G. Invitation to Minister for Foreign Affairs to attend a convention (min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Formal letters
- •Informal letters.
- •Notes verbales
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate into English
- •Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Un Communications. Informal letters.
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •Interference Excellency establishment relations to consolidate sovereignty integrity communiqué mutual honor
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Compose an informal letter, e.G. Informing/thanking a foreign representative about/for forthcoming/attending a conference (min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Informal letters
- •Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Un Communications. Notes Verbales.
- •1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Compose a note verbale, e.G. Informing a permanent representative about transmitting him a copy of some important document (min. 150 words). Points: 25
- •6.1.4 Interoffice memoranda
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate using expressions from previous pages
- •Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Un Communications. Interoffice Memoranda
- •1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Compose an interoffice memorandum on behalf of the Director of you own company to the staff (min. 150 words). Points: 25 Quiz. Interoffice memoranda
- •6. Diplomatic communication between states
- •6. 1 Diplomatic Protest
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate
- •Quiz. Diplomatic communications
- •6.2 Diplomatic protest
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate
- •Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Diplomatic communications between states
- •1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •Compose a personal or verbal note, e.G. Appointment of a new Attaché or Minister
- •Quiz. Diplomatic protest
- •6.3. Other diplomatic acts
- •6.3.1 Agrément
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Agreement
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •Compose an agrement, e.G. Approval of a new Ambassador or Minister. Points: 25 quiz. Agrement
- •6.3.2. Consular commission and exequatur
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate into English
- •Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Consular commission and exequatur
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Compose a consular exequatur, e.G. Approval of a new Ambassador or Minister. Points: 25 quiz. Consular comission and exequatur
- •6.3.3. Letters of credence and letters of recall
- •Vocabulary
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Compose a letter of credence/recall. Address it to the King/Queen (min 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Letters of credence and letters of recall
- •6.3.4. Full powers
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Compose a full power delegating a Minister of your state to conclude a treaty on diplomatic/economic relations (min 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Full powers
- •Global economic cooperation
- •Foreign trade
- •7.1. Global economic cooperation
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate into English
- •Quiz. Global economic cooperation
- •Test. World Economy and Trade. Global Economic Cooperation
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words and word expressions into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •Compose an agreement on trade/memorandum of understanding between Mozambique and Russia (min 150 words). Points: 25
- •7.2. Foreign trade
- •Vocabulary
- •Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
- •Grammar and syntax
- •Translate into English
- •Quiz. Foreign trade
- •Test. World Economy and Trade. Foreign trade
- •Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
- •2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
- •3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
- •4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
- •I. Subject of the Contract
- •II. Price and Total ___________ of the Contract
- •III. Terms of Payment
- •5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
- •6. Compose a contract between a Russian and foreign company (e.G. Purchase of steel/oil/stocks) (min 150 words). Points: 25
Два упражнения на определения уровня остаточного знания:
fill-in-the blanks
перевод предложений на английский
8. Творческое задание: сочинение
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ УЧЕБНИКА
Лексические таблицы
Поскольку студентам придется самим искать или вычислять перевод всех слов и выражений, то в результате достигается двоякая цель расширения и удержания лексического материала. Во-первых, студент выучивает не только значение определенного выражения или слова, но и значение синонимичного выражения или слова, также данного в таблице на английском языке. При этом студенту представляется возможность меньше работать со словарем, поскольку подобные таблицы позволяют аналитически вычислить значения некоторых слов. Соответственно, сокращается время подготовки. Во-вторых, при запоминании значений слов и выражений, студенты формируют не парные ассоциации значений
а нглийское слово русское слово
а взаимосвязанные тройные:
а нглийское слово русское слово
английский синоним
что способствует гораздо лучшему запоминанию языковых единиц.
Грамматика
Основными грамматическими темами данного пособия являются следующие:
Periphrastic constructions
Complex Subject
Modality expressions
Выражения, предопределяющие время и вид глагола
Subjunctive
Complex subject
Однако предполагается, что студент, занимающийся по данному пособию, уже знает все основные грамматические конструкции английского, поэтому основной упор делается на лексических и синтаксических конструкциях официального языка международных отношений.
По отношению к учебному плану, авторы рассчитали, что пособие за максимально короткий срок даст студенту необходимый лексический минимум специальности (примерно 600 лексических единиц) и подготовит его к чтению и правильному пониманию всех основных документов международного характера, изучение которых начнется со 2-3 курса бакалавриата.
РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО ОБУЧЕНИЮ
Фразы-примеры, иллюстрирующие значение лексико-грамматических конструкций, мы советуем заучивать наизусть
Студент должен уметь делать переводы фраз с активной лексикой на английский язык не только письменно, но и устно
В дипломатическом английском, как и в любом другом профессиональном языке, многие общие слова и выражения приобретают особый узкоспециализированный характер. Мы советуем преподавателя отрабатывать оба значения.
В пособие не включены фонетические упражнения, однако студенту необходимо знать правильное произношение всех элементов лексического минимума. Это нужно учитывать при отработке материала.
Blue light of diplomacy contents
Unit 1 Treaties and Other International Compacts |
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1.1 Treaties and conventions |
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1.2 Agreements |
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1.3 Declarations |
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1.4 Protocols |
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Unit 2 Constituent Acts of the United Nations and Other International Organizations |
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2.1 Charter of the United Nations |
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2.2 Statute of the International Court of Justice |
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Unit 3 Unilateral Legal Acts |
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3.1 Ratification |
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3.2 Accession, Acceptance and Approval |
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3.3 Reservations |
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3.4 Denunciation |
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Unit 4 Resolutions and records of the UN General Assembly |
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4.2 Rules of procedure |
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Unit 5 Final instruments |
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FINAL INSTRUMENTS of Intergovernmental Negotiations and Visits, International Conferences |
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Unit 6 Diplomatic Correspondence |
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6.1.United Nations Communications: |
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6.1.1 FORMAL LETTERS |
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6.1.2 IFORMAL LETTERS |
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6.1.3 NOTES VERBALES |
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6.1.4 INTEROFFICE MEMORANDA |
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6.2. Diplomatic Communications between States |
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6.3. Other diplomatic acts |
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6.3.1 AGRÈMENT |
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6.3.2 CONSULAR COMISSION AND EXEQUATUR; |
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6.3.3 LETTERS OF CREDENCE AND LETTERS OF RECALL; |
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6.3.4 FULL POWERS |
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Unit 7 World Economy and Trade |
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Global Economic Cooperation |
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Foreign Trade |
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UNIT 1
TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTS:
Treaties and conventions;
Agreements;
Declarations;
Protocols.
1.1 In international law and diplomatic practice the term "treaty" is, used in two senses. In a generic sense, it refers to all agreements between states which are of a binding character. Instruments setting out agreements between states bear different titles, such as Treaty, Agreement, Convention, Protocol, Act, Declaration, Statute, Regulations, Provisions, Pact, Covenant (Compromis, Accord, Arrangements. Modus Vivendi, Exchange of Notes and Concordat). Some of the agreements are highly formal in character whilst others are not. The titles given to international agreements have little significance from the legal point of view as all international agreements, by whatever name called, are equally binding in nature. In diplomatic literature, the terms "treaty”, “convention", and "protocol" are all applied more or less indiscriminately to international agreements. Sometimes the same instrument is designated in different places in its text by different terms. There is no obvious explanation for this diversity of terminology.
International law prescribes neither the form nor the procedure for the making of international engagements, and consequently their form depends upon the will and convenience of the parties. In practice it is governed also by usage and varies depending on whether agreement is reached between states, heads of state, governments (increasingly used), or particular ministers or departments.
It is not every international instrument, however formal it may be, that would be regarded as a treaty. Unless the instrument creates contractual obligations between two or more states, the essential requirements of a treaty are not fulfilled. The binding nature of treaty obligations is the oldest and doubtless the most fundamental rule of international law.
The next most solemn type of international engagement is the "convention", derived from the Latin word conventio meaning "agreement". This term is frequently, though not necessarily, employed in connection with agreements to which a large number of countries are parties, and especially to agreements of the law-making type. The treaty document covers the following parts:
1. The preamble containing:
(a) a list of the heads of state in whose names the treaty is concluded;
(b) a list of plenipotentiaries;
(c) usually a statement of the purposes and objectives of the treaty, sometimes accompanied by a recital of principles and circumstances;
(d) a declaration that the plenipotentiaries have the necessary powers.
2. The text generally containing, in the form of numbered articles, the respective agreements of the signatories. It also indicates:
(a) the requirements for bringing the treaty into force;
(b) its duration;
(c) the place where the exchange of ratifications will take place.
3. The final clauses, specifying that the plenipotentiaries have signed the treaty and have affixed their seals thereto, and including information on:
(a) the number of signed copies;
(b) if in more than one language, the languages used, and that each is equally authentic;
(c) the place and date of signature.
According to the importance of a treaty, the preamble can be more or less enlarged. The statements in the final clauses are, on the contrary, usually identical.
The provisions of a treaty determine the manner in which and the date on which the treaty enters into force. Where the treaty does not specify a date, there is a presumption that the treaty is intended to come into force as soon as all the negotiating states have consented to be bound by the treaty.
1.2 The term “agreement” means an agreement intended to have an obligatory character but usually of a less formal nature than a treaty. Agreements may be concluded between Heads of States, between States or between Governments.
Agreements are frequently concluded by exchange of notes, sometimes referred to as “letters”.
A temporary or working agreement made in order to bridge over some difficulty pending a permanent settlement is usually referred to as Modus Vivendi. It is informal and does not require ratification.
International agreements are divided into three parts:
-preamble which states the overall purpose of the act;
-text which embodies substantive commitments undertaken by the parties;
-final forms.
1.3 The term “declaration” usually denotes a treaty that declares existing law with or without modification, or creates new law.
Declarations are often appended to a treaty or convention to form a subsidiary compact.
The meetings of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, heads of governments or heads of states for a few days to discuss policies and problems of common interest to their countries lead to signing a less formal document called “Communiqué”. Very often the participants confine themselves to drawing up of a common statement which is handed out during a press conference.
1.4The term “protocol” designates different kinds of official documents recording, in an authoritative and solemn manner, the results of a negotiation. It is also employed to signify the forms to be observed in the official correspondence of the minister for foreign affairs, and in the drafting of diplomatic documents, such as treaties, conventions, declarations, full powers, ratifications, letters of credence.
In the field of international agreements, the term “protocol” is most often used to designate particular agreements, less formal than a treaty or convention which supplement a basic agreement. Protocols are also frequently used to amend international agreements or to prolong their existence.
If, after the conclusion of negotiations and before the treaty is signed, the high contracting parties desire to add new stipulations, the form of “additional protocol” is used. It is then signed on the same day and in the same form as the principal test.
1.1 Treaties and conventions.
Part 1
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Treaty |
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Without restriction |
Sense (this word can be used in two senses) |
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To sign, to create, to make formal |
To set out |
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To use a specific word for smth, to name smth |
Generic/Restricted (sense) |
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To have a name |
Binding (a binding nature of an agreement, To be bound by a treaty) |
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While, whereas |
To refer to (his speech refers to world peace) |
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Meaning |
Instrument |
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An agreement between states |
To bear a title |
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Having a power to oblige, to make obey |
To conclude (an agreement) |
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To describe, to formulate |
Whilst [wailst] |
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Document |
To apply a term to smth |
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To correspond to |
Indiscriminately |
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Broad/specific |
To prescribe smth |
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To make smth official |
Consequently |
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Authority |
Party (to be a party to an agreement) |
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A person invested with full authority to transact business |
To derive a term/word from |
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Clauses in a legal document |
To cover (this document covers the following parts) |
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To stamp |
(To do smth) in the name of |
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A signer of a document |
A plenipotentiary |
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Therefore |
Powers (to have the necessary powers to do smth) |
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Side, group |
Signatory |
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To lay down a rule, to dictate |
To bring smth into force |
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To have, to consist of |
To affix a seal to smth |
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To trace from a source of origin |
Provisions (of a treaty) |
|
Empowered by |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Термин «научная» не может быть применен к этой книге.
Международные документы можно разделить на два типа.
В его письме он ссылается на опыты профессора Смита.
Он вводит договор в силу тем, что ставит на него печать.
Эта статья носит довольно длинное имя.
Это соглашение было заключено три года назад.
Я сформулировал свое мнение в этой статье.
Я не согласен с этой статьей договора.
Ты отдыхаешь, в то время как она работает.
Полномочные представители ведут переговоры от имени государств.
У него недостаточно полномочий на это.
Он ест все, что угодно.
Доктор прописал мне два вида лекарств.
В общем смысле слово «дом» описывает здание.
Это государство не хочет принимать на себя обязательства по договору.
Test. Treaties and Conventions
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What are the most typical forms of an international agreement?
Which parts compose a treaty document?
Where is a treaty placed after being concluded?
If you were a Secretary General of the UN, how would you schedule your daily agenda?
What languages and how many languages would you need to speak if you want to work in an important international organization?
Provide the definitions: Points: 10
Persons who sign a treaty;
States that participate in negotiations;
Terms that defines the validity of a text;
Treaties that are concluded between many states;
The process of joining a treaty.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Treaties can be signed between two or more states. T F
Treaty must not necessarily contain a preamble. T F
After a treaty is concluded, it is placed into a special bank’s vault. T F
Usually international compacts are signed in German and English
languages. T F
The authenticity of the text is established by means of the signatures
of plenipotentiaries. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
prolong deposit affect Treaty of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance accession conclude enter into force submit authentic plenipotentiaries
The High Contracting Parties have signed the _______________________________.
The present Treaty shall ____________ on the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification.
All reports should be ________________ to the Secretary General.
The present Covenant shall be opened for __________________ by any State.
The Convention, of which the English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally ___________, shall be _________ with the Secretary General of the UN.
The treaty is __________ for the period of 10 years and shall be automatically ___________ every time for another 5-year period.
The authenticity of the text is established by means of the signatures of __________________.
Nothing in the present Convention shall _______ rights or freedoms.
Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Настоящая Конвенция подлежит регистрации Генеральным Секретарем ООН.
Настоящая Конвенция вступает в силу в день ее ратификации.
Нижеподписавшиеся полномочные представители подписали настоящую Конвенцию.
Китайский, английский и французский тексты настоящей Конвенции являются равно аутентичными.
В соответствии с договором о разоружении, государства-участники обязуются уничтожить ядерное оружие.
Во исполнение своих обязанностей Экономический Совет может вступать в соглашения со специализированными учреждениями.
Государства-участники, принимая во внимание сложные экономические условия, продлили срок действия договора.
В соответствии с рекомендациями ООН, государства-участники подписали договор о нейтралитете.
В отношении установления границ стороны не пришли к договоренности.
Во исполнение резолюции секретариат содействовал подготовке докладов по проблемным вопросам.
Write a preamble/ final provisions/entire convention (min.150 words) using the vocabulary from the previous tasks. Points: 25
1.1 Treaties and conventions.
Part 2
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Provision (of information) |
|
Smb (a government) entrusted with safekeeping of smth |
To come/enter into force |
|
To give smth to smb to keep |
To intend to do smth (this book is intended to be published next month) |
|
Having to do with |
There is a presumption/assumption that … |
|
To formally agree to do smth |
To consent to do smth |
|
To become official |
To provide formal evidence of consent to do smth (to be bound by ratification) |
|
It is assumed that |
To place smth in smb’s custody |
|
To plan |
Depositary |
|
Giving, supplying |
Relating to (he gave several speeches relating to this matter) |
|
To agree |
as to, as regards, regarding (he provided us with information as to the time at which the treaty enters into force) |
|
Considerable, long enough |
Multilateral |
|
To add, to attach |
viz. (Lat. videlicet) |
|
It (this document) must not be changed |
Under the auspices of |
|
Genuine, real, formally and factually correct |
Authentic, adj. (noun: authenticity) |
|
That is to say, namely |
To be sufficient to do smth |
|
Having more than two sides, parties |
Appreciable (when an appreciable interval occurs) |
|
Under the protection/support of |
To append smth (initials) |
|
Concerning |
Ne varietur (Lat.) |
|
To be enough to do smth |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Пациент согласился, чтобы его осмотрели.
Я отдал этот документ ему на хранение.
Договор был подписан под эгидой ООН.
После операции он почувствовал значительное улучшение.
Писатель приложил к книге короткий эпилог.
Двух человек будет недостаточно, чтобы перенести этот шкаф.
Этот закон войдет в силу завтра.
Что касается многосторонних соглашений, то сегодня мы о них не говорим.
Эта подпись подлинна.
Считается, что если человек опоздал на полчаса, то он уже не придет.
Я никогда не намеревался делать это!
Grammar and syntax
1. Слово however часто ставится не в начале предложения:
It is, however, not obligatory to give a title to an international agreement.
Sometimes, however, a state refuses to sign a treaty.
2. As в начале фразы или придаточного предложения эквивалентно since или because:
It is, however, not obligatory to give a title to an international agreement, as agreements can be concluded even by exchange of letters or notes.
The titles have little significance, as all international agreements are equally binding in nature.
3. Глагол to occur во временнóм значении продолжительности действия значит «проходить»:
Sometimes an appreciable interval occurs between the conclusion of the negotiations and the signature of the treaty
4. Term может значить «слово (термин)» и «условие»:
The terms “treaty” and “convention” are applied to many international agreements.
The terms of the treaty are not very clear.
Sometimes the same instrument is designated in different places by different terms.
5. После слов procedure и requirement, для выражения «для того, чтобы», употребляется for + герундий:
International law does not have an exact procedure for the making of international engagements.
The text has to include the requirements for bringing the treaty into force
6. Выражение however + прилагательное + it + глагол to be в различных формах значит «каким/ой/ими ………… она/она/оно/они бы ни был/была/были», то есть имеет уступительное значение:
Not every international instrument, however formal it may be, can be regarded as a treaty.
However mad he was, he didn’t say a word.
7. Уступительное значение имеет также выражение though (not) + прилагательное:
The term is frequently, though not necessarily, employed with a connection to global crisis.
8. Выражение purposes and objectives переводится как «цели и задачи»:
A treaty needs to have a statement of purposes and objectives
9. Выражение there is no obvious explanation for переводится как «сложно объяснить», «не поддается объяснению»:
Sometimes the same instrument is designated in different places by different terms. There is no obvious explanation for this diversity of terminology.
10. Слово recital имеет значения «сольный концерт», «декламация» и «перечень». Выражение recital of principles and circumstances значит «перечень положений и условий»:
I saw her at a poetry recital.
The recital of his scientific degrees took five minutes.
11. Одно из значений глагола to cover – «включать в себя»:
The treaty document covers the following parts:
the preamble
…..
12. Термины thereto, hereto переводятся как to it:
He signed the treaty and affixed a seal thereto.
13. Слово specify в дипломатической практике обычно переводится как «оговорить».
The final clauses of the document have to specify that the plenipotentiaries have signed it.
14. Слово provision имеет два значения: «предоставление» и «положения, условия» (договора):
The UN is responsible for the provision of information as to the time at which the treaty enters into force.
The provisions of a treaty determine the manner in which and the date on which the treaty enters into force.
15. Для выражения «те, которые», используется слово those (часто those + past participle):
International agreements are usually concluded in English. Those concluded under the auspices of the UN normally have texts in its official languages.
Most people came on time. Those that were late were few.
Translate using expressions from previous pages
Какова процедура подачи заявления на работу?
Предоставление услуг этой компанией осуществляется на платной основе.
Его доклад был полон научными терминами.
Эта книга включает в себя тридцать статей.
Он согласился на ее предложение, но оговорил, что не сможет работать летом.
Сложно объяснить, почему он поступил именно так.
Ешь эти яблоки. Я их купил сегодня. А купленные на прошлой неделе пришлось выбросить.
Как бы высок ни был Джеймс, Стен выше.
Часто, хоть и не каждый раз, этот фильм показывается на международных фестивалях.
Каковы ваши условия?
Она ударила его. Он, однако, не сказал ни слова.
Поскольку Джон не придет, давайте начнем.
Quiz. Treaties
Fill in. Change if necessary.
This word can be used in two ________________ .
In this document he ______________ his conditions.
Three states agreed to _______________ by this treaty.
Another word for “document” is __________________
In his book he often __________ to Einstein’s theory.
The two countries ________________ an agreement in August.
He eats ________________ , he loves food from all countries.
The doctor ____________ me three medicines.
The word “dish” can _________________ from the Latin “discus”.
To make the document official the plenipotentiary __________________ it.
To set out
To prescribe
To derive
To bind
To refer to
Indiscriminately
To affix a seal to
Instrument
To conclude
Sense
1.2 Agreements
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
To draw a distinction between |
|
To explain, describe |
To have an obligatory character |
|
Agreement, arrangement, adjustment |
Assumption (of legal rights, duties) To assume legal rights |
|
To be obligatory |
Innocuous |
|
Basically, essentially |
Substantially (a term substantially equivalent to agreement is “arrangement”) |
|
To assume certain duties, to agree to be bound by certain obligations |
To set forth (to set out, to draw up, to draft) |
|
To alter, modify |
To bridge over a difficulty |
|
To separate |
Settlement |
|
Real, essential |
Compositional design |
|
Form, plan |
To undertake a commitment |
|
Harmless |
Substantive (substantive commitments) |
|
To overcome a difficulty |
Specification (In his letter he specified that he wouldn’t be able to come the next day) |
|
A detailed description of requirements, specific mention |
To amend (a treaty, an agreement) |
|
Taking over, to agree to be responsible for |
Undertaking |
|
Responsibility, task |
To take precautions |
|
To take safety measures |
PLEASE TRANSLATE USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
From the left column of the table
Она начнет исполнять его обязанности завтра.
Он объявил свои условия в этом письме.
Это большое начинание.
Это была невинная ложь!
План и композиция этой книге не совпадают с теми, которые он заявил сначала.
Подробности договора можно найти онлайн.
Слом стены сделал комнату значительно больше.
Эти правила имеют обязательный характер.
Я не согласен с этой поправкой.
В своей книге он провел четкое различие между понятиями «планета» и «астероид».
Я надеюсь, что переговоры помогут нам преодолеть эту сложность.
Он не хочет принимать никаких мер предосторожности.
Они, наконец, достигли соглашения.
Grammar and syntax
1. Выражения relationship agreement, specialized agencies, memorandum of understanding, modus vivendi следует переводить как «соглашение о сотрудничестве», «специализированные учреждения», «меморандум о взаимопонимании, протокол о намерениях», «временное соглашение», соответственно.
2. Выражение somewhat + comparative adj. переводится как «отчасти», «до некоторой степени», «слегка»:
This term is somewhat more definite than the other.
This house is somewhat larger than that one.
3. Глаголы to say, to believe, to assume, to rumor и т.д. часто используются в страдательном залоге, где подлежащим является предметом обсуждения:
This opinion is not believed to be correct.
James is said to be a good doctor.
This house is rumored to have ghosts.
4. Глагол to constitute часто переводится «представлять собой», «быть тем, из чего что-то состоит»:
This agreement constitutes a part of a much larger treaty.
This memorandum of understanding constitutes an agreement.
5. Выражение to be referred to as следует переводить как «называться»:
Noted are sometimes referred to as “letters”.
A temporary settlement is sometimes referred to as “modus vivendi”.
6. Выражение to enter into применительно к юридической и международной практике значит «заключить» (напр., «заключить соглашение») или «сделать официальным, зафиксировать». Обычно употребляется в пассивном залоге:
Commercial agreements of a temporary nature have often been entered into in the form of a modus vivendi.
This rule was entered into by the Attorney-General's Department.
7. Глагол to comprise является переходным в активном залоге. В пассивном залоге он принимает форму to be comprised of:
The second part of the agreement comprises most of the text.
The document is comprised of four articles.
8. Выражение to be called to + inf. следует переводить как «быть призванным что-либо сделать»:
These are the precautions that the governments are called to take.
Translate using expressions from the previous page
Бросить курить призывают каждого.
Класс состоит из пятнадцати студентов.
Этот документ был зарегистрирован вчера.
Этого боксера иногда называют «убийца».
Эта книга представляет собой главный закон этой страны.
Говорят, она работает в МИДе.
Его ответ был немного лучше ee ответа.
Test. Agreements
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
Which words and expressions usually begin the preamble?
What can be subject to ratification?
Who can be designated as a depositary of the Convention?
Name any important Treaty or other international compact that you have heard of recently.
What do you think can affect the implementation of a treaty/convention?
Provide the definitions: Points: 10
Notice of the termination or the renouncement of an international compact;
States that sign a convention;
To found, to institute relations;
To place for safekeeping;
Formal acceptance of a treaty.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Treaties can be done only in one (in a single) copy. T F
Treaty must be signed by plenipotentiaries. T F
Treaty must come into force on a specially designated date appointed by the Parties. T F
Each State Party may denounce the Convention without a written notification. T F
When a Convention remains open for signature, any state can join in. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Open for signature deposit plenipotentiaries enter into force equally authentic ratification open for accession accede ratify do
The present Convention shall _____________ by all States Members. The present Convention is subject to ___________. The instruments of ratification shall __________________ with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The present Convention shall remain ________________ by any State. The present Convention shall ______________ on the thirties day following the date of deposit. Each State can __________ or ___________ to the Convention. The original texts of the present Convention, of which English, French and Russian are ___________, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. In witness whereof the undersigned ___________________ have signed the present Convention. ___________ at Moscow, this first day of April two thousand and nine.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Государства, являющиеся сторонами настоящей Конвенции,
Отмечая, что консульские отношения устанавливались между народами с древних времен,
Принимая во внимание цели и принципы Устава Объединенных Наций в отношении суверенного равенства государств,
Учитывая, что Конференция ООН по дипломатическим сношениям и иммунитета приняла Венскую Конвенцию, которая была открыта для подписания 18 апреля 1961 года,
Будучи убеждены, что заключение международной Конвенции также будет способствовать развитию дружественных отношений между государствами,,
Сознавая, что привилегии и иммунитеты предоставляются не для выгод отдельных лиц,
А для обеспечения эффективного осуществления консульскими учреждениями функций от имени государств,
Согласились о нижеследующем…
Настоящая Конвенция подлежит регистрации Генеральным секретарем ООН в день вступления ее в силу.
В удостоверение чего нижеподписавшиеся полномочные представители подписали настоящую Конвенцию.
6. Write a general text of the Convention above (min.150 words) using the vocabulary from the previous tasks. Points: 25
Declarations
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
To denote (the word “pear” denotes a type of fruit) |
|
As, under the name |
To regard smth as (Why does she regard me as an idiot? This statement cannot be regarded as creating a contractual obligation) |
|
To make official, to record |
Contractual obligations |
|
To lead to |
Subsidiary compact |
|
To consider smth as |
To place on record (I’d like to place on record that I do not agree with this) |
|
To mean |
To give rise to (His behavior gave rise to suspicions) |
|
Legally binding obligations |
(To know smth) under the term |
|
Additional, non-substantive agreement |
For lack of time |
|
Excellent, very good |
Furthermore |
|
To give (to everybody) |
Common statement |
|
To set out, to describe, to appear |
To hand out (The teacher handed out the homework to students) |
|
To allow, require |
Outstanding (performance, importance, actor, etc) |
|
Also, besides, moreover |
To embody (The agreement was embodied in the form of treaty) |
|
Joint statement |
To provide for (These treaties do not provide for ratification) |
|
Because there is not enough time |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Они хотели пообедать но, из-за недостатка времени, успели только выпить чаю.
Через два года после подписания договора они подписали дополнительное соглашение.
Я настоял на том, чтобы это занесли в протокол.
Он раздал тридцать приглашений на концерт.
Он не сможет присутствовать, потому что болен. К тому же, он больше здесь не работает.
Это выражение обозначает высшую степень страха.
Все считают эту книгу лучшей книгой года.
Он не исполнил ни одного контрактного обязательства.
Этот фильм породил новую стилистику.
Этот документ известен под именем «конвенция».
Его мнение воплотилось в этих статьях.
Это великолепная работа.
Франция и Англия сделали совместное заявление.
Grammar and syntax
1. Выражение it may be pointed out that следует переводить как «необходимо отметить»:
It may be pointed out that not all declarations are treaties
2. Слово authority часто переводится как «власть»:
Executive authority исполнительная власть
Judiciary authority судебная власть
Legislative authority законодательная власть
3. Выражения in itself, in themselves в постпозиции к неодушевленным существительным переводятся как «сам/а/о/и по себе»
Sometimes declarations are important agreements in themselves.
4. Причастия прошедшего времени часто ставятся после определяемого существительного, особенно если причастие распространено:
He’ll tell us any understanding reached or any information given at the meeting.
5. Выражение what is (sometimes) known as/under the term следует переводить как «нечто, известное под названием»:
These meetings lead to what is sometimes known as “Communiqué”
6. Выражение to confine oneself to следует переводить как «ограничиваться». После него может стоить либо существительное, либо герундий, но не инфинитив:
In her speech she confined herself to a few short remarks.
Very often the participants confine themselves to simply drawing up a communiqué.
7. Выражения declaration of intention, statement of policy and principles следует переводить как «протокол о намерениях» и «программное заявление/заявление о политическом курсе».
Translate
Необходимо отметить, что иногда договоры не нуждаются в ратификации.
Он помнит все статьи написанные для и опубликованные в его журнале.
Чиновники исполнительной власти не имеют права работать в органах законодательной власти.
Эти тарелки красивы сами по себе.
Этот вид интернет-спорта многие знают под именем «троллинг».
Страны ограничились тем, что подписали меморандум о намерениях.
Test. Declarations
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What does the term “declaration” denote?
What is the usual form of a declaration?
What subjects are usually covered in a declaration?
What would you propose to hostile parties to cease the fire and reach peace?
Which country has the most liberal rights and freedoms?
Provide the definitions: Points: 10
Appendix to a treaty or convention;
A legally binding agreement;
A common statement drawn up at brief meeting and handed out during a press conference;
A supplement to a treaty/agreement;
General agreement.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Declaration is less important than a treaty. T F
Summit meeting lead to drawing up communiqués. T F
The results of such meetings are usually not set out in formal treaties. T F
Declarations are assumed to constitute international commitments like international agreements. T F
Declarations can be signed between governments regarding some minor matter. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
declaration obligatory agreement record communiqué statement append policy compact confine
Although __________is an important international ______________ in itself, it is more often ________ to a treaty or convention to form a subsidiary __________, or to place on ________ some understanding reached. Ministers and Heads of States now frequently meet for a few days to discuss ________ and problems of common interest. These meetings lead to what is known under the term “declaration” or ____________. Very often the participants _______ themselves to drawing up a common ______________ which is handed out during a press conference. Legal experts are concerned about the ____________ value of these “declarations of intention”.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Подписание международного соглашения об охране окружающей среды стороны-участники подтвердили обязательства, принятые ранее в Декларации от 20 мая 2009 года.
Большое внимание на саммите глав государств большой «восьмерки» уделялось вопросу полного уважения суверенитета и территориальной целостности.
Во время пресс-конференции Президента США было сделано заявление о новом политическом курсе.
Декларация является соглашением, имеющим юридическую силу.
Европейские страны выбрали курс невмешательства во внутренние дела африканских государств.
Коммюнике от 22 июня 2009 года будет прилагаться к договору об установлении дипломатических отношений.
Министры иностранных дел наших государств договорились встретиться еще раз в Москве, чтобы зафиксировать договоренность, достигнутую во время саммита.
Идеала свободного человека можно достигнуть, если созданы такие условия, при которых каждый может пользоваться своими гражданскими и политическими правами.
В удостоверение чего нижеподписавшиеся подписали данное соглашение.
Программы ЮНЕСКО в области охраны окружающей среды базируются на основе фундаментальных принципов, провозглашенных ею.
6. Write a communiqué of the meeting between Ministers/Heads of Governments/States (min.150 words), who met in ____(city, country) to discuss the global economic crisis. Points: 25
Quiz. Declarations
This term ____________ a building.
In his speech he _______________________ repeating what he had said the day before.
Do not ___________ me ___ such an idiot!
After signing the main agreement, they added a ____________________ .
His speech ____________________ suspicions that he was racist.
This instrument is an important document ______________ .
This event __________________ Jay Treaty
The teacher ___________________ the assignments.
________________, let’s keep our meeting short.
He wrote a book. _______________ , it was adapted into a movie.
In –self
To regard as
Subsidiary compact
To give rise to
To hand out
For lack of time
Furthermore
To confine oneself to
To know under the term
To denote
1.4 Protocols
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Register (Please write your names down in this register) |
|
To follow formalities |
To keep minutes of smth |
|
To be responsible for |
To observe forms/formalities |
|
Additional agreement |
Letters of credence (When a diplomat arrives at the country he needs to present his letters of credence) |
|
Specifications (to specify, to describe in full) |
To be charged with smth (This department is charged with visa issuing formalities) |
|
Log, journal, protocol |
Particular agreement (This particular agreement goes with the basic agreement) |
|
Authorization to act on behalf of smb, smth |
Stipulations (to stipulate) (If you want, we can add new stipulations to the agreement) |
|
Documents confirming the diplomat’s appointment to serve in a particular country |
To submit smth to smth (We do not have to submit this treaty for ratification) |
|
To keep protocol, record the proceedings |
Full powers |
|
To subject to |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Какие формальности необходимо соблюдать на этой встрече?
Результаты экспериментов записывались в журнал.
Этот договор обуславливает, что в случае непредвиденных обстоятельств, сторона А не несет ответственности за доставку товара позже.
Его обязанностью было вести протокол.
Кто будет вести протокол?
Когда он собирается вручать свои верительные грамоты?
Он сдал свою статью для оценки профессора.
Grammar and syntax
1. Выражение to come to do smth часто имеет значение начала состояния, отличного от предыдущего или завершающего, финального:
She came to believe that he was alive - Она (в конце концов) поверила, что …
The word “protocol” has come to mean the register in which the minutes are kept.
2. Слово said в выражении said + сущ. принимает значение «вышеуказанный»:
If it is necessary to amend a treaty, this can be done by an article presented in the same form as the basic text and ratified as the said text.
I am not sure how to react to said article.
3. Выражение to do smth expressly значит «сделать что-то (обычно «сказать», «сообщить» и т.д.) отчетливо, специально, прямо»:
I expressly told her that I didn’t agree.
This document expressly refers to the treaty.
4. Выражение Covenant of the League of Nations значит «Устав Лиги Наций»:
The Covenant of the League of Nations was amended several times.
5. Слово series единственного числа и значит «ряд»
The Covenant of the League of Nations was amended by a series of protocols.
6. Выражение to be additional to smth. значит «являться неглавным, дополнительным к чему-либо»:
These clauses are additional to the execution of the principal convention.
These provisions are additional to the mail set of rules.
Translate
В конце концов я понял, что он не подпишет это соглашение.
Поскольку я не читал Библию, то не могу выразить никакого мнения по поводу вышеупомянутой книги.
Она ясно дала нам понять, что не делала этого.
Устав Лиги Наций был подписан в 1919 г.
В 1980-х он написал ряд книг о дипломатии.
Эта статья является дополнительной к общему договору.
Test. Protocols
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What does the term “protocol” denote in the sphere of international agreements?
What is the original meaning of this term?
When are additional protocols signed and ratified?
What would be the dress-code if you are present at the conclusion of a treaty?
Which countries have monarchies?
Provide the definitions: Points: 10
A separate document signed at the same time as treaty;
A register in which the minutes of a conference are kept;
Diplomatic documents (name a least three);
Made in good faith, without fraud or deceit;
The existing state of affairs.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
The word “protocol” signifies the forms to be observed in the official correspondence. T F
In France le bureau du protocole is the department charged with the preparation of
inauguration of high officials. T F
The form of an “additional protocol” is never used for adding new stipulations
to a diplomatic document. T F
Temporary clauses or reservations are expressed in a separate documents
which is signed at the same time as treaty. T F
Temporary clauses never refer to a treaty. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Ratification requirement to denounce enter into force to cease to be in force receipt written notice denunciation deposit to be open for signature
This Protocol shall ___________ on the thirteenth day after the date on which ten Parties to the Convention have fulfilled the _____________ under the paragraph 2. This Protocol shall_____________ if the Convention ceases to be in force. Any Party to the Protocol may ________ this Protocol by giving _____________ to the Depositary. The ______________ shall become effective twelve months after the date of _________ of the notice of the Depositary. This Protocol shall _____________________ in London from 1 June 2009 to 31 December 2009. _____________, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected by the _______ of the appropriate document with the Depositary.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Настоящий Протокол открыт для подписания любым государством, подписавшим Конвенцию.
Настоящий Протокол подлежит ратификации любым государством, ратифицировавшим Конвенцию.
Ратификационные грамоты передаются на хранение Генеральному Секретарю ООН.
Присоединение осуществляется депонированием документа о присоединении у Генерального Секретаря ООН.
Настоящий Протокол вступает в силу через три месяца со дня депонирования у Генерального Секретаря ООН документа о присоединении.
Каждое государство-участник может в любой момент денонсировать настоящий Протокол путем письменного уведомления на имя Генерального Секретаря ООН.
Денонсация вступает в силу через три месяца со дня получения этого уведомления Генеральным Секретарем.
Настоящий Протокол, английский, русский, испанский и французский тексты которого равно аутентичны, подлежит сдаче на хранение в архив ООН.
Настоящий Протокол подписан в Москве мая первого дня 2009 года.
Генеральный Секретарь ООН препровождает заверенные копии настоящего Протокола всем государствам, указанным в статье 50 Конвенции.
6. Write a protocol recording the negotiations between Heads of Governments States/Contracting Parties (min.150 words). Choose your own topic of negotiations. Points: 25
UNIT 2
CONSTITUENT ACTS OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
2.1CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS;
2.2STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE.
CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS
The United Nations Charter was drawn up by representatives of 50 countries at the United Nations Conference on International Organization, which met in San Francisco from 25 April to 26 June 1945. The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945. The united Nations came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter was ratified by the majority of signatories. 24 October has been since celebrated as United Nations Day.
The Charter specifies the fundamental purposes and principles of the United Nations and defines the functions and powers of the UN main organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.
The Charter reflects the desire of all nations of the world to prevent a new war, their confidence that war can be prevented and that different countries, irrespective of their social systems, can unite around a common goal – the establishment of a lasting peace on earth.
Statute of the international court of justice
The importance of the place occupied by the International Court of Justice in the United Nations is emphasized by the provisions of the Charter: the Court is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations; the Security Council should take into consideration that legal disputes should be referred by the parties to the International Court of Justice.
The Statute of the Court is annexed to the Charter, of which it forms an integral part. The International Court of Justice applies (a) international conventions and treaties; (b) international custom; (c) the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations; (d) judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists as subsidiary means of the determination of rules of law.
Charter of the united nations
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
By means of |
|
To keep in mind, not to forget |
To deliberate (on smth) |
|
Regardless of |
To work out (proposals worked out by the USSR) |
|
Creation, act of organizing, making smth real |
To take account (The UN Charter takes account of the lessons mankind has learnt from World War 2) |
|
To be possible to reach |
To prevent (a war, smb from smth, doing smth) |
|
To prepare, to complete, to find (an answer) |
Irrespective of |
|
then |
To unite around (They united around a common goal) |
|
Stopped progress |
Establishment (the establishment of peace on Earth) |
|
Sides waging war against each other |
To be attainable (This goal is attainable) |
|
Dissatisfaction from unresolved problems |
Provided (We can do it provided we cooperate) |
|
To stop attacks |
Contending parties |
|
To discuss, to think over |
To resort to arms |
|
By, via |
To cease hostilities |
|
To keep from happening |
Frustration |
|
To form a united front |
Setback |
|
If, under the condition |
Subsequently |
|
To decide to go to war |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Они обсуждают этот вопрос уже три дня.
Я не смог предотвратить того, что он купил эту машину.
Эта цель не будет достигнута, пока они не прекратят военные действия.
Начальник учел то, что во время подписания соглашения Джон болел.
Она потеряла вес с помощью новой диеты.
Они сплотились вокруг нового президента.
Он закончил университет в 2010 г. Затем он занимал большое количество должностей в МИДе.
Ты даже не можешь представить себе мое разочарование.
Он придет при условии, что мы его пригласим.
Вот ряд предложений, которые мы подготовили.
Спорящие стороны решили взяться за оружие.
Они решили прекратить военные действия.
Grammar and syntax
1. Правильный перевод выражений:
The Charter of the United Nations Устав ООН
The International Labour Office Международное Бюро Труда
The Universal Postal Union Всемирный Почтовый Союз
The General Assembly Генеральная Ассамблея
The Security Council Совет Безопасности
The Economic and Social Council Экономический и Социальный Совет
The Trusteeship Council Совет по Опеке
The International Court of Justice Международный Суд
The Secretariat Секретариат
2. Слово thus имеет два значения: «следовательно» и «следующим образом, поэтому»:
The organizations thus established can themselves enter into treaties.
She hates me. Thus I decided not to call her.
3. Вместо since then + perfect tenses можно использовать проcто since после вспомогательного глагола have:
He was saved by a surgeon on November 2. He has since celebrated this as his second birthday.
4. Фразы, описывающие что-то, что было сделано впервые, часто переводятся с помощью выражения to be the first … (ever) to + past infinitive
The UN Charter is the first document ever to have been adopted on such a broad and collective basis.
He was the first person ever to have been awarded this medal.
5. Обстоятельства образа действия, времени и т.д. могут быть поставлены в начало фразы для усиления с помощью выражения it is ... that:
This country did it by means of a treaty. – It was by means of a treaty that this country did it.
6. После выражения to be able to употребляется инфинитив, после to be/become capable of - герундий:
He called her but wasn’t able to reach her.
Some international organizations became capable of entering into treaties.
7. Слово very часто значит «сам/а/о/и» или «тот/этот самый..»:
The very fact that such a document exists, proves that most countries do not want war.
He’s the very person we need.
9. Выражение it goes to show значит «служить доказательством»:
The two countries signed a memorandum of understanding. It goes to show that they do not want to go to war against each other
10. As + past participle переводиться как «как», «как и»:
The obligations of the states as stipulated in the Charter, have priority over their other commitments.
The laws, as laid down in the Constitution, will not change.
Translate
Она занимается спортом уже 5 лет и с тех пор ни разу не болела. Это доказывает, что спорт полезен для здоровья.
Они заключили договор 10 лет назад. С тех пор не было ни одного пограничного конфликта.
Только с ее помощью я смог добиться многого.
Человек, одетый подобным образом, не может быть допущен на Ассамблею.
Он не смог простить ее.
Он тот самый человек, который был здесь вчера.
Это первая машина, которую сделали в России.
Как написано в Библии, возлюби ближнего своего.
Test. Charter of the United Nations
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What is the way of setting up international and regional organizations?
When was the UN Charter drawn up?
What does the Charter reflect?
When is the UN Day celebrated?
Name at least three international organizations.
Provide the definitions: Points: 10
To prevent war;
To use weapons;
Temporary, during some period of time;
From the very beginning;
From the date of signature.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
GATT is the international agreement on tariffs and trade. T F
The Statute of the International Court of Justice stands independently from the Charter. T F
The term “Covenant” was used first in connection with the basic document
of the League of Nations. T F
The intergovernmental agencies make an integral part of the UN organization. T F
The term “Charter” denotes a multilateral treaty establishing the UN organization. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
assembled treaty tolerance armed faith succeeding to establish to maintain
security to accomplish
We, the people of the United Nations, determined to save _________ generations from the scourge of war, to reaffirm ______ in fundamental human rights, _________ conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from _______ and other sources of international law can be _________, to practice ________________ and live together in peace, to unite our strength to maintain international peace and _____________, to ensure that _________ force shall not be used, Have resolved to combine our efforts ____________ these aims. Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives, __________ in San Francisco, have agreed to the present Charter of the UN.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Поправки к Уставу вступают в сил после того, как они приняты двумя третями голосов членов Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН.
Поправки должны быть ратифицированы двумя третями членов Организации, включая всех постоянных членов Совета Безопасности.
Принятые до сих пор поправки к Уставу касались расширения членского состава Экономического и Социального Совета.
Измененная статья 25 устанавливает, что решения Совета по процедурным вопросам считаются принятыми, если за них подано семь голосов.
Членство в ООН открыто для всех миролюбивых наций, которые принимают на себя обязательства Устава ООН.
Первоначальными членами ООН являются те страны, которые подписали Декларацию ООН 1 января 1942 года.
Другие страны могут быть принятыми Генеральной Ассамблеей по рекомендации Совета Безопасности.
Осуществление прав и привилегий членов может быть приостановлено Генеральной Ассамблеей по рекомендации Совета Безопасности.
Члены ООН могут быть исключены из организации, если они нарушают принципы Устава.
Cовет Безопасности может восстановить права при приостановлении членства в ООН.
6. Write a Charter of your own organization (min.150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Charter
He did it ____________________ money.
We did everything we could _________________ the conflict.
After a year of training he _______________ entering the championship.
Everybody should be equal ______________________ race.
He’ll help us ______________ he has time.
The article ______ written cannot be published.
_______ with this tool _________ he did it.
His ______ expression was so angry that he didn’t need words.
He decided to enter a college after all. - ____________ that education is important.
Everything should be done _________ written in this manual.
Very
To prevent
Thus
It is … that
Irrespective of
To become capable of
It goes to show
As
By means of
Provided
Statute of the international court of justice
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
In conformity with |
|
To create |
Adjustment (of a dispute) Settlement (of a dispute) |
|
To mean |
Breach (of the peace) verb to breach |
|
To originate from |
To take into consideration |
|
In accordance with |
To entrust smth to smth (We should entrust the settlement of this dispute to him) |
|
To confirm, leave unchanged |
Impartial (authority) |
|
Violation, infraction |
To date from |
|
Arrangement, solving |
To maintain (The decisions of the first conference were maintained by the second) |
|
To put into smb’s care |
To mark (an advance) |
|
Not to forget, to keep in mind |
To be brought into being (This organization was brought into being two years ago) |
|
Unbiased |
Statute (statute of a court) |
|
New based in the old |
To meet (This Court will meet tomorrow) |
|
To become official, to start working |
To take effect (These amendments will take effect next year) |
|
To make real, to create, to effect |
Revised (set of rules) |
|
Impartiality |
To be aimed at smth, -ing (These modifications were aimed at simplifying the court proceedings) |
|
To have a session |
To apply smth as smth (The court applies this book as the foundation to determine its decisions) |
|
Establishment, document confirming the establishment |
Subsidiary means of smth |
|
To have as a goal, to intend |
Ex aequo et bono |
|
To use, to refer to |
Equity |
|
Additional method |
To bring about |
|
According to the principle of fairness |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Одно из качеств, которые обязан иметь судья это быть незаинтересованным.
Я хочу, чтобы целью этого собрания было прекращение слива нечистот в реку.
У него было недостаточно денег, чтобы полностью оплатить образование, поэтому ему пришлось искать дополнительные средства.
Все было сделано в соответствии с правилами.
Он не согласился с тем, как разрешили спор.
Вы нарушает закон тем, что не подчиняетесь.
Это принесло ему убытки.
Я не могу подтвердить это решение, оно было принято 10 лет назад!
Тот факт, что он продает свои услуги уже пять лет, является знаком успеха его компании.
Система обязательного общего среднего образования возникла в 20 веке.
Мы назначили заседание на завтра.
Если вы не примете это во внимание, это будет несправедливо.
Починку машины надо доверять специалисту.
Это лекарство не подействует, если вы будете принимать его меньше месяца.
Он принес мне переписанную статью.
Grammar and syntax
1. Слово further может быть укороченной формой furthermore, прилагательным со значением «следующий» или глаголом со значением «продвигать, развивать»:
They decided to marry in November. Further, the ceremony was to be performed in Costa Rica.
A further stage of development of the court was reached the following year.
This document will further our negotiations.
2. Слово thereto значит to that:
This will settle the problem – if the parties agree thereto.
3. Слово certain часто употребляется в значении «определенный, некий»:
On 10 May 1972 certain amendments were adopted.
A certain Mr. Jones wants to see you.
4. Выражение to the extent of имеет значение «до той степени, в пределах»:
The lie detector test, to the extent that it works, uses certain physiological features of the human body.
I can lend you money to the extent of $1000.
5. Выражение with this aim in view значит «с этой целью»:
It was with this aim in view that the Charter of the UN created the International Court of Justice
6. Одно из значений выражения to refer to переводится как «привлечь (для решения) кого-то еще, передать дело в»:
The legal disputes should be referred by the parties to the court.
7. Модальная форма to be to + inf часто переводиться не как долженствование, а как синоним глагола can, особенно в тех случаях, когда подлежащее выражено неодушевленным существительным, а инфинитив используется в пассивном залоге:
Examples are to be found in ancient Greece.
8. Выражение Jay Treaty переводится как «Договор Джея».
9. Выражение mixed commissions значит «смешанная комиссия». To provide for в качестве непереходного глагола значит «предусматривать»:
This document provided for the establishment of mixed commissions for the settlement of disputes.
Translate
С какой целью вы это сделали?
Его следующим шагом стала покупка дома.
Сгорел и дом, и пристроенные к нему террасы.
Я согласен, но с определенными оговорками.
Этот договор предусматривает постройку новой больницы.
Это продвинет ее карьеру.
Их семья, если это можно назвать семьей, приезжает завтра.
Мне придется передать этот вопрос на рассмотрение директора.
Test. Statute of the International Court of Justice
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What was the aim of creating the International Court of Justice?
Where should legal disputes be referred to?
What was the role of the First Hague Peace Conference of 1899?
Where are the UN Headquarters located?
Name at least three international organizations.
Provide the definitions: Points: 10
Not subject to change;
Way of living; temporary or preliminary agreement;
An instrument annexed to an international agreement, as a treaty;
A violation of legal procedures;
A document defining the formal organization of a corporate body; constitution.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
The International Court of Justice is one of the main organs of the UN. T F
The Statute of the International Court of Justice stands independently from the UN Charter. T F
The Security Council should consult the International Court of Justice
when discussing legal disputes. T F
The first Hague Conference took place in 1999. T F
The International Court of Justice has never been registered as a judicial organ. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Security Council force signatory charter judicial organ judicial amendments Statute court treaty
The ________ of IAEA had been approved on 26 October 1956 at the international conference and came into _______ when instruments of ratification had been deposited by 18 _________States. The power of the _______ to give an advisory opinion is derived from the Article 65 of the Statute. Most interpretations of the _________ of the UN will have political significance. It is only the _______ that can require enforcement by coercive action against an aggressor. The Court made it clear that as “principal _________ of the UN” it was entitled to exercise “a multilateral ______ an interpretative function of which falls within the normal exercise of its _______ powers”. __________ to the present Statute shall be effected by the same procedure as is provided by the Charter of the UN.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Cовет Безопасности ООН принимает непосредственное участие в разрешении международных споров.
Приложение к Уставу вступит в силу с момента первого дня вступления в силу Устава.
Международный Суд ООН руководствуется общими принципами права, признанными цивилизованными нациями.
Генеральный Секретарь ООН - беспристрастный авторитет.
Верховный Суд – главный судебный орган нашей страны.
В урегулировании правового спора между двумя государствами приняли участие большинство стран Евросоюза.
Членство в данной организации основано на принципах равенства.
Постоянные конфликты между израильтянами и палестинцами угрожают сохранению международного мира.
Президенты обеих стран призвали страны-члены НАТО сокращать расходы на вооружение.
Соглашение вступит в силу с момента его подписания.
6. Write a Statute of a university/school/kindergarten (min.150 words). Points: 25 Quiz. Statute
I did it ________________________ the rules.
I cannot ______________ my baby ______ him.
This custom _______ the 18th century.
The changes will _____________ in a month.
The matter _____________ to the attention of the Director.
His presidency ______________ a lot of changes.
This is the main text, everything else is additional ________________ .
It is __________________________ that the UN was created.
A _______________ man wants to see you.
An example of this __________________ found in this book.
Certain
To be to
Thereto
In conformity with
To entrust
To bring about
To date from
To take effect
With this aim in view
To refer to
UNIT 3
UNILATERAL LEGAL ACTS:
Ratification;
Accession, Acceptance and Approval;
Reservations;
Denunciation.
3.1 RATIFICATION
The word “ratification” means:
-the act of the appropriate organ of the state which signifies the willingness of a State to be bound by a treaty;
-the international procedure whereby a treaty enters into force;
-the actual document whereby a State expresses its willingness to be bound by a treaty;
-the approval of the legislature.
Treaties, Conventions, Declarations, Agreements, Exchange of Notes are subject to ratification.
Ratification in the international sense of the term is an essential requirement of a treaty, unless (a) by its express terms the requirement of ratification is dispenses with or (b) it can be inferred from the nature of the form of the treaty.
Ratification involves two steps:
Signing and sealing of the instrument of ratification;
In case of bipartite treaty, its exchange with correspondent instrument produced by the other party.
Accession, Acceptance and Approval
In addition to signature and ratification, a state can also become a party to a treaty by accession (or adhesion or adherence). Accession is possible when provided for in the treaty, or if the parties to the treaty agree that the acceding state should be allowed to accede. Accession has the same effect as signature and ratification combined.
Accession is generally done by depositing a formal instrument, which is also known as “accession”, with the depositary government which may be named in the treaty. Accession does not require ratification unless it is made subject to ratification.
Reservations
Reservation is a unilateral statement made by a State when signing, ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to a treaty, whereby it purports to exclude or modify the legal effect on certain provisions of the treaty in their application to that State.
The effect of a reservation depends on whether it is accepted or rejected by the other states concerned.
The framing of reservations is not absolutely free. The reservation must be compatible with the purpose of the convention.
The time during which reservations can be formulated does not generally exceed, for each signatory, the date of ratification.
Reservations can be withdrawn at any moment. They can be invoked by the interested state in opposition to all parties, and, conversely, by all parties against it.
Denunciation.
The causes for termination of treaties can result either from the desire of one or more signatories to end up the matter or from unforeseen circumstances.
The first category includes treaties which contain fixed terms or denunciation clauses according to which the will of one of the signatories is sufficient to end them. The second includes the disappearance of the original purpose of a treaty or its obsolescence.
A treaty may specify the conditions of its termination, and a bilateral treaty may provide for denunciation by the parties.
Termination or withdrawal may take place by consent of all the parties. In the case of a bilateral treaty a notice of denunciation usually takes the shape of a formal notification addressed to the other government through the diplomatic agent accredited to the latter.
3.1 Ratification
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Appropriate (an act of the appropriate organ of the State) |
Corresponding |
Full, complete |
Loosely and popularly |
|
To decide not to have |
A decisive test (It’s hard to find a decisive test for this dilemma) |
|
|
To insert |
|
To deduce |
To leave (the matter) in doubt |
|
Legally |
Detached (to do smth in a detached manner) |
|
Advised by smb |
Leisurely (in a leisurely manner) |
|
To put in |
Comprehensive |
|
As known by the majority |
To infer smth from smth |
|
The correct way to determine smth |
To dispense with (The parties decided to dispense with ratification) |
|
Without hurrying |
To do smth validly (The president can validly ratify a treaty only under certain conditions) |
|
Not to solve anything |
(To do smth) on the advice of smb |
|
Unaffected by external factors |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Чтобы решить этот вопрос, вам надо обратить в соответствующую организацию.
Соглашения подобного рода известны большинству как «договор».
Нет четкого правила, по которым можно различить функции этих организаций.
Он вставил в текст еще одно предложение.
Она шла не спеша.
Давайте оставим формальности в стороне.
По чьему совету ты это делаешь?
GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX
1. Выражение be it значит «будь это»:
You have to live somewhere, be it a house or an apartment.
2. Слово whereby используется в значении by which, by that:
This is the procedure whereby a treaty enters into force.
3. Формула or otherwise + Past Participle часто используется после причастия прошедшего времени и значит «или … каким-то иным способом»:
The document has to be sealed or otherwise authenticated.
4. Выражение to be (un)likely значит «скорее всего/скорее всего, не…»
He is likely to come soon.
They are unlikely to agree.
5. Слово thereof используется в значении of which, of that, of it:
This Convention and the instruments of ratification thereof have to be exchanged in London.
6. Выражение to consider + Direct Object + to + inf эквивалентно придаточному предложению, вводимому глаголом to think:
We consider this treaty to require ratification. - We think that this treaty requires ratification.
7. Выражение to regard smth as + adjective переводится как «считать»:
We do not regard ratification as necessary.
8. Выражения acte d’acceptation, proces-verbal переводятся как «протокол»
9. Глагол to elapse означает «пройти» (о времени). Его подлежащим всегда является слово или выражение, означающее сколько прошло времени:
Three years elapsed between the birth of his first son and his divorce.
10. Глагол to concur значит «согласиться» в значении «присоединиться к мнению»:
I made a suggestion and the other people concurred.
11. Выражение if at all, употребленное после обстоятельства времени, значит «если это вообще произойдет»:
This will not happen soon, if at all.
Translate
Этот рисунок должен быть приклеен или еще как-нибудь прикреплен к стене.
С тех пор, как я в последний раз видел ее, прошло 3 года.
Этот фильм был воспринят зрителями как скандальный.
Вряд ли она позвонит.
Текст должен быть отредактирован, будь это книга или статья.
Завтра мы рассматриваем этот проект и (его) дополнительные документы.
Он считает, что мне надо постричься.
«Я считаю, что картина продастся только через год, если вообще продастся. Поэтому я предлагаю выставить другую». – «Я присоединяюсь к этому мнению.
Вот тот метод, посредством которого он смог это сделать.
Test. Ratification
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What does the term “ratification” imply?
What is the usual procedure of ratification?
What is the time limit for ratification?
How is the official addressed the Queen of Great Britain?
How many political parties are there in the USA?
Provide the definitions: Points: 10
A diplomatic representative ranking next below an ambassador;
A diplomatic move or procedure, esp. one initiating a change of policy;
The surrender of a fugitive foreign criminal or accused person to another state having the jurisdiction to try the charge;
A diplomatic agent invested with full powers;
Penalties inflicted for a breach of law or of the covenant.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
3.1 Ratification is required for formal types of instruments. T F
3.2 The law does not leave the parties to decide whether or not ratification is required. T F
3.3 Ratification does not have a great value. T F
3.4 It is not customary to fix a time limit for ratification. T F
3.5 The President of the USA can ratify a treaty with the advice and consent of the Senate. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Depositary shares signature ratification accession entry parties approval deposit date
The Convention shall remain open for _________ in London until ________ in force and shall thereafter remain open for __________. All States may become __________ to the Convention by:
-Signature not subject to __________, acceptance or approval, or
- Signature subject to ratification, acceptance or __________, or
-Accession.
Ratification, acceptance, approval shall be effected by the ___________ of the appropriate instrument with the __________.
This Convention shall enter into force sixty days after the ________ on which States representing 95 per cent of the initial investment ______ have become Parties to the Convention.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Настоящий Устав подлежит принятию государствами-членами.
Акты о принятии передаются на хранение правительству Соединенного Королевства.
Настоящий Устав сдается на хранение в архив правительства Соединенного Королевства, где он остается открытым для подписания.
Подписание может иметь место до или после передачи на хранение актов о принятии.
Настоящий Устав вступает в силу только после его принятия двадцатью подписавшими его членами.
Последующие акты о приятии вступают в силу немедленно.
Правительство Соединенного Королевства уведомляет всех членов ООН о получении всех актов о принятии.
Каждое государство-член ожжет в любое время денонсировать настоящий Устав путем письменного уведомления на имя Генерального Секретаря ООН.
Денонсация вступает в силу через три месяца со дня получения этого уведомления Генеральным секретарем.
Настоящий Устав составлен на английском, испанском и французском языках, тексты равно аутентичны.
6. Make up an instrument of ratification on behalf of the Government of ______ ___. Points: 25
Quiz. Ratification
In order to solve this problem you need to refer to a(n) _____________authority.
There isn’t a(n) ______________________ to determine who’s right.
He _______________ several new paragraphs into the text.
This is a _________________ book, it includes everything on the subject.
It can _________________ from his speech that he’s a Democrat.
The method _______________ it can be done was described 10 years ago.
She _________________ to be a good leader.
He’ll arrive late, ____________ .
I read the book and the appendix _______________ .
Ten hours ______________ since she last called me.
Comprehensive
Thereof
To elapse
If at all
To infer
Appropriate
A decisive test
To insert
Whereby
To be (un)likely
Accession, Acceptance and Approval
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Accession (adhesion, adherence) Verb: to accede to (The country acceded to this treaty) |
|
To require |
To introduce confusion into |
|
To somehow |
If so agreed |
|
To be enough |
To leave smth open for + time for smth (Some treaties are left open for long periods for signatures) |
|
An act of joining an agreement without taking part in its drafting and without being the original member |
To blur the distinction between smth and smth |
|
To think the matter over |
Alternatively |
|
To have enough time |
To suffice |
|
If everybody has agreed to it |
To be (made) subject to smth (This document is subject to ratification) |
|
To allow + time to alapse before doing smth |
To have adequate time (He had adequate time to decide) |
|
Or, or else |
To consider the matter fully |
|
To complicate |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Договор останется открытым для подписи 2 месяца.
Клиент может заплатить наличными или банковским переводом, по предварительному согласию.
Сколько яблок купить, 10 или 20? – Хватит десяти.
Если договор не пришлют на этой недели, у нас не будет достаточно времени на решение.
Новые правила внесли путаницу в работу конференции.
После того, как я рассмотрел материалы со всех сторон, я решил не участвовать в проекте.
Эта дисциплина стирает границу между биологией и физикой.
В качестве иллюстраций книга может иметь фотографии, или, как вариант, рисунки.
После трехлетнего размышления, Россия решила присоединиться к договору.
Grammar and syntax
1. Выражение a good deal of значит «много», являясь синонимом a lot of:
This unfortunately, has introduced a good deal of confusion into the law.
2. Слово means значит и «средство» и «средства»:
Signature and ratification are the most frequent means to make phone calls.
This program is a good means to make money online.
3. В русском языке, когда после выражения «разница между … и между …» вводится придаточное предложения, то необходимо добавить выражение «состоит в том, что»:
Разница между кислородом и воздухом состоит в том, что воздух – это смесь газов, одним из которых является кислород.
В английском языке выражение «состоит в том, что» переводится словом that:
The difference between accession and ratification is that the acceding state did not participate in the negotiations that produced a treaty.
4. Выражение establish the consent of smb to do smth следует переводить как «официально подтвердить/явиться достаточным свидетельством согласие/я кого-то сделать что-то»:
Two signatures are usually enough to establish the consent of the parties to be bound.
Translate
Я не думаю, что устное заявление является официальным согласием этой организации повысить зарплату.
Разница между тортом и кексом состоит в том, что в кексе нет крема.
Ему заплатили много денег.
Горячее молоко с медом – хорошее средство от простуды.
Test. Accession, Acceptance and Approval
1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
How can a state become a party to a treaty?
What are the traditional means of expressing the state’s consent to be bound by a treaty?
What is the modern practice of expressing consent to a treaty?
Name the present Secretary-General of the UN.
Does the UN organization have an army?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
Approval of a treaty by a formal confirmation, signature;
Agreement to an act or offer of another so that the parties become legally bound;
The act by which a nation becomes a party to a treaty already in force;
A general agreement (of opinion, testimony);
A notification by a state of its intention to terminate a treaty.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Signature and ratification are the most frequent means of expressing consent. T F
Terms “accession” and “adherence” have different meanings. T F
Accession is possible only if it is provided for in a treaty. T F
Nowadays treaties are no longer concluded by an exchange of correspondence. T F
There is a modern practice to leave certain treaties open for long periods for signature. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
depositing consent ratification signature acceptance to conclude bound notes representative accession
The _______ of a state to be bound by a treaty may be expressed by _____________, _________________, _________________, approval or accession. Treaties are nowadays _____________by an exchange of correspondence between the two states. Each note is signed by the _____________ of the state sending it. Two signatures are usually enough to establish the consent of the states to be _______. However, exchanges of _________ require ratification. _________ does not require ratification. Accession is generally done by _______ a formal instrument.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Посол Российской Федерации вручил ратификационную грамоту Генеральному секретарю ООН.
Государства ЕС могут присоединиться к договору после его подписания.
Восшествие на престол нового короля Испании было отпраздновано во всей Европе.
За последние несколько лет ООН пополнилась пятью новыми членами.
Северная Корея подписала акт о присоединении к договору о разоружении.
Фашистская Германия подписала акт о капитуляции в мае 1945 года.
Сборник международных договоров ООН опубликован на сайте этой организации.
Конституция ООН – международный документ.
Правильно оформленный вексель является юридически обязательным документом для плательщика.
Учредительный акт 1947 года заложил основу для создания ООН.
6. Write an instrument of accession as a Minister of Foreign Affairs acceding the Treaty on Students Rights Protection (min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Accession, Acceptance and Approval
This country has refused __________________ to this treaty.
_____________ , some countries can cancel their treaty obligation before the date of treaty expiration.
The agreement will _____________________________ one year for accession.
Lately the distinction between accession and adherence ________________________ .
How much time do you need? A week? – Five days _________________ .
This document is not ___________________ to ratification.
______________________ of confusion was introduced into the law.
A good ______________ to fight inflation is to create new branches of economy.
The consent __________________ by means of three signatures.
It was the US _________ did not participate in the treaty.
if so agreed
means
subject
a good deal
that
to leave open
to blur
to accede
to establish
to suffice
Reservations
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
To effect |
|
To have as a goal |
To induce smb to do smth (We induced the other party to insert an additional clause into the instrument) |
|
Adaptation, use, employment |
To this effect (We wanted to have a reservation so we inserted into the agreement an express term to this effect) |
|
To be able to choose between |
Duly (The decision was made and duly recorded) |
|
To do, to make |
To exercise a choice (I have a right to exercise a choice between different provisions) |
|
To talk into, to convince |
To purport (This reservation purports to make certain provisions void) |
|
With this aim in mind |
Application (These reservations modify the legal effect of certain provisions of the treaty in their application to the state) |
|
Correspondingly |
In effect (A reservation to a bilateral treaty presents no problems because it is, in effect, a new proposal reopening the negotiations) |
|
To activate, to use, to refer to |
Counter-offer (We were not entirely happy with their conditions so we made a counter-offer) |
|
To take back |
Framing (The framing of reservations is not absolutely free) |
|
Actually, as a matter of fact |
To withdraw (Reservations can be withdrawn at any moment) |
|
Format |
To invoke (Reservations can be invoked by the interested state in opposition to all parties) |
|
A proposition by the other party made in response to the proposition from the first party |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Цель этой статьи – показать истинное положение дел в Каракасе.
Что касается применения этого договора к Китаю, то тут я сказать ничего не могу.
Он, вообще-то, директор этой компании.
Если они сделают контрпредложение, то мы, скорее всего, согласимся.
Страна присоединилась к договору и напечатала с этой целью заявление.
Продажа была произведена вчера.
Формат подобных заявлений определяется организацией, в которой вы работаете.
Он забрал назад свое заявление.
Нас не удастся склонить на это.
Документ был составлен и соответствующим образом скреплен печатью.
Он применил свое право не работать по выходным.
После полуночи вы не сможете осуществить право выбора между этими товарами.
Grammar and syntax
1. Выражение subject to без глагола перед словом subject является обстоятельством образа действия (т.е. отвечает на вопрос «как?») и переводится «с»:
This treaty applies to this country subject to modifications
2. Выражения proces-verbal и protocol of signature переводятся как «протокол о подписании»:
Reservations should be duly recorded in a protocol of signature.
3. So + Past Participle может переводиться «подобным образом», если причастие относится к уже упомянутому действию:
Where a state wishes to be bound, its consent to be so bound can be legal only if it is permitted by the treaty.
4. В модели noun + however + Past Participle слово however переводится «как бы ни»:
A reservation is a unilateral statement however phrased or named, made by a State when acceding to a treaty.
5. Выражение to be effective в юридических тестах, в зависимости от контекста, часто переводится не «быть эффективным», а «быть действительным, имеющим силу»:
Where a state wishes to be bound, its consent to be so bound can be effective only if it is permitted by the treaty.
6. Выражение failing which, вводящее новое предложения определения, переводится как «в случае неудачи в достижении (которого/ой/ых)»:
Reservation constitutes a counter-offer which requires a new acceptance, failing which the state making the counter-offer will not become a party to the treaty.
Translate
Я не даю согласия на то, чтобы мою речь использовали подобным образом.
Договор не является действительным до следующего года.
Тебе нужно сдать этот экзамен, а в случае неудачи тебя лишат стипендии.
Его картина, как бы она ни была написана или нарисована, никогда не будет продана.
Мы присоединимся к этому договору с определенными оговорками.
Протокол о подписании будет храниться в ООН.
Test. Reservations
1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What is a reservation?
In which case a reservation is considered to be valued?
What does the effect of registration depend on?
How many Ministers are there in the Government of Russian Federation?
What is an attaché?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
A party or state that has signed a treaty;
A thing already done, so that an opposition or argument is useless;
An unforeseeable course of events excusing from the fulfillment of a contract ;
A diplomatic agent;
A brief account of one’s previous career and qualifications.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Reservation is a unilateral statement made by a State to modify a treaty. T F
A reservation to a bilateral treaty is more complicated than to a multilateral treaty. T F
Reservation must be compatible with the purpose of the convention. T F
Reservations can be withdrawn at any moment. T F
The time for formulating reservations can exceed the date of ratification. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Treaty reservation consent effective validly accepted maintained party compatible reserving state
It is essential that all parties to a _______ should assent to making of a ____________. Without the ___________ of all the parties, a reservation proposed in relation to a multilateral convention cannot become _____________. IN order that any reservation may be ___________ made, it is essential that this reservation should be ________ by all the contracting parties. A state that has made and _______________ a reservation which has been objected by one or more of the parties to the convention but not by the others, can be regarded as being a _________ to the convention if the reservation is ______________ with the object and purpose of the convention. If a party considers that a reservation is incompatible with the object and purpose of the convention, it can consider that the reserving state is not a party to the convention.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Представители государств, заинтересованных в присоединении к договору, собрались сегодня в Вене.
Договор о разоружении открыт для присоединения.
Государства-участники договора о демаркации границ не приняли резервацию Пакистана.
Россия, Индия и Иран связаны договором о нераспространении ядерного оружия.
Страны-участники Еврокомиссии внесли контрпредложение о выходе Польши из ее состава.
Резервации, сделанные Россией, изменили юридическую силу отдельных положений договора.
Резервации могут быть отозваны в любой момент.
Временные рамки для формулирования резерваций небольшие.
Резервации должны быть приняты всеми сторонами трехстороннего договора.
О рекомендации Исполнительного Совета ЮНЕСКО Пиза объявлена городом-музеем.
6. Formulate at least three reservations to the Treaty on….(min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Reservations
This was _______________ by that company.
He _____________ to come to the party.
The treaty was made and ___________ recorded.
This law ______________ as of tomorrow.
He has a right to ______________________ the two jobs.
The conditions ______________ to be reasonable.
If they decide to fire me, I will _____________ a wrongful termination law.
These are the exams _______________ you’ll be kicked out of the university.
The cake _____ made was not liked by the children.
_____________ painted or polished, this car will not sell for over $900.
To be effective
To invoke
Failing which
So
To effect
To induce smb to do smth
Duly
To exercise a choice
However
To purport
3.4 Denunciation
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Denunciation |
|
Generally, as everybody believes |
Fixed terms |
|
Lack of validity |
Obsolescence |
|
Contents |
Subject matter (This can be inferred from the terms of the treaty or its subject matter) |
|
Definite time limit |
Presumably (Treaties of peace are presumably not open to unilateral denunciation) Noun: presumption (There is a presumption that this treaty is not subject to denunciation) |
|
Termination of a treaty |
To supplant smth (This treaty is intended to supplant the earlier treaty) |
|
To be officially sent to perform the diplomatic functions in + country |
To be incompatible with (The new treaty is incompatible with the provisions of the former treaty) |
|
To appear as |
To take the shape of (A notice of denunciation takes the shape of a formal notification addressed to the other government) |
|
Awaiting |
To be accredited to (+country) (This diplomatic agent is accredited to China) |
|
To clash with |
Pending (This can be maintained by a modus vivendi pending its replacement by a new treaty) |
|
To change, to replace |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Они заключили договор сроком на три года.
Эти условия несовместимы с политикой нашей страны.
В Ираке он был аккредитован три года.
Документ, о котором идет речь, вам принесут завтра.
Его ответ принял формы статьи в газете.
Содержание книги идеально подходит к ее форме.
Неофициального согласия будет достаточно, пока мы ждем официального.
Эта организация заменит собой Лигу Наций.
Эта конвенция считается недействительной из-за того, что ее содержание устарело.
Считается, что эти журналы не для продажи.
Денонсирование договора произошло сразу же, как только началась война.
Grammar and syntax
1. Выражение wherein следует рассматривать как in where:
In case of a multilateral treaty such notice should be addressed to the government of the state wherein it was signed.
2. Слово latter значит “последний упомянутый, второй по счету в предложении»:
If I have to choose between pens and pencils, I’d prefer the latter.
3. Выражение whether (it/they…) be равнозначно be it:
I like documentary novels, whether they be written by journalists or university researchers.
4. Noun + in question значит то же самое, что noun + concerned (т.е. «то/тот/та/те, о котором/ой/ых идет речь»):
This cancels all the treaties binding the state in question.
The treaty will bind the state in question
5. Выражение Convention on the Law at Sea переводится как «Конвенция ООН по морскому праву».
Translate
Я взял мешок со всей находящийся в нем картошкой.
Что ты хочешь – роман или повесть? – Последнее.
Я не ем рыбу, неважно, выловлена она в море или в реке.
Война полностью разорила это государство (о котором идет речь).
Test. Denunciation
1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What are the causes for termination of treaties?
How can a treaty be terminated?
When can a treaty be considered as terminated?
What is a structure of Russian export of goods?
What is a persona non grata?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
An interim agreement in a dispute pending the final settlement;
An instrument subsidiary to a convention; a record of certain understanding arrived at;
An informal discussion preliminary to negotiations;
A diplomatic agent;
A third-person note.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Denunciation can be caused by the desire of one or more signatories to end up the matter. T F
A treaty does not specify the conditions of its termination. T F
Some important law-making treaties contain no denunciation clause. T F
Treaties of peace are usually open to unilateral denunciation. T F
A treaty can be maintained, after notice of denunciation is given, by means of exchange of notes. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Unilateral denunciation express implied remain in force termination commercial treaties Contracting parties notice expiration treaty
The right to __________________________ may be derived either from an _________ term or an ________ term. With regard to express terms, it is provide that the treaty shall __________________ for a specified period, and, when the period is drawing to an end, a notice of __________ may be given by one party to the other. The right to unilateral denunciation is more easily implied to _____________. In case neither of the High ___________________ shall have given _________ to the other twelve months before the ___________ of the said period of ten years of its intention to terminate the _______, it shall remain in force.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Причиной прекращения срока действия договора может стать желание одной из сторон закрыть тему
Непредвиденные обстоятельства (война, уничтожение государства) могут стать причиной прекращения срока действия договора.
Договор может детально определять условия его прекращения.
Конвенция о Морском Законе 1958 года не содержит пункта о денонсации.
Прекращение срока действия договора или выход из договора возможен только при согласии всех участников договора.
В случае двойственного договора одна сторона передает правительству другой стороны через дипломатического представителя формальное уведомление.
В случае, если конвенция подписана под эгидой ООН, уведомление о денонсации должно быть адресовано Генеральному Секретарю.
Как предусмотрено в статье 5 Договора об установлении перемирия между Палестиной и Израилем, ни одна из сторон не может выйти из договора.
В случае, если ни одна из сторон не уведомила другую о прекращении срока действия договора, договор остается в силе еще на один год.
Право денонсировать коммерческий договор имеют обе стороны.
6. Compose a notice of denunciation of a treaty. Observe all formalities ( min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Denunciation
The new building will ______________ the old one.
This book’s ___________________ is too advanced for a child.
This screen _________________ this DVD player.
He is _______________ Russia.
Can you please look at my car? – OK, where is the car _________ ?
We’ll have a modus vivendi ____________ the treaty.
His response _____________ a series of articles.
The terrorists took the airport an all people ___________ .
I saw Jim and John. ____________, that is, John, told me about his wife.
I don’t know _____________ he’ll come.
To be accredited to
Whether
To supplant
In question
Pending
To take the shape of
Wherein
Subject matter
Latter
To be incompatible with
UNIT 4
RESOLUTIONS AND RECORDS OF THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY:
Resolutions;
Rules of procedure
Resolutions
Decisions are taken on issues relating to an organization’s internal activities, such as a) adoption of rules of procedure; b) approval of the budget; c) admission to and expulsion from membership, etc. In all international organizations decisions on procedural matters are binding on all member states.
As for resolutions on substantive questions, they are generally recommendations.
Many resolutions of the General Assembly have a full legal effect in that they are binding upon both the members and the organs of the Organization. These resolutions create obligations and legal situations which did not exist before.
A significant number of General Assembly resolutions have been framed in the form of a declaration or a charter. Each resolution is followed by the result of the vote. Decisions are usually taken without a vote.
Rules of procedure
Rules of procedure are framed at the outset for guidance. Where committees are set to discuss particular items on agenda, these in turn appoint a chairman, frame if necessary rules of procedure, and in addition to a secretary, often appoint a “rapporteur”, to prepare the report to be furnished to the plenary body.
4.1 Resolutions
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Rules of procedure |
|
To influence, to change |
Admission to (admission to membership) |
|
A course of actions or instrument |
Expulsion from (expulsion from membership) |
|
Expected, scheduled |
To affect (This does not affect the political force of the resolutions) |
|
For example |
Means (This document is used as means for the determination of rules of international law) |
|
A course of actions to be taken/written within a conference |
To be framed in the form (The resolution has been framed in the form of a declaration) |
|
Right to enter, access |
In due course (These articles contributed in due course to the adoption of laws on the same subject matter) |
|
Official dismissal |
For instance |
|
To be arranged, to be composed |
To pave the way for (This Declaration paved the way for the Convention of 1965) |
|
A special meeting that takes place between regular meetings |
The questions under consideration |
|
At the beginning |
To take up (The questions are arranged according to the date they were taken up) |
|
One following another |
Under review (Questions are written according to the date they were first taken up in the year under review) |
|
To be taken care of, to be taken into account |
In the order (The UN resolutions are numbered in the order of their adoption) |
|
Main, working, functioning part |
At the outset (The rules of procedure are framed at the outset for guidance) |
|
Under examination, inspection |
Extraordinary (Extraordinary session of Congress) |
|
To make progress easier |
Operative part (Resolutions are made of the preamble and the operative part) |
|
To begin |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Внеочередная сессия начнется завтра в 5.
Постановляющая часть документа занимает 10 страниц.
Людей регистрировали в том порядке, в котором они прибывали.
За аморальное поведение он был исключен из рядов партии.
Закон о предпринимательстве, внесенный Президентом, все еще находится на рассмотрении в Государственной Думе.
Уход твоего отца с важного поста не изменит моего отношения к Вашей семье.
Входная плата в музей составляет 300 рублей.
В рамках фестиваля «Золотая Маска» в Москве проходят премьеры провинциальных театров.
Первая выставка импрессионистов в Париже проложила дорогу внедрению жанра Импрессионизм в искусстве.
Grammar and syntax
1. Выражение to decide on синонимично выражению to take a decision on:
Decisions are taken on issues relating to an organization’s internal activities.
The director takes all decisions on procedural matters.
2. To elect to значит «выбрать в (какую-то организацию)», соответственно, предлог on сохраняется для отглагольного существительного election to:
Election to the local bodies are scheduled for next week.
3. Выражение internal working означает «внутреннее функционирование»:
These resolutions are concerned with the internal working of the UN.
4. Выражение legal effect значит «юридическая сила»:
Such recommendations do not have a legal effect.
5. Выражение legal situation значит «правовое положение»:
These resolutions create legal situations that did not exist before.
6. Выражение in the sense that значит «в том смысле, что»:
He is the boss only in the sense that he takes care of financial issues.
7. Выражение legal conscience значит «правосознание»:
This document can be regarded as juridical conscience of humanity as a whole.
Translate using expressions from the previous page
Мы сами будем принимать решение по вопросу оформления выставки.
Законы в нашей стране имеют хоть какую-то юридическую силу?
Выборы нового Председателя Совета Директоров в нашей компании состоятся завтра.
Кодекс корпоративных правил –документ для внутреннего использования в компании.
Правосознание граждан необходимо планомерно повышать.
В плане работы с финансовыми документами Вы можете на меня положиться.
4.2 Rules of procedure
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
To vary with (The course of procedure of any conference varies with its importance) |
|
Dedicated to the event of |
To furnish smth to smb (The report will be furnished to the plenary body) |
|
Speaker, presenter |
To hold (an event) |
|
To include, to fit |
With respect to |
|
To organize and conduct |
Rapporteur |
|
To undergo change; to be different |
On the occasion of (The protocol is usually prepared by a secretary on the occasion of each sitting setting forth a day) |
|
As regards |
Sitting |
|
To provide, to give |
Proofs (First you submit proofs to the plenipotentiaries for any necessary amendments) |
|
Change, update |
To supply |
|
In the same words |
To circulate (Drafts and documents are often circulated as conference documents) |
|
Session |
Alteration (This is only a minor alteration!) |
|
For future statement |
Verbatim (Verbatim records) |
|
Evidence or argument |
(To need smth) for future reference |
|
To move around |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
В повестке дня возникли небольшие поправки.
Вы должны перевести данный договор слово в слово.
Мне нужны протоколы всех собраний компании для работы на будущее.
Движение муссонных дождей непредсказуемо.
У нас закончился запас воды.
Теория о происхождении данного вида животных не имеет никакого подтверждения.
Парламент сегодня соберется на внеочередную сессию.
По случаю дня рождения королевы-матери все улицы Лондона украшены флагами.
На конференции сегодня очень много докладчиков.
Я не смогла вместить красивый большой диван в свою крохотную гостиную.
Что касается конвенции по правам человека, ее копии будут разосланы всем участникам саммита.
Размер зарплаты на предприятиях меняется в зависимости от бюджетирования региона.
Grammar and syntax
1. Модель «кажется, что» в английском языке выражается глаголами to seem или to appear и имеет формы subject + to seem/to appear + inf:
He seems to be a doctor.
She appears to have already done it.
There doesn’t seem to be any regular practice with respect to adoption of rules of procedure.
2. Выражение used to + inf используется для описания регулярного того действия или состояния в прошлом, которое больше не происходит:
When I was a child I used to play a lot.
It used to be the practice for such document to be prepared by the secretary.
3. В предложении It used to be the practice for such document to be prepared by the secretary on the occasion of each sitting setting forth the date of a meeting слово sitting является существительным («заседание), а setting forth - герундием:
4. Модель might have + past participle употребляется для описание действия в прошлом, причем говорящий хочет показать, что он не уверен полностью, произошло ли:
I want to know the names of any person who came (сомнения в том, что кто-то пришел, нет).
I want to know the names of any person who might have come (сомнение есть, может быть, никто и не пришел).
You need to attach any draft project that might have come under consideration.
5.Слово whereupon часто имеет значение «после чего»:
The members approved the letter, whereupon it was signed
6. Both … and значит «как … так и»:
The practice has become both less regular and less formal.
7. Слово formerly значит «раньше», «ранее»:
This term, formerly known as “article”, has now acquired the name “communiqué”.
8. В предложении The duties comprise also the arrangement of all matters of routine and such other duties as may be assigned to it слово as имеет значение which.
Translate using expressions from the previous page
Он, кажется, уже закончил школу и поступил в РГГУ.
Я очень много употреблял кофе, когда работал ночами над диссертацией.
Установление праздничных дней, посвященных новым российским праздникам, негативно отразится на работе нашего предприятия.
Должно быть, кто-то приходил в офис. В моем кабинете горит свет.
Я люблю и конфеты, и пирожные, и мороженое.
Раньше я исполнял обязанности руководителя отдела.
Встреча завершилась подписанием проекта резолюции, после чего все члены конференции были приглашены на официальный прием.
Test. Resolutions and Records of the un
1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What are the two types of resolutions of the main bodies of international organizations?
What kind of political and legal effect do resolutions of the UN have?
What does the term “process-verbal” imply?
What is the main goal of the United Nations?
What are the functions of Ministry of Foreign Affairs?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
A list of items to be discussed or business to be transacted, as at a meeting;
A person who prepares an account of the proceedings of a committee for a higher body;
A formal record of the proceedings of a conference;
A final proposal or a statement of terms, the rejection of which by the other party may lead
to a rapture of diplomatic relations or war;
In position facing one another, opposite to.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Decisions are taken on issue regarding an organization’s international activities. T F
Many General Assembly resolutions have a form of a declaration or a charter. T F
The UN General Assembly resolutions are published twice a year. T F
Each resolution is followed by the result of the vote. T F
The special identification symbols of the UN documents are composed of figures. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Treaties agenda Rapporteur adopted objection process-verbal plenipotentiaries commission addition intercourse
The Chairman invited the members of the _____________ to give their views, first on the content of the ________, and then on the order. He suggested the following order: Diplomatic ___________ and immunities, Arbitral procedure, Law of ________. The Special __________ wishes to make a report on the comments made at the session in ________ to his written report.
The order of the agenda items was considered as __________ and there was no ____________.
A _____________ should be prepared by the secretary for the 204th session of the UNESCO. The names of ____________ and their staffs are set in the document
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Комиссия рассмотрела проекты резолюций, касающейся программы размещения в Европе американской системы ПРО.
Проект резолюции 2 Rev. был снят его автором.
Устная поправка была снята ее авторами.
Были внесены предложения, которые Генеральная конференция может принять к сведению.
Предложение 5, содержащееся в документе VK 32, было принято Комиссией.
Резолюция Совета Безопасности 560 была принята единогласно на его заседании 20 мая 2009 года.
В ней выражена обеспокоенность продолжением Израиль -палестинского конфликта.
В документе отмечена необходимость достижения всеобъемлющего урегулирования между Израилем и Палестиной.
В принятой резолюции Совет Безопасности, руководствуясь Уставом ООН, определил основные направления урегулирования конфликта.
Он потребовал, чтобы Израиль и Палестина немедленно прекратили огонь и остановили все военные действия.
6. Compose a resolution/recommendation/decision of an international congress/conference
(min. 150 words). Points: 25
Quiz. Resolutions. Rules of Procedure
Daily ________________ to the gym costs $45.
His speech will not _______________ my decision.
You want me to recommend a good author? Well, Chaucer is a good one, ________________ .
People are paid ______________ they assigned for the job.
____________ of the meeting we elected a chairman and a secretary.
He _______________ Congress by the people of this city.
This decision will not have ____________ until next month.
He is a musician ____________ he writes music.
The _____________ session of the Parliament will start tomorrow.
The year ____________ is 2010.
Extraordinary
To elect to
At the outset
In the sense that
Legal effect
For instance
In the order
Admission to
Under review
To affect
UNIT 5
5.1. Final instruments of Intergovernmental Negotiations and Visits,
International Conferences
Very often heads of governments or states, ministers meet to discuss policies or problems of mutual interest. The participants confine themselves to the drawing up of a joint statement, declaration or communiqué, handed out during a press conference and usually published in newspapers.
A communiqué is more general kind of document. Its prime objective is to inform the press and the public at large of the results of talks and of the atmosphere in which they were held.
A joint statement is a document that is more binding on the sides. It presumes that something substantial has come out of negotiations and in the view of that the participants decided to issue a joint statement.
Declaration is still more weighty and binding document. They proclaim identical views and joint intentions.
The language of communiqués is business-like and dryish. Elevation of style is characteristic of joint statements and declarations.
In most cases communiqués, joint statements and declarations have their own protocol part. The usual pattern of communiqué, joint statements and declarations is as follows:
1) mention is first made of the negotiations that have taken place and their duration;
2) then follows a reference to the meetings that have taken place and a list of their participants;
3) then comes a general appraisal of the atmosphere of the talks and a range of issues considered.
Final instruments of international conferences and meetings are usually drawn up in the form of a final act or a declaration.
The term “act” is used to describe a multilateral treaty which seeks to lay down rules of general international law which may be formulated at international conferences. The final act is usually a formal statement or summary of proceedings of a congress or conference. Signature in the final act does not in itself signify acceptance of the treaties or conventions so enumerated, which require separate signature.
The title “General Act” is given to an instrument promulgated by an international conference which lay down rules of general international law which are intended to be binding upon several states.
5.1. Final instruments of Intergovernmental Negotiations
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Final instruments |
|
To pass through, to experience |
To come to life (Such documents only come to life if there is a agreement on each word) |
|
To cover |
Elaborate (The document is long and elaborate) |
|
Final documents of intergovernmental negotiations or visits |
Prior (Prior to WWII the other type of document was predominant. We can do it only if there is a prior agreement on each word) |
|
To appear |
To undergo change (Today the idea has undergone substantial change) |
|
Preceding in time or order |
To embrace (These documents embrace a wide range of important issues) |
|
Thorough, with attention to detail |
Primarily (The nature of such documents is determined primarily by the nature of the states adopting the document) |
|
In regard with, in consideration, with intention |
To enter into talks |
|
To distribute, to deliver |
Prime objective (The prime objective of a communiqué is to inform the public of the result of the talks) |
|
Formal |
At large (The objective of a communiqué is to inform the press and the public at large of the result of the talks) |
|
Mainly |
In view of that (The participants decide on the issue and in view of that this international conference is organized) |
|
To start talks |
To extend/accept an invitation (An invitation to make an official visit has been extended and accepted) |
|
On big scale |
Businesslike (The language of communiqués is businesslike and dryish) |
|
Main goal |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
В связи с визитом глав государств ЕС в Канаду необходимо подготовить целый ряд финальных документов.
За последние годы появилось огромное количество инновационных технологий.
Это эссе по истории очень детально отражает годы сталинского режима.
Зачет по английскому языку необходимо сдать до окончания сессии.
После внесения поправок закон претерпел существенные изменения.
Территория РФ охватывает несколько климатических зон.
Прежде всего, заполните таможенную декларацию.
После окончания кровопролития страны наконец вступили в переговоры.
Основной целью данного учебного пособия является развитие речевых навыков.
Мирные переговоры на высшем уровне были организованы с целью примирения враждующих государств.
Наш босс всегда очень формален и сдержан.
5. 2. FINAL INSTRUMENTS of International Conferences
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
In terms of (In terms of the subject matter a final document breaks down into two groups of questions) |
|
To conform, to agree |
Burning issues of the day |
|
To observe, to follow priority |
To invite the assumption (His speech invites the assumption that the sides have no common viewpoint on the topic) |
|
Referring to, in connection with |
To expound (The position of this side was expounded during the talks) |
|
Hot, up-to-date issues |
To accord (The population accorded a warm reception to his speech) |
|
To suggest |
To observe the precedence (In listing the participants in the negotiations it is important to observe the precedence dictated by the protocol) |
|
To give a detailed statement, to explain |
Appraisal (The communiqué gives a general appraisal of the atmosphere of the talks) |
|
To make known by public announcement, declaration |
Range of issues (The communiqué gives a general appraisal of the atmosphere of the talks and the range of issues considered) |
|
Consular assemblies; Consular international agreement |
To seek (This treaty seeks to lay down rules of general international law) |
|
To list, to provide |
To enumerate (He enumerated all reason that precluded him from participating in the project) |
|
Evaluation |
To promulgate (The conference promulgated several important documents) |
|
To search for, to try, to endeavor |
Consular convention |
|
Set, number of issues |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Что касается надежности и скорости, вы можете положиться на этот автомобиль.
Злободневные темы дня обсуждались по всем ТВ каналам.
Его доклад предполагает развитие генной инженерии в совершенно противоположном направлении.
Этот учебник детально отражает все грамматические языковые формулы.
В дипломатических рангах соблюдается строгая приоритетность.
Давайте жить в мире и согласии.
Моя работа получила высокую оценку руководства.
Повестка дня включает широкий спектр вопросов.
Вы не могли бы перечислить все преимущества Вашей теории?
Сейчас все страны ищут выход из экономического кризиса.
После заседания Ассамблеи ООН были обнародованы все доклады.
В этом году Консульская Ассамблея состоится летом.
Grammar and syntax
1. В выражениях «принимать решение по (какому либо вопросу)» или «достигать решения по…» после слова decision нужно употреблять on. Это же относится к слову report:
We can do it only if there is a prior agreement on each word.
Here’s a report on the situation in Namibia.
2. Глаголы изменения состояния (to get, to become, to increase, to decrease и т.д.) часто употребляются в Present Continuous, чтобы подчеркнуть непрерывность процесса :
Final documents are becoming more meaningful.
The boy is getting strong.
3. Выражение страна-член (ООН, НАТО, и т.д.) на английский язык переводится как country member или state member (мн. число countries members, states members):
The nature of the document is determined by the countries members of the UN.
4. Выражение so forth значит то же, что so on и etc.:
He writes books, articles, essays, and so forth.
5: Выражение in the field of следует переводить как «в сфере»:
We know that something dud come out of the negotiations – either in the field of general international problems or in the field of bilateral relations.
6.Слово still, употребляемое с прилагательным, значит не «все еще», а «по сравнению с …»:
Finally, a declaration is a still more binding document (е.е. налагает еще бóльшие обязательства по сравнению с чем-то, упомянутым в предыдущем предложении).
7. Глагол to note часто означает «комментировать», «включать в текст»:
It has been customary to note, at the very end of the document, the significance of negotiations for the development of relationship between the two countries.
Translate using expressions from previous pages
Подготовьте доклад по страноведению США.
Весной все становятся раздражительными из-за нехватки витаминов.
Недавно Польша обьявила о своем намерении войти в НАТО.
Он является почетным членом Академии Художеств, старшим научным сотрудником Института Экономики, ведущим специалистом в области востоковедения и т.д. и т.п.
В сфере прогресса по внедрению нанотехнологий Россия стоит на первом месте.
Мой друг все еще холост.
Я бы хотела заметить, что перевод этой статьи неточен.
Test. Final instruments of intergovernmental negotiations and visits (communiqués, joint statements, declarations, memoranda of understanding) and of International conferences
1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What are the final instruments of intergovernmental negotiations and visits?
What are the main differences between these instruments?
Which style is characteristic of final instruments?
Which countries form the NATO block?
Which country would you choose if you were appointed an Ambassador?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
A formal summary or statement of the proceedings of a conference or congress, enumerating treaties or conventions drawn up as the result of its deliberations;
A formal treaty or agreement;
A relaxation of international tension;
A special written authorization from the head of state issued to a negotiator at a congress or conference, entitling him to conduct negotiations and sign treaties;
An interim agreement in a dispute pending a final settlement.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Communiqués are always long and elaborate and include a detailed description of negotiations. T F
Joint statements and declarations reflect the outcome of negotiations or exchange of views. T F
A communiqué is more general kind of document than a declaration or a statement. T F
The language of communiqués is informal. T F
A memorandum of understanding has always been in common practice as a form of a final instrument. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Eliminating respect working visit security contribute to hold measures cordiality deepen consolidating
At the invitation of President of Turkey, President of the USA paid an official ________ _______ to Turkey on April 6, 2009. During the visit, talks were ______. The meeting and talks were held in the atmosphere of _______________ and mutual _______. The talks were aimed at ________________ the policy of détente in Europe, ____________ the seats of tension in Europe, strengthening international ___________ and confidence between states.
A detailed exchange of views was held on the development of the basic areas of ___________ cooperation.
The Sides agreed to continue efforts to ___________ economic relations on a stable and long-term basis. Determined to __________ to the development of their economic relations, the Sides agreed to take all necessary __________ to ensure a further growth of trade turnover.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Россия и Абхазия подписали коммюнике об установлении дипломатических отношений.
Обе стороны выражают уверенность в том, что установление дипломатических отношений и обмен послами будет содействовать развитию международного сотрудничества.
Россия и Абхазия подтверждают свою готовность строить двусторонние отношения в соответствии с Уставом ООН, на основе принципов мирного сосуществования, взаимного уважения суверенитета и территориальной целостности.
Государства-участники настоящего договора считают, что меры укрепления доверия и безопасности являются важным средством в решении проблем, связанных с уменьшением военной угрозы.
Заключительный Акт Саммита большой «восьмерки» подтверждает следующий пять принципов:
Суверенное равенство, уважение прав, присущих суверенитету;
Неприменение силы или угрозы силы против территориальной целостности европейских государств;
Нерушимость границ и непосягательство на эти границы;
Территориальная целостность государств;
Мирное урегулирование споров посредством переговоров, посредничества и арбитража.
6. Compose a communiqué/declaration/final act related to the latest global events (min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Final Instruments
His method was complex and ____________________.
___________ to the 20th century most people had no access to proper medicine.
The new program __________________ a completely new approach to the problem.
The press and the public ________________ reacted to the news positively.
Was he warm and welcoming? - No, he was very __________________ .
They refused to work with us. _______________ we need to find another partner.
Their position ______________ during the speech.
This is an expensive book and that book is ___________ more expensive.
In our approach we ___________ to establish lasting peace on Earth.
It _________________ cold!
To get
To embrace
In view of that
Businesslike [‘/,
At large
Elaborate
Prior
To seek
Still
To expound
UNIT 6. DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE
6.1. United Nations Communications:
6.1.1 FORMAL LETTERS
6.1.2 INFORMAL LETTERS
6.1.3 NOTES VERBALES
6.1.4 INTEROFFICE MEMORANDA
6.2. Diplomatic Communications between States.
6.3. Other diplomatic acts:
6.3.1 AGREMENT;
6.3.2 CONSULAR COMISSION AND EXEQUATUR;
6.3.3 LETTERS OF CREDENCE AND LETTERS OF RECALL;
6.3.4 FULL POWERS
6.1. United Nations Communications:
6.1.1 FORMAL LETTERS
Formal letters employ diplomatic style and phraseology. Normally such letters are addressed only to heads of State or Government, ministers for foreign affairs and permanent representatives.
Subjects which require formal letters include official statements of policy by the Secretary-General, acknowledgements of credentials or appointments of permanent representatives, and similar information to Governments and permanent missions on matters involving the duties and responsibilities of the Secretary-General under the Charter.
The proper salutation for a formal letter is “Sir” or “Madam” followed by comma. In addressing a person with an ambassadorial rank the form “Excellency” may be used.
6.1.2 Iformal letters
Informal letters are used for the day-to-day correspondence of the Secretariat with persons outside the Secretariat and for communications addressed to other organizations in the Unites Nations system.
The salutation of an informal letter should begin with the same margin as the text and be followed by a comma. It should be six or more lines below the reference number. The salutation may take the following forms: “Dear Sir/Madam”, “Dear Sirs”, “Dear Miss/Ms.”, “Dear Mr. Ambassador”.
6.1.3 Notes verbales
A note verbale is a formal note written in the third person. Notes verbales may be addressed to permanent representatives or permanent missions, a minister for foreign affairs. Where direct correspondence with any other government officer or office had been authorized, it must be in letter form. The note verbale is not normally used for communications with other organizations in the United Nations system, and should never be used for communications with non-governmental organizations or the public.
A note verbale contains no complimentary closing. Its salutation forms part of the opening sentence of the text and begins with the regular paragraphing.
6.1.4 Interoffice memoranda
Interoffice memoranda are used for correspondence with the Secretariat. They are appropriate for correspondence both within a given duty station and with other duty stations. They are used to record facts, decisions or opinions to which reference may be necessary later, to make or to respond to proposals or to convey information. They are incorporated in the official files kept by individual departments or offices.
6.2. Diplomatic Communications between States.
Diplomatic practice distinguishes the following five forms of written official communications:
Personal notes which takes the form of a letter drawn up in the first person on behalf of its signatory.
Verbal notes which are considered to be the most commonly used forms of diplomatic communication. They are drawn up in the third person and are not usually signed.
Aides-memoires which are handed personally or delivered by a courier. The purpose of transmitting aide-memoire is to facilitate the further progress of a transaction and to prevent the subject of a personal conversation.
Memoranda which may be a separate and independent document or it may be appended to a personal note or a note verbale.
Semi-official letters, or informal letters, which are sent to officials, with whom one is acquainted, in cases involving personal favors or relating to administrative matters.
6.3. Other diplomatic acts:
6.3.1 Agrement
When one government wishes to accredit an ambassador or a minister to another government, it is necessary that the appointee should be approved by the government of the country to which he is being assigned. It is customary, in order to avoid personal embarrassments, to sound a foreign government privately before making a formal application for agrement. It is only when the agrement is secured that the ambassador-designate should take steps to proceed to the receiving state.
6.3.2 Consular comission and exequatur
Consuls are appointed by the sending state and are admitted to the exercise of their functions by the receiving state. In most cases the appointment of consular representatives as well as admission of foreign consuls fall within the competence of the departments concerned with foreign affairs.
The head of a consular post is provided by the sending state with a document, in the form of a commission or similar instrument, made our for each appointment, certifying his capacity and showing his full name, category and class, his consular district and the seat of the consular post. A consular commission is sometimes referred to as letters patent or letters de provision.
The official recognition of a consul by the Head of the State of the country to which he is assigned is called “the exequatur”. The exequatur authorizes the consul to discharge all the functions of his office and serves as the evidence of his official character to the local authorities in his consular district.
6.3.3 Letters of credence and letters of recall
In view of the importance of the position of the head of the diplomatic mission, custom requires that the government which sends the envoy ascertains before his appointment that he will be persona grata. The request for agrement or acceptance is presented either through the head of mission of the receiving state or the charge d’affaires who is temporarily in charge of the mission. As soon as consent is obtained the appointment is made public.
The new head of mission is provided by the government with official letters called letters of credence or credentials. These letters are placed in an envelope and sealed with wax ,and must be opened by the head of state at the time of presentation.
Delivery of the credentials of the new head of mission should be preceded by sending of the letters of recall of the agent whose mission has been brought to an end.
As soon as the new head of mission has arrived he is informed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the day and hour when the Foreign Minister will receive him for the delivery of the copie d’usage of the credentials, which will be in his possession, and of the letters of recall of his predecessor.
6.3.4 Full powers
A diplomatic agent to whom a particular negotiation is entrusted for the conclusion of a treaty or convention requires a special authorization, called a full power, from the head of state he represents.
Full powers to ratify a treaty or to accede to a treaty are now obsolete because ratification and accession are the act of governments themselves.
When the representatives of the negotiating states enter upon their task, the first step is the mutual submission of their full powers for verification.
The essential feature of full powers is that they should show by their terms that the representative to whom they are issued is invested with all necessary authority on the part of the state concerned to take part in the negotiations pending, and to conclude, sign the treaty instrument.
6.1.1 Formal letters
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Note verbal |
|
Recognition |
To contemplate (doing smth) (Subjects include actions taken or contemplated by the Secretary-General) |
|
To attract, to welcome, to request |
Acknowledgement (Acknowledgement of the credentials of the new Ambassador will take place tomorrow) |
|
To direct to a source for help or information |
Proper (The proper salutation for a formal letter is “Sir”) |
|
To consider, to intend, to anticipate |
Opening sentence (The expression “I have the honor to …” is usually required in the opening sentence) |
|
Correct, appropriate |
To refer to (I have the honor to refer to…) |
|
Formal letter written in the 3rd person |
To invite one’s attention to smth (I invite you attention to …) |
|
Beginning of a letter |
Complimentary close (The complimentary close for formal letters is “Accept, Sir or Madam, the assurances of my highest consideration”) |
|
To give honor to |
Cardinal numbers |
|
To ask somebody for information |
To dignify (I am not going to dignify this with an answer) |
|
Formal ending of a formal letter |
Dignified (Official correspondence should be clear in content and dignified in style) |
|
Numbers used in counting to indicate quantity but no order |
To make a request of smb (If a request is made of the addressee, the expression “I should be grateful” is appropriate) |
|
Noble in manner and language |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Постоянное представительство РФ при ООН имеет честь подтвердить получение ноты № от дд.мм.гг.
Обе стороны намереваются подписать мирный договор.
Упорно трудясь на сцене, он наконец добился признания.
Надень подобающий костюм, сегодня прием во Дворце Съездов.
Во вступлении в письмо, адресованному Епископу, необходимо учитывать особенности обращения.
Сделайте ссылку на источники информации в Вашей работе.
Я хочу обратить Ваше внимание на неоправданные расходы нашей компании.
Заключительные фразы официального письма должны начинаться с новой строки.
В данном документе используются количественные числительные.
Египтяне возводили величественные монументы в честь своих фараонов.
Слава русского народа возвеличена в фольклорных произведениях.
Greenpeace послал запрос в Министерство Природы на предмет экологического состояния озера Байкал.
Grammar and syntax
1. Выражение permanent mission следует переводить как «постоянное представительство».
2. Выражение under the Charter переводится «согласно Уставу»:
This is part of the duties of the Secretary-General Under the Charter.
3. Обращение Your Excellency значит «ваше превосходительство».
4. Глагол to succeed значит не только «иметь успех», но еще и «следовать за»:
Succeeding paragraphs should normally begin without the introductory phrase.
5. Выражение I should be grateful (to/if) переводится «буду (Вам) благодарен, если (Вы)».
6. Выражение accept the assurances of my highest consideration переводится «примите уверение в моем совершенном уважении».
7. Слово edge (of the page) значит «край (листа, страницы)» а margin – «поле (страницы)».
8. Выражение conduct of business переводится «делопроизводство»:
To contribute effectively to the conduct of business of the UN, its official correspondence should be clear, dignified and attractive.
Translate into English
Постоянное представительство ООН находится в Брюсселе.
Согласно Уставу, предприятие имеет право учреждать и проводить бестиражные лотереи.
Постоянное представительство РФ при ООН пользуется случаем, чтобы возобновить Вашему Превосходительству уверения в своем высоком расположении.
Буква “Q” следует за буквой “ P”.
Буду Вам благодарен, если Вы перешлете данное письмо до вечера.
Отступите 3 см от края страницы.
Важной стороной делопроизводства является корректно оформленная документация.
Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Un Communications. Formal letters.
1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What are the main types of UN official communications?
Who are formal letters usually addressed to?
What is the proper salutation for a formal letter?
What languages are mainly spoken and written at international conferences or summits?
What is a dress-code for official ceremonies?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
An informal summary of a diplomatic interview or conversation;
A third-person note;
The re-establishment or recommencement of harmonious relations between the states;
A title of address, i.e. the courtesy title given to the addressee;
A diplomatic agent.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Formal letters employ diplomatic style and phraseology. T F
Formal letters can be addressed to any representative of a state. T F
Salutation for a formal letter is not necessary. T F
The address of a formal letter to ministers for foreign affairs should not necessarily contain
personal titles. T F
Formal letters are used for official statements of policy. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Grateful on behalf set up take place enclosed assurances invitation designated consideration honor
_____________ of the Director-General, I have the _________ to inform you that, at the _________ of the Government of Italy, the sixteenth session of the World Heritage Committee, ________ under the Convention concerning the protection of the World Heritage, will _________ in Moscow, from 20 to 30 May 2009. I would be _________ if you would inform me of the name and title of persons _____________ to represent your Government.
Please find ________ the Provisional Agenda for the session.
Accept, Sir, the _________ of my highest ______________.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Главными органами ООН являются: Генеральная Ассамблея, Совет Безопасности, Международный Суд, Секретариат ООН.
От лица Генерального Секретаря имею честь сообщить Вам об открытии пятой сессии ЮНЕСКО.
Позвольте передать Вашему Правительству приглашение принять участие в заседании Совета.
Примите, сэр, выражения моего глубокого уважения.
Надеюсь получить Ваш позитивный отзыв в ближайшее время.
Согласно пункта 3 Резолюции, я делегирован проинформировать государства-участники о предстоящей конференции.
Встреча в Москве прошла на уровне министров иностранных дел.
Генеральная конференция утвердила распределение суммы для финансирования проектов резолюций.
Совет Безопасности считает, что военные действия в секторе Газа должны быть немедленно отменены.
Совет Безопасности выступил с предложение открыть в Палестине постоянное представительство при ООН.
Compose a formal letter, e.G. Invitation to Minister for Foreign Affairs to attend a convention (min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Formal letters
Are you going to do it? - I _________________________ it.
The __________ title for a person of his position is “Your Excellency”.
What page are you talking about? – I _________________________ page 35.
His response was very _________________.
The _______________________ of this company involves keeping copies of every document in the Headquarters Office.
They ________________________ us to provide them with certain information.
Henry II ___________________ by Henry III.
The ____________ of the page should be 5 spaces from the ______________.
This letter does not need a ______________________ . Just sign it.
To refer to
Edge
Dignified
To make a request of
To succeed
Complimentary close
To contemplate
Proper
Margin
Conduct of business
Informal letters.
Notes verbales
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Under-secretary-general |
|
A person who watches carefully |
Assistant-secretary-general |
|
A letter of notice sent to a large number of people |
Signature block |
|
To mark |
Circular letter |
|
Deputy of secretary-general |
Incoming/outgoing mail |
|
A person minor in rank who helps secretary-general |
Observer (Notes verbales may be addressed to a permanent representative or an observer) |
|
Place where signatures are placed |
To form part (The salutation of a note verbale forms part of the opening sentence of the text) |
|
Mail being received/sent |
To present one’s compliments (The Secretary-General of the UN presents his compliments to … and has the honour to …) |
|
Attached |
To acknowledge the receipt (of a letter) |
|
Delivery |
To forward (a letter, a communication) |
|
To express respect |
To do smth at the request of smb (I am doing this favor at the request of Mr. Jones) |
|
To send ahead, to transmit |
Enclosed (The enclosed communication is transmitted to the permanent missions of the State Members of the UN) |
|
To confirm |
Dispatch (The officer responsible for the dispatch of the letter is Mr. Lindsey) |
|
When smb. asks someone to do a favor |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Конференцию открыл заместитель Генерального секретаря.
Циркуляр будет разослан всем участникам конвенции.
Посмотри во входящей почте, нет ли письма от Боба.
ООН всегда посылает своих наблюдателей в «горячие» точки.
Колокольня Ивана Великого формирует часть архитектурного ансамбля Кремля.
Президент холдинга выражает свое уважение господину Смиту и имеет честь пригласить его на торжественный прим.
Еще вчера банк получил подтверждение транша.
Я направлю Вам письмо Боба по электронной почте.
По просьбе г-на Миллера я представляю казино «Винн» на выставке.
В приложении к письму- расчеты стоимости Вашего дома.
Доставка корреспонденции производится до 16 час.
Grammar and syntax
1. Перевод:
Yours truly, искренне Ваш
Yours sincerely, с искренним уважением
I remain, … , Yours sincerely остаюсь преданный Вам
2. Выражение «использоваться в» в английском языке имеет форму to be used in –ing:
This form is always used in replying to an incoming note verbale.
3. Глаголы to request и to acknowledge являются переходными, но существительное request управляет предлогом for, а acknowledgement – предлогом of:
He requested three computers for his office.
She acknowledged my presence.
We have a request for 500 chairs.
He gave no indication as to the acknowledgement of my presence there.
4. Выражение complimentary closing идентично выражению complimentary close.
5. Слово whether в некоторых случаях значит «будь то … или»:
A note verbale in reply to a note verbale from a minister for foreign affairs or permanent representative should be sent in the name of the Secretary-General whether the incoming note is addressed to the Secretary-General, to a subordinate official, to the Secretariat or to a department.
6. При переводе модели «от + числительное 1 до + числительное 2» слово from опускается в тех случаях, когда результат может быть любым числом в данном промежутке:
The date should appear two to six lines below the text (т.е. 2-3-4-5-6 строк)
Сравните:
He works from nine to five. – He works five to nine hours a day (т.е. 5-6-7-8-9 часов)
7. Модель «не + глагол 1, а + глагол 2» в английском выражается моделью not … but:
The address should not appear on a note verbale but should be typed on the accompanying envelope.
Translate into English
В написании официальных писем используется специальная терминология.
В коммерческий отдел пришел запрос на поставку 5 контейнеров «Бугатти».
Я бы хотел удостовериться в Ваших добрых намерениях.
Завершающая фраза официального письма звучит так: «Примите мои уверения в моем высоком уважении.»
Мы все равно отправимся в речной круиз, будь то холод или дождь.
Данное эссе должно содержать от 200 до 250 слов.
Вы обязаны приходить на занятия не в 11, когда выспитесь, а ровно в 8.45.
Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Un Communications. Informal letters.
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What subjects require informal letters?
Who are informal letters usually addressed to?
What is the proper salutation for an informal letter?
What are the principal directives in the external policy of Russia?
What is an attache?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
The approval of an ambassador or a minister by the government of the receiving state;
A top-ranking diplomat accredited to a foreign government;
The salutation in a letter or note indicating the official title of the addressee;
A complimentary close in a letter or note varying according to the nature of the correspondence;
A written communication to the secretary of state or minister for foreign affairs from a diplomatic officer abroad.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Informal letters employ diplomatic style and phraseology. T F
Informal letters are used for the day-to-day correspondence. T F
Salutation for an informal letter is not necessary. T F
When the name of the addressee is known, it should be used. T F
The forms “Dear Sir” and “Dear Madam” can be appropriate in personal letters. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Interference Excellency establishment relations to consolidate sovereignty integrity communiqué mutual honor
_________,
I have the _________ to inform you that on 5 May 2009, the Governments of the People’s Republic of China and Nicaragua have issued a Joint __________ concerning the ______________ of diplomatic __________ between the two countries.
The Governments have agreed _____________ bonds of friendship on the basis of the principles of _________ respect for national __________, territorial __________, non-____________ in the internal affairs of each other.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Как стало известно, 2 июня в стране планируется проведение плебисцита.
Я считаю, что нет достаточных оснований проводить плебисцит.
Желание народа защитить свою безъядерную конституцию уже было подтверждено в ходе нескольких плебисцитов.
Прошу Вас направить международную группу наблюдателей, чтобы оценить процедуру плебисцита.
От лица Генерального Секретаря имею честь передать Вам текст резолюции.
Буду признателен, если Вы любезно передадите приложенное сообщение Президенту от меня.
Имеем честь проинформировать Вас, что КНР и республика Никарагуа издали совместное коммюнике об установлении дипломатических отношений.
Ваше Высочество, просим Вас передать данное сообщение государствам-членам ООН.
Пользуемся случаем засвидетельствовать Вам свое почтение.
Oстаюсь искренне Ваш.
6. Compose an informal letter, e.G. Informing/thanking a foreign representative about/for forthcoming/attending a conference (min. 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Informal letters
He received the letter but did not ________________________ the receipt.
I have this letter. – I need it, too! Can you ____________ it?
Please find the list of names in the ________________ list.
This phrase ___________________________ in diplomatic correspondence.
The ___________________ of the document will not take place until it’s sealed.
He __________________ three computers for his office.
The computer should not be merely turned off ___________ be blocked as well.
You should send this document to me ____________ it is addressed to me or to the Director.
He works ___________ 9 to 5.
This operation will take ____________2 to 3 hours.
Whether
To acknowledge
To request
From
NOTHING (leave it blank!)
To forward
Dispatch
To enclose
To be used
But should
Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Un Communications. Notes Verbales.
1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What is a note verbale?
Who are notes verbales usually addressed to?
What style is preferred in drafting notes verbales?
Which European countries do not require entrance visa? What is a rapporteur?
Provide the definitions: Points: 10
Just the opposite;
With no reference to year and location;
The third-person note;
In other words;
Place of a stamp.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Notes verbales are written only in the third person. T F
Notes verbales can be addressed to Heads of State or Government. T F
Notes verbales contain no complimentary closing. T F
Notes verbales usually contain signatures. T F
Notes verbales are never used for communications with non-governmental organizations or the public. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Resolution appreciate transmitted attached to communicate comments Representatives honor accordance compliments
The Secretary-General of the UN presents his _______ to the Permanent _______ of Spain to the UN and has the _________ to refer to General Assembly _________ 40/150 of 20 May 2009 entitled “Implementation of the Collective Security Provisions of the Charter”, a copy of which is __________.
By this resolution, the Assembly invited the Member States ____________ no later than 20 June 2009 their views and ________ on the matter. The Assembly requested that such views and comments be _____________ to the Ad-Hoc Committee.
The Secretary-General would ___________ receiving the views and comments of His/Her Excellency Government in __________ with the above-mentioned provision.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Постоянное представительство Российской Федерации при ООН свидетельствует свое уважение Генеральному Секретарю ООН и имеет честь подтвердить получение его ноты за № 5/20 от 20 мая 2009 года.
Постоянный представитель Российской Федерации при ООН будет признателен Генеральному Секретарю за распространение настоящей ноты в качестве официального документа Генеральной Ассамблеи по пункту 30 повестки дня.
Постоянное представительство Российской Федерации при ООН пользуется случаем, чтобы возобновить Генеральному Секретарю уверения в своем высоком уважении.
Генеральный Секретарь ООН будет признателен, если вверительные грамоты постоянных представителей будут переданы ему не позднее, чем за двадцать четыре часа до начала встречи.
Секретариат ООН свидетельствует свое уважение Постоянному Представительству Оман при ООН и имеет честь проинформировать, что внеочередное заседание ОПЕК состоится в Вене 20 мая 2009 года.
Повестка дня заседания находится в приложении.
Приглашения будут разосланы в ближайшее время.
Служба Протокола любезно просит Постоянных Представителей не планировать других мероприятий на данную дату.
Прилагаемое сообщение, датированной 20 апреля 2009 года, передано Постоянным Представительствам при ООН по просьбе Постоянного представителя Российской Федерации при ООН.
Нота не содержит персональной подписи.
6. Compose a note verbale, e.G. Informing a permanent representative about transmitting him a copy of some important document (min. 150 words). Points: 25
6.1.4 Interoffice memoranda
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Memorandum (pl. memoranda) |
|
Suited to a particular condition or use |
Duty station |
|
A duplicate or copy |
To convey (Emails are used to quickly convey data) |
|
The one to whom something is addressed |
To be incorporated in (The factory in incorporated in the production cycle) |
|
|
To deal with (Each memorandum deals with one subject only) |
|
If needed, required |
…, as appropriate (Memoranda may be prepared in one of the following forms, as appropriate: ) |
|
A short note written as a reminder |
Addressee |
|
To transmit |
Ditto (A memorandum may be reproduced in ditto/typed on ditto or in any other appropriate form) |
|
To cope with, to have business with |
Where desirable (Where desirable, the list of addresses may be attached) |
|
To be included |
Intermediary (A memorandum may be sent through an intermediary) |
|
To type, to place |
Capital/lowercase letter |
|
To set the first line of a paragraph in from a margin |
Single (one-and-a-half, double) spacing (The subject should be typed in single spacing) |
|
A duplicate made by using a thin paper coated with dark waxy pigment, placed between blank sheets |
To indent (This element of the letter should be indented two spaces) |
|
To arrange in straight line |
To enter (The number should be entered on the right-hand side of the page) |
|
A slanting line |
Carbon copy |
|
A mediator |
Oblique line/slash |
|
A single blank, empty area |
To be aligned (The left-hand margin should be aligned with the printed word “Subject”) |
|
Big/small letter |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
В США дата, месяц, год пишутся через дробь.
Все документы должны быть написаны с использованием «копирки».
Книги были расположены строго по алфавиту.
Введите Ваше имя и пароль.
Напишите это предложение с красной строки.
Имена собственные пишутся с большой буквы, имена нарицательные - с маленькой.
Сделайте один пробел и поставьте дату, месяц и год.
Посредники в переговорах нам не нужны.
При необходимости можно заказать билеты в бизнес-класс.
Я передам тебе по электронной почте всю информацию.
Адресат неизвестен.
Шпион внедрился в компанию и передает секретную информацию конкурентам.
С такими капризными клиентами непросто иметь дело.
Данный документ перешлите в копии всем членам Совета Директоров.
Обязанность секретаря – вести меморандумы заседаний.
Grammar and syntax
1. Прилагательное given часто обозначает «данный» не в смысле «отданный, переданный», а в значении «определенный», «один»:
These letters are appropriate for correspondence within a given duty station and with other duty stations.
2. Выражение interoffice memorandum и memorandum interieur переводятся как «межведомственный меморандум, записка»
3. Слово through в адресном блоке письма переводится как «передано через»
4. Слово reference значит «ссылка», «справка» и употребляется с предлогом to:
Interoffice memoranda is used to record facts to which reference may be necessary later.
5. Сокращение Ms не значит Miss (слово Miss не сокращается вообще). Оно употребляется для обращения к женщине любого возраста, информации о семейном положении которой нет. Произносится оно [miz].
6. Слово opposite значит «напротив», а не «перед». В терминологии делопроизводства и официальной корреспонденции оно также может быть переведено как «после»:
The names and titles should be typed opposite the word “To”.
7. Выражение where desirable следует переводить так же, как if needed:
Where desirable, the list of addressees may be attached.
8. Выражение initial capital в типографике переводится как «первая (прописная) буква слова):
The subject should be typed in lower-case letters with an initial capital for the first word.
9. Выражение to underline smth completely значит «подчеркнуть что-то без пропусков, одной непрерывной чертой»:
The subject should be underlined completely.
10. Слово space в типографике означает «пробел»:
The heading should end two spaces from the upper right-hand corner of the page.
11. Слово line может значить как «линия», так и «строка»:
He drew a line from A to B.
Put the subject of the letter on the next line.
Translate using expressions from previous pages
Начинайте свой рассказ с прописной буквы.
Это предложение напишите с новой строки.
Вашу подпись поставьте через два пробела после «Искренне Ваш».
Самое важное в инструкции было подчеркнуто непрерывной чертой.
Напротив нашего офиса открылась кофейня «Старбакс».
Данный вид связи недоступен.
При необходимости все технические средства связи будут предоставлены.
Информация о теракте передается по всем ТВ каналам со ссылкой на источники МВД и МЧС.
Межведомственные меморандумы рассылаются в министерства еженедельно.
Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Un Communications. Interoffice Memoranda
1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
When are interoffice memoranda generally used?
Who are interoffice memoranda usually addressed to?
What is the correct form of the date in interoffice memoranda?
What is UNESCO and what are its main functions?
What is a minister-designate?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
Power of attorney; representative office;
Quoted composition;
Annually;
A general term for a commission, delegation, embassy;
The full name, address and title of the addressee.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Interoffice memoranda are used for correspondence within Secretariat. T F
Each memorandum can deal with different subjects. T F
Interoffice memoranda should be prepared on envelope-size paper. T F
Interoffice memoranda may be written in English and French. T F
Interoffice memoranda are used to record facts, decisions, to which reference may be necessary later. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Headquarters assigned to submit referring correspondence indicated requested estimate numerals reply
RGGU staff members officially ____________ to conferences and meetings away from ______________________ are reminded of their responsibility __________ post-mission reports to the Office of the Director. The reports are ______ within one week of the end of the conference.
In ________ to your memorandum of 20 May 2009 __________ to the financial implications for the typesetting of the publications in French and Italian, we have prepared the cost _________.
Dates are given in form 20 May 2009. Forms such as 20/5/2009 are not used in official _____________ because of differences in usage regarding the position of ________ indicating date and month. Time is __________ as follows: 10.20 a.m.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
В меморандумах все цифры меньше 10 должны быть выражены прописью.
Все цифры больше 10 должны быть выражены цифрами, если они не стоят в начале предложения.
Цифры должны быть использованы при ссылке на главу или раздел документа (например: глава V, параграф 4).
При ссылках на главы и разделы нужно внимательно различать использование римских и арабских цифр.
Денежные суммы и знаки передаются в основном арабскими цифрами, например $6.50.
Главные комитеты Генеральной Ассамблеи пишутся прописью с большой буквы: Первый Комитет.
Арабские цифры используются при записи результатов голосования (за исключением ноля): Проект резолюции был принят 12 голосами.
Номера сессий Генеральной Ассамблеи или Советов пишутся прописью, номера встреч – цифрами: сороковая сессия и 10ая встреча.
Проценты выражаются цифрами и слово «процент» пишется прописью.
Даты даются в следующей форме: 20 мая 2009 года. Формы 20/5/2009 не используются в официальной корреспонденции.
6. Compose an interoffice memorandum on behalf of the Director of you own company to the staff (min. 150 words). Points: 25 Quiz. Interoffice memoranda
Will you make sure she gets my message? – Yes, I’ll _______________ it myself
You can use either one of the methods, __________________ .
The topic of the letter should appear _____________ of the abbreviation “RE”.
“L” is a(n) ________________ letter
The address is usually _________________ at the beginning of the letter.
When the book has 2 authors, you should put a(n) ______________ line between the name of the authors
Our positions are to be ______________ before we make a formal agreement
This can happen on any _______ day
________________, the money can be handed in cash.
Put five _____________ between the address and the first line of the letter.
Given
Uppercase
Opposite
To enter
To convey
Where desirable
As appropriate
Space
Oblique
To align
6. Diplomatic communication between states
6. 1 Diplomatic Protest
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
International intercourse |
|
Worth of notice, remarkable |
To express the position on (These documents express the position of a state on a particular issue) |
|
Aid to memory; an informal summary of a diplomatic interview or conversation |
To read smth out (The contents were read out) |
|
Personally by an author of a letter |
Aide-memoire |
|
International exchange |
In the first (second, third person) (The letter was written in the third person) |
|
Letter drawn up in the 1st person on behalf of its signatory |
Notably (In many books, notably in the one by Satow, personal notes are not named as an independent form of diplomatic communication) |
|
To express the opinion, point of view |
Personal note |
|
To present computer data, from calculations or storage |
To be/become part and parcel of smth (Personal notes have become part and parcel of international intercourse) |
|
Currently discussed question |
To facilitate smth (This facilitates the transmission of information) |
|
Principal part of diplomatic document |
To be misinterpreted or misunderstood |
|
To hold, to catch, to comprehend |
Thereon (Memorandum describes facts and arguments based thereon) |
|
To be an integral part |
Covering note |
|
To make easier, to assist |
Purport (of a document) |
|
On/upon this |
To go out of use |
|
Revenge actions |
To carry the main idea (It is purport that carries the main idea of the letter) |
|
To explain inaccurately or incorrectly |
Issue under discussion (What’s your position on the issue under discussion?) |
|
To be no longer useful |
To grasp the meaning of (To point out the purport means to correctly grasp the meaning of the letter) |
|
Note reporting on details of event |
Measures of retaliation |
|
To transmit the essentials |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Международная переписка в нашей компании осуществляется через отдел международных отношений.
Я не буду высказывать свою позицию по поводу снижения налогов.
Конверты вскрыли в Министерстве Финансов в 12 ровно, и результаты тендера были зачитаны в присутствии всех участников.
По окончании переговоров резюме встречи было разослано в офисы обоих послов.
Роман написан от 1-го лица.
Она заметно похорошела после летнего отдыха.
Мобильные телефоны стали неотъемлемой частью нашей жизни.
Данный учебник упрощает изучение грамматики китайского языка.
Из-за непрофессионализма переводчика, большая часть его выступления была некорректно переведена.
В главной части дипломатического документа отражается позиция государства по обсуждаемому вопросу.
Старые модели телефонов Nokia вышли из употребления.
Какова Ваша позиция по обсуждаемому вопросу?
Я очень быстро ухватила нить переговоров.
Grammar and syntax
1. To distinguish smth. (обычно во мн. числе) значит «включать» или «разделяться на». To distinguish between smth. значит «различать», «проводить границу между»:
Until recently diplomatic practice distinguished the following forms of communication.
In diplomatic practice it is common to distinguish between personal notes and verbal notes.
2. Выражение a formula of courtesy часто заменяет собой complimentary opening или complimentary close:
Memoranda do not begin or end with a formula of courtesy.
3. Слово proportion может значить «часть». Proportion может быть large, considerable или fairly large:
A considerable proportion of diplomatic documents is documents of a purely interdepartmental nature.
A (fairly) large proportion of diplomatic documents are made public.
4. Выражение by virtue of значит «поскольку», «на основании того, что»:
Some letters are confidential by virtue of specific circumstances.
5. Выражение owing to синонимично because of или due to:
Some diplomatic documents are never published owing to insignificance of their subject matter.
6. Выражение as the name (itself) suggests переводится как «как и следует из его (ее) имени/названия»:
As the name itself suggests, the purport is the principal part of a diplomatic document.
7. Выражение in some respect (+adj.) переводится как «в чем-то», «в некоторой степени»:
Naturally, this classification is in some respects conditional.
8. Выражение (to be) wounding to следует переводить как «ранящий/ая/ие», «могущий/ая/ие ранить»:
In diplomatic correspondence one needs to avoid harsh expressions wounding to the dignity of the country to which the document is addressed.
Translate
Найдите 10 различий между тем, что изображено на этих картинках.
Нефть и газ составляют значительную часть российского экспорта.
Официальные письма главам государств обязаны начинаться с приветственной фразы.
На основании условии договора стороны обязуются не разглашать конфиденциальную информацию.
Из-за смены часовых поясов мы долго не могли уснуть.
Как следует из названия, las Palmeras – город пальм.
В некоторой степени работы этого авангардиста могут быть названы искусством.
Во время романтического свидания молодым людям не рекомендуется использовать грубые слова, способные ранить деликатную натуру девушки.
Quiz. Diplomatic communications
Did you receive the letter? Can you _______________ it out?
In some articles, __________________ in the ones by Dr. Smith, this topic is treated differently.
Running or doing aerobic exercises is nowadays _________________ any athletic workout.
He presented the facts and the hypothesis based ______________
The ________________ of his speech was to make everyone understand the importance of this project.
In some ______________ , this information is not completely objective.
In his articles the main idea ____________________ on pages 20-34.
The war was declared _________________ this document.
His words were ________________________ to my honor.
His name could not be disclosed _________________ the need for secrecy.
Owing to
To read
Thereon
Notably
By virtue of
Purport
Respect
Wounding
Part and parcel of
To carry
6.2 Diplomatic protest
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Reservation of rights |
|
Other party which receives official documents |
Strictly speaking (Strictly speaking, it’s not a novel. It’s a biography) |
|
Not valid |
To be eligible to do smth. (Some organizations are eligible to send protests) |
|
A person sent by one government to another to take messages or to take part in discussion |
Receiving end (At the receiving end, protests addressed to state agencies cannot be considered official) |
|
Form of communication on foreign policy, usually in written form |
To have no standing (At the receiving end, protests addressed to agencies other than the Foreign Office have no standing until they are referred to that office) |
|
To be authorized |
Emissary |
|
Honestly, frankly |
For reference to (Accredited diplomats may accept protests for reference to the home government) |
|
The most important |
To have full validity (Accredited diplomats may initiate protests which have full validity) |
|
To the attention of |
To repudiate (Accredited diplomats may initiate protests which have full validity unless repudiated by superiors) |
|
To express confidence, to say that something is certainly true |
To be in the nature of (As to its substance, a protest is in the nature of a complaint) |
|
To break or act against something, especially law, agreement, principle |
Executive decree |
|
Having legal force |
Utmost (Of utmost importance is the basis on which the protest is made) |
|
To refuse to accept something as true, good or reasonable |
To violate |
|
In the form of |
To assert (This action violates what is asserted to be universally accepted morality) |
|
An official statement issued by an executive body of a country |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Честно говоря, я не признаю неформальное общение.
Каждый гражданин, достигший 18 лет, имеет право избирать и быть избранным.
Получающая сторона подтвердила наличие всех копий документов.
Конвенция не является действительной, пока ее не ратифицировали страны-участники.
Иностранный секретарь вылетел в Китай в качестве эмиссара Премьер-министра.
Я принесла Вам этот договор для осведомления.
Исследование дает полное основание утверждению, что наркотики вызывают рак.
Проект нового гимна был отвергнут министром культуры.
За нарушение некоторых законов в Китае предусмотрена смертная казнь.
Он утверждает, что эта женщина украла у него деньги.
Grammar and syntax
1. While (whilst) часто имеет противопоставительное значение (в таком случае оно становится синонимичным whereas и переводится «в то время как»):
Some international bodies are eligible to sent and receive protests while private organizations or individuals cannot protest in the diplomatic sense of the word.
2. После глагола to imply («подразумевать») употребляется герундий а не инфинитив:
The communication must be transmitted through regular diplomatic channels. This usually implies a message going directly from one head of state to another.
3. Department of Commerce следует переводить как «Министерство торговли».
4. Слово ultimatum во мн. числе может принимать две формы: ultimatums и ultimata.
5. Выражение to rest on the grounds значит «основываться». После него может употребляться конструкция of + сущ. или that + придаточное предложение:
Of utmost importance is the basis on which the protest is made. It should rest on the grounds that the act or policy in question violates either positive international law or what is asserted to be universally accepted morality.
This interpretation rests on the grounds of context alone an does not take into account anything else.
6. Выражение (to do smth.) in a recognized way значит («делать что-то) законным/общепризнанным образом»:
Some international bodies are eligible to send and receive protests while private organizations or individuals cannot protest. in any recognized diplomatic way.
7. Выражение by way of синонимично through и переводится как «при посредстве», «с помощью»:
The message should proceed by way of the Foreign Office.
Translate
Граждане ЕС могут пересекать границы европейских стран и США в безвизовом режиме.
Такая серьезная система безопасности подразумевает наличие военного объекта.
Министерство экономического развития и торговли РФ – одно из самых больших по количественному составу.
После возобновления военных действий Ираку был предъявлен ультиматум.
Данная иерархия основывается на строгих принципах субординации.
Все протесты, направленные мировым судьям, будут рассматриваться законным образом.
Материалы конференции будут разосланы с помощью почтовой рассылки.
Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Diplomatic communications between states
1. Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What are the main form of written official communications between states?
What is the difference between a personal note and a verbal note?
What are the main component parts of most forms of diplomatic communications between states?
Which country presides in the European Union this year?
How many stars and stripes does the flag of the USA have?
Provide the definitions: Points: 10
The lowest ranking official of the diplomatic service;
A senior secretary at an embassy who, in the absence of the head of the mission, acts as “Charge d’Affaires”
A bag containing diplomatic mail;
A written communication to the secretary of state from a diplomatic or consular officer abroad;
A senior officer of the diplomatic corps.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Diplomatic documents relating to important international problems are never published. T F
A personal note is written in the first person of behalf of its signatory. T F
A verbal note is written in the third person and signed. T F
Memorandum is a detailed statement of facts. T F
Semi-official letters involve personal favors. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Addressee courtesy signatory verbal note aide-memoire memorandum intradepartmental personal note complimentary protocol formula
A considerable proportion of diplomatic documents are of purely ______________ nature. A _________ ________ takes the form of a letter drawn upon behalf of its ________________. A ___________ ________ is drawn up in the third person and is usually not signed. It begins and ends with a standard formula of ________. The purpose of transmitting an ____________ is to prevent the subject of personal conversation. The distinguishing feature of a ___________ is a detailed exposition of the legal aspects of a particular question. Included under the heading of “_____________ ________” are the proper titling of a person addresses, an expression of respect for the _________ at the beginning and the ________ phrase which concludes the document.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Имею честь сообщить Вам, что на время моего отсутствия Иванов, Советник Посольства, будет возглавлять посольство в качестве Временного Поверенного в делах Российской Федерации.
Прошу Вас, господин министр, принять заверения в моем высоком уважении.
Посольство РФ свидетельствует свое почтение министерству иностранных дел Испании и имеет честь подтвердить получение ноты Министерства за №5/1 от 20 апреля 2009 года.
Посольство благодарит за содержащуюся в ноте информацию об изменениях в Правительстве Испании.
Посольство пользуется этим случаем, чтобы возобновить Министерству уверения в своем самом высоком уважении.
Имею честь быть с величайшим уважением Вашего Превосходительства покорный слуга.
Остаюсь с искренним уважением, Сэр, Вашего Превосходительства покорный слуга.
Имею честь уведомить Вас о принятии Правительством Чехии Европейского соглашения о нераспространении американских систем ПРО в Европе.
В соответствии со статьей 15 Европейского соглашения сообщаю, что предложения о внесении поправок следует направлять по адресу:….
Прошу Вас, господин Генеральный секретарь, рассматривать данное письмо в качестве официального документа о принятии Российской Федерацией упомянутого выше соглашения.
Compose a personal or verbal note, e.G. Appointment of a new Attaché or Minister
(min. 150 words). Points: 25
Quiz. Diplomatic protest
______________ , he’s not a mathematician. He’s a physicist.
This country _______________________ accede to this treaty.
This agreement ________________ as the organization that concluded it had no legal right to do so.
Mr. Ambassador, this is a letter __________________ to your Government.
The Concordat __________________ by the US Government.
This instrument is of __________________ importance.
Poland signed the Convention ____________ China opted not to.
The request was sent _____________ the Ambassador.
This procedure ____________ the consul first referring it to his Government.
This agreement __________________ that any country has a right to
To have no standing
For reference to
To rest on the grounds
While
To repudiate
By way of
Utmost
To be eligible to
To imply
Strictly speaking
6.3. Other diplomatic acts
6.3.1 Agrément
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Agrément |
|
To ask for smb.’s opinion |
Appointee |
|
Depending on the situation |
To sound smb. (It is customary to sound a foreign government privately before making a formal application for agreement) |
|
Someone who has been chosen officially for a job |
To be obliged to do smth. (The receiving state is not obliged to give reason for a refusal of agrément) |
|
The approval of an ambassador or a minister by the government of receiving state |
As the case may be (The sending state may accredit a head of mission or assign any member of the diplomatic staff, as the case may be, to more than one state) |
|
To be forced to do smth. |
Ambassador-designate |
|
Profession |
Mortal (Ambassadors do not start their jobs like ordinary mortals) |
|
To treat someone badly, showing disrespect |
Walk(s) of life (Ambassadors do not start their jobs like ordinary mortals in less lofty walks of life) |
|
A diplomatic agent who has been appointed to office, approved by head of the receiving state but has not presented his credentials |
Eager (It is undignified to appear too eager to get down to work) |
|
Unable to continue living forever |
To range from … to … |
|
To let know quietly |
To accord ill treatment to (The nominee accorded ill treatment to the nationals of the receiving state) |
|
The process of determining whether the proposed diplomatic agent is acceptable by receiving state |
To intimate (It is not proper for one government to intimate in any way to another that the appointment of a particular person as ambassador would be agreeable to it) |
|
To account from… to …. |
Agréation |
|
Willing to do smth. |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Новый посол Российской Федерации в США получил сегодня агреман.
Этот человек – назначенец самого министра.
Прежде чем подписать соглашение, необходимо спросить согласия других сторон.
Мы не обязаны объяснять причины своего отсутствия.
В состав делегации в зависимости от ситуации могут входить представители различных партий.
Назначенный вчера Посол еще не вручил верительные грамоты.
Как и все смертные, я живу обычной жизнью.
У меня огромное желание начать проект прямо сейчас.
Флора и фауна Амазонки насчитывает от 1500 до 2000 редких представителей.
Новые миротворцы были плохо приняты правительством Ирака.
Процесс агреации в отношении этих дипломатов займет много времени.
GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX
1. Слово minister иногда значит не «министр», а «советник посольства»:
This government wishes to accredit a minister to another.
2. После глаголов влияния, приказа и рекомендации часто употребляется так называемая конструкция Subjunctive, выражаемая тремя способами:
Инфинитив без частицы to
Should + глагол
Past simple (was становится were)
Примеры:
It is necessary that the appointee should be approved by the government.
I insist that he become a teacher.
They demand that John be demoted.
I order that he were fired.
3. Выражение to give notification синонимично глаголу to notify («дать уведомление», «уведомить»). Выражение to give due notification значит «уведомить должным образом»:
The sending state may, after it has given due notification to the receiving state concerned, accredit a head of mission to more than one state.
4. Глагол to observe иногда употребляется не в значении «наблюдать», а в значении «соблюдать»:
There is a certain stylized, slow-motion pace that must be observed.
The rules must be observed.
5. Слово notice (сущ.) может употребляться в значении knowledge:
The nomination was made suddenly and without previous notice of the facts that the proposed envoy has made a speech critical of the receiving state.
TRANSLATE
Посольство США в России насчитывает около 10 советников.
Необходимо, чтобы работа была завершена к завтрашнему дню.
Получение дипломатической ноты должным образом заверяется.
В игре в гольф строго необходимо соблюдать правила игры.
Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Agreement
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What is the usual procedure of appointing an ambassador to another government?
What can be the reason for refusal of agrément?
What is the difference between agrément and agréation?
What kind of qualification (higher education) is required to become an ambassador?
What is the term for a general counsel service in a permanent mission abroad?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
Giving official authorization to or approval of;
The process of determining whether the proposed diplomatic envoy is acceptable to the receiving state;
The approval of an ambassador or a minister by the government of the receiving state;
A diplomatic agent accredited to no particular country;
A diplomatic agent, who has been appointed to office, approved by the head of receiving state but has not presented his credentials.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
When one government wishes to appoint an ambassador to the other government, it is necessary that the appointee should be approved by the government of the receiving state. T F
Ambassadors start their jobs like ordinary mortals. T F
Several months are allowed to elapse before the announcement of the appointment. T F
Agréation is the process of determining whether the proposed envoy is acceptable to the receiving state. T F
There have never been cases of a refusal of agrément. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Nomination approved to elapse ambassador refusal nominee appointment agréation appointee receiving
When one government wishes to appoint an __________ to the other government, it is necessary that the __________ should be approved by the government of the receiving state. Several weeks are allowed _________ before the announcement of the ___________. There have been numerous cases of a ___________ of agreement, e.g. the ________ was made suddenly or the __________ had accorded ill treatment to the nationals of the _____________ state. ____________ is the process of determining whether the proposed envoy is acceptable to the receiving state
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Посольство Российской Федерации свидетельствует свое уважение Министерству иностранных дел Испании и имеет честь по поручению своего Правительства просить агреман Правительства Испании на назначение Его Превосходительства Господина Иванова Чрезвычайным и Полномочным Послом Российской Федерации.
Посольство имеет честь препроводить при этом краткую биографическую справку на Господина Иванова.
Посольство пользуется этим случаем, чтобы возобновить Министерству уверения в своем самом высоком уважении.
Министерство иностранных дел Испании свидетельствует свое уважение Посольству Российской Федерации и имеет честь сообщить, что Правительство Испании согласно на назначение Его Превосходительства Господина Иванова Чрезвычайным и Полномочным Послом Российской Федерации.
Венская конвенция о дипломатических сношениях зафиксировала три класса глав дипломатических представительств: класс послов и нунциев, класс посланников и класс интернунциев.
Они аккредитуются при главах государств.
Класс поверенных в делах аккредитуется при министерствах иностранных дел.
Другим работникам дипломатической службы присваиваются дипломатические ранги.
В соответствии с учрежденными рангами в посольствах имеются следующие должности: посол, советник-посланник, советник, первый, второй, третий секретари и атташе.
Дипломатические ранги предопределяют старшинство среди дипломатов.
Compose an agrement, e.G. Approval of a new Ambassador or Minister. Points: 25 quiz. Agrement
Is he a private company employee? – No, he’s a(n) ____________ of the State.
You have to ______________ him first, before making an official request.
Why don’t you wanna marry me? – I ______________________ to answer that.
_____________ do not always understand plans of the Gods
I don’t know if the promotion has made him happy. He does not seem to be too ______________ to get down to work.
His area of expertise ________ math _______ chemistry.
He _____________ to me that he wants to propose to my sister.
When will he come? – Patience, you will know in ___ time.
In order to be a good electrician one must ______________ all regulations
Did you know that? – No, I had no ______________
Notice
To range from … to …
Eager
Appointee
To observe
To intimate
Due
To be obliged to do smth.
Mortal
To sound
6.3.2. Consular commission and exequatur
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
To be admitted to smth. (The consul was admitted to the exercise of his function by the receiving state yesterday) |
|
A document certifying the capacity of a consul |
To fall within smb.’s competence (The appointment of consular representatives falls within the competence of the department concerned with foreign affairs) |
|
Location |
Commission (The head of the consular post is provided by the sending state with a document in the form of a commission) |
|
To be let, allowed to do something |
To make out for (This instrument was made out specifically for this appointment) |
|
To be responsible |
Seat (The document should show his name, his rank and the seat of the consular post) |
|
To execute, to elaborate |
Exequatur |
|
To perform an official task |
To evidence (This term also applies to the formal instrument evidencing the official recognition of a consul by the receiving state) |
|
called |
To discharge functions (This document authorizes a diplomat to discharge the functions of his office) |
|
The official recognition of a consul by the Head of State of the country to which he is assigned |
Termed (Past Participle) (The head of a consular post is admitted to the exercise of his functions by an authorization termed an exequatur) |
|
To withdraw, to say officially that an agreement/law is no longer in effect |
To revoke smth. (The receiving state can revoke the exequatur at any time) |
|
To prove |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Мне разрешили зайти в комнату только по окончании переговоров.
Назначение ответственного секретаря попадает под ответственность Генерального Секретаря.
Россия выслала в посольство США документ, подтверждающий полномочия Генерального Консула.
Устав предприятия разработан в соответствии со строгим регламентом.
Укажите точный месторасположения постпредства в Лондоне.
Экзекватура дипломата подтверждена письменно принимающим государством.
Где подтверждение получения верительной ноты?
Данному ведомству необходима государственная поддержка в осуществлении проекта построения приютов для бездомных.
Какой термин обозначает официальное назначение посла?
Власти отозвали свое первоначальное решение о застройке острова.
Grammar and syntax
1. Перевод:
Letters patent, letters de provision - письмо-патент
2. Выражение «доказательство для кого-то» на английский язык переводится как evidence to (а не for):
This document serves as the evidence of his official character to the local authorities.
3. Глагол to be после whatever часто опускается:
The head of a consular post is admitted to the exercise of his function by an authorization from the receiving State, whatever the form of this authorization.
4. Shall с подлежащим не в первом лице ед. или мн. числа следует переводить как синоним глаголу must:
In any such case, the sending state shall withdraw the appointment.
Translate into English
Пожалуйста, распишитесь в получении письма-патента.
Данное уведомление является свидетельством Вашей регистрации на пост Президента.
Какова бы ни была погода, мы все равно пойдем в поход.
Вы должны воздержаться от голосования.
Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Consular commission and exequatur
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
Within whose competence is the appointment of consuls?
What is the name of an instrument certifying a person’s capacity and showing his full name, category and class?
What is the name of the official recognition of a Consul by the Head of State?
How many embassies and how many consulates can be located on the territory of a state?
What is necessary to obtain an entrance visa?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
An official recognition of a Consul by the Head of the receiving state;
A special written authorization from the head of state issued to a negotiator at a congress or conference;
A document allowing the holder to pass; permit;
A formal paper from the head of one state to the head of another accrediting an ambassador, minister or other diplomatic agent as one authorized to act for his government or head of state;
One who is not acceptable.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
The appointment of consuls falls within the competence of heads of state. T F
A consul is provided with a consular commission by the sending state. T F
The sending state transmits the consul’s commission by mail. T F
An official recognition of a Consul by the Head of the receiving state is called “exequatur”. T F
A State which refuses to grant an exequatur is not obliged to give to the sending state reasons for such refusal. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Commission appointed revoke exequatur sending instrument capacity exercise grant issued
Consuls are __________ by the sending state and are admitted to the ____________ of their functions by the receiving state. The ________ was revoked on the ground that the consular officer had published an objectionable letter. The head of a consular post is provided by _________ state with a document in the form of a __________ or similar ____________, certifying his ____________. The right of a receiving state to refuse to ______________ the exequatur or to ____________ after it has been ________________ is undisputed.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Глава консульского учреждения допускается к выполнению своих функций разрешением со стороны государства пребывания, называемым экзекватурой.
До выдачи экзекватуры глава консульского учреждения может быть временно допущен к выполнению своих функций.
Государство пребывания немедленно уведомляет об этом компетентные власти консульского округа.
Кроме того, государство обеспечивает принятие мер, необходимых для того, чтобы глава консульского учреждения мог исполнять обязанности по своей должности.
Если глава консульского учреждения не может выполнять свои функции или если должность главы консульского учреждения вакантна, его функции могут временно выполняться исполняющим обязанности главы консульского учреждения.
До назначения главы консульского учреждения представляемое государство испрашивает дипломатическим путем согласие государства пребывания на такое назначение.
После того, как получено такое согласие, дипломатическое представительство представляемого государства направляет министерству иностранных дел государства пребывания консульский патент.
В патенте указывается полное имя и фамилия главы консульского учреждения, его гражданство, ранг, консульский округ и местонахождение консульства.
По представлении патента о назначении главы консульского учреждения государство пребывания выдает ему экзекватуру.
Глава консульского учреждения может приступить к исполнению своих обязанностей после того, как государство пребывания выдаст ему экзекватуру.
6. Compose a consular exequatur, e.G. Approval of a new Ambassador or Minister. Points: 25 quiz. Consular comission and exequatur
Since he had had previous criminal record he ____ not ______________ to diplomatic work.
I don’t understand what ___ this document ______________ . What is its purpose?
This report _________________ the fact that he had been in Chile at that time.
Until a new Ambassador arrives, Mr. Jones ___________________________ .
You will receive an instrument in the form of a ______________________.
This document _______________________ “consular commission”.
The word ____________ literally means “let him discharge his duties”.
If your performance continues to decline, your privileges __________________________.
Should a flood occur, the company _____________ not be deemed responsible for any losses.
Is this your job? – No, it _____________________________
To be admitted to
Exequatur
To fall within one’s competence
To term
To make smth. out for
To discharge one’s functions
To term
To revoke
Commission
Shall
6.3.3. Letters of credence and letters of recall
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Letters of credence/recall |
|
Direction, course |
To ascertain (Please ascertain that he is persona grata) |
|
To give, to bestow |
Colloquially (These documents are called letters of credence or, colloquially, credentials) |
|
To ask the addressee to trust that (words, letters) of the messenger are official |
To confer smth. upon smb. (The letter conferred upon him the authority for his mission) |
|
To make sure |
Bearing of (These letters determine bearing of his appointment) |
|
Documents assigning/withdrawing a diplomat to/from a position in a foreign country |
To request faith and credence in smth. (This document requests faith and credit in his statements) |
|
In spoken language |
To carry smth. with smth. (The presentation of credentials does not carry with it recognition de jure of the local government) |
|
An official |
Reserves (The delivery of credentials can be accompanied by formal reserves specifying the character of the relations between both states) |
|
To visit |
To make known smth. to smb. (I made known to the Minister the date of his departure) |
|
To grant certain favors out of courtesy |
Incumbent |
|
To need |
To call on (You should call on him when you arrive) |
|
To make use of |
To call for (Her arrival does not call for any official ceremony) |
|
Denial to carry out certain provisions |
To show smb. (certain) attentions |
|
To inform |
To have recourse to … for … (He has recourse to the protocol service for all necessary information) |
|
To presume |
GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX
1. Перевод
Chargé d’affaires поверенный в делах
Copie d’usage заверенная копия
De jure де юре
De facto де факто
Incognito инкогнито
Dean of the diplomatic corps глава дипломатического корпуса
Diplomatic list список дипломатического корпуса
Provisional government временное правительство
2. Выражение on arrival следует переводить «по прибытии»:
These letters are delivered directly to the Minister of Foreign Affairs on arrival of the chargé d’affaires.
3. Выражение to bring to an end значит «прекращать», а to be brought to an end – «прекращаться»:
The mission of this agent has been brought to an end.
4. Выражение this is (always) the case in/with переводится со значением «всегда так», «это полностью относится к»:
Delivery of the credentials of the new head of mission should be preceded by the sending of the letters of recall of the agent whose mission has been brought to an end. These letters can be brought by the new diplomatic representative. This is always the case in the United Kingdom.
5. В условных предложениях первого типа возможна конструкция с should в той части предложения, которая определяет условие:
If he should come, call me!
Should the occasion arise, I’ll make her a visit.
6. As from/of + дата/час/день переводится как «начиная с»:
He takes rank on the diplomatic list as from the day and hour he presented his credentials.
As of tomorrow you are the new Director.
7. В предложении It is customary, however, for the local authorities to show him certain attentions, such as customs and frontier police facilities, слово facilities относится как к custom так и к frontier police и переводится как «льготы».
Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Letters of credence and letters of recall
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What is the usual practice of applying for agrément?
When is the appointment of a diplomatic envoy become public?
What is the “true copy” of the credentials?
What is UNICEF?
What privileges can a diplomatic agent (ambassador, counselor) have abroad?
Provide the definitions: Points: 10
A formal paper from the head of one state to the head of another accrediting an ambassador, minister or other diplomatic agent as one authorized to act for his government or head of state;
A diplomatic representative inferior in rank to an ambassador or minister who is sent to another country and accredited to the minister for foreign affairs;
A formal paper from the head of one state to the head of another recalling an ambassador, minister or other diplomatic agent;
The residence of a diplomatic body headed by an ambassador;
A papal permanent representative in another country.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
The request for agrément is presented through the head of mission of the receiving state. T F
The new head of mission is provided by the government with letters de cabinet. T F
Before the arrival of a head of mission the charge d’affaires informs the Minister for Foreign Affairs about the date and hour of arrival. T F
There must be a big official ceremony to greet a head of mission. T F
In Great Britain letters of recall of a former head of the mission are brought by the new diplomatic representative. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Preceded incognito credence copy delivered recall de jure provisional
sealed Mission
A new head of ________ is provided by the Government with letters of ____________. These letters are placed in an envelope _________ with wax. A true _______ is added which must be _________ by the head of mission at the time of his arrival.
In most states, the presentation of credentials implies recognition _________ of a ____________ government.
The new agent must be considered _______ until he presents his credentials to the head of state.
Delivery of credentials of the new head of mission should be _______ by the sending of letters of _______.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Посол или министр при назначении на должность получает верительные грамоты.
Глава представительства считается приступившим к выполнению своих обязанностей, когда он вручил верительные грамоты принимающему государству.
Порядок вручения верительных грамот определяется датой и временем прибытия главы представительства.
Письма, адресованные президентами республик суверенам могут быть в форме верительных грамот, отзывных грамот, ответных писем на отзывные грамоты.
В Объединенном Королевстве форма верительной грамоты не отличается от любого другого типа формального королевского письма.
В современной практике не принято, чтобы посол, уходя в отставку со своего поста, вручал отзывные грамоты лично.
Чтобы не попасть в неловкую ситуацию, назначенный новый посол должен быть уверен, что его предшественник уже вручил отзывную грамоту.
Аккредитуя гражданина Иванова данной верительной грамотой, мы просим Вас, Ваше Высочество, принять его с благосклонностью.
Мы просим Вас, Ваше Королевское Высочество, полностью верить всему тому, что он будет иметь честь излагать Вам от имени нашего Правительства.
Верительные грамоты должны открываться главой государства во время их вручения.
6. Compose a letter of credence/recall. Address it to the King/Queen (min 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Letters of credence and letters of recall
Before inviting him you need _____________________ that he’s in the country.
This equipment is __________________ known as “gear”.
This will determine ________________________ of this program.
The document was accompanied by formal ____________ specifying the character of the relations between both states.
Will you please _____________________ her that I won’t be coming.
I got accepted by the University! – Brilliant! This ______________________ a party!
He took rank on the _______________________ as of yesterday.
The visit _____________________ when the Ambassador got sick.
Pets should not be left alone for long period of time. _______________________ dogs
___________ receive a letter from him, inform me.
To ascertain
Colloquially
Bearing of
To (always) be the case
Reserves)
Should
To make known smth. to smb.
To call for
Diplomatic list
To bring to an end
6.3.4. Full powers
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
Full powers |
|
To give, to grant |
To depute smb. to do smth. (The agent was deputed to take part in a congress) |
|
To begin |
To consume + time in –ing (In the 18th century weeks and months were consumed in travelling from one capital to another) |
|
To be sent to, to be given a task to |
To do smth. within the limits of smth. (He acted within the limits of his authority) |
|
Created for a specific purpose |
To invest smb. with (Today a full power invests the agent with power to negotiate and sign the treaty) |
|
An official document granting its holder the right to officially speak in the name of his principal |
To enter upon (a task/negotiations) |
|
To take (+ time) to do smth. |
Ad hoc (Full powers issued ad hoc/an ad hoc committee) |
|
According to, not abusing |
To ascribe smth. to smth./smb. (Different treaties have different degrees of importance ascribed to them) |
|
Head, boss, monarch, sender |
Obsolete (This theory became obsolete 10 years ago) |
|
From/by |
Principal (This agent’s principal is the King of Spain) |
|
The act of handing smth. over |
Recipient (A full power invested its recipient with power to bind his monarch) |
|
To attribute |
Submission of smth. for smth. (When the representatives begin their work, the first step is the mutual submission of their full powers for verification) |
|
Old, impossible to use |
On the part of (You have to make sure the agent is issued with the authority on the part of the state he represents) |
|
Receiver |
Grammar and syntax
1. В данном тексте выражение mode of communication можно переводить как «средство передвижения»:
There was no mode of communication faster than a horse.
2. В предложении … except in those cases where the signing of a treaty alone suffices for this purpose, слово alone относится к signing, а не к treaty. Его следует переводить как «сам/а/о по себе».
3. В предложение It would be useless to enter upon negotiations without this assurance that the representatives …, слово this не следует переводить вообще.
4. Выражение settled practice следует переводить как «принятая/обычная практика»:
The full powers vary greatly in form, according to the particular constitution or the settled practice of the country which issues them.
5. Выражение the essential feature of smth. is that эквивалентно модели it is essential that smth. should:
The essential feature of all such documents is that they should show by their terms that the representative to whom they are issued is invested with all necessary authority.
6. Слово pending иногда употребляется в постпозиции, т.е. определяет предыдущее слово:
He is invested with all necessary authority to take part in the negotiations pending.
Test. Diplomatic correspondence. Full powers
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What is a full power?
When does a diplomatic agent require a full power from the head of the state?
Who performs the duty of verification of full powers?
Which form could a full power have an ancient and medieval times?
What is the Presidency term in the Russian Federation?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
The act by which a nation becomes a party to a treaty;
Special, for special occasion;
A special written authorization from the head of state issued to a negotiator at a congress of conference entitling him to conduct negotiations or to sign a treaty on the part of the state concerned;
Approval of a treaty by a formal confirmation, signature;
An envoy or a minister, one officially representing the Pope.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
A full power is given to a diplomatic agent by the head of state. T F
Full powers to ratify a treaty are nowadays obligatory. T F
A full power does not invest the agent with power to negotiate and to sign a treaty. T F
It is obligatory to verify full powers when the representatives of negotiating states start their tasks. T F
The full powers have one single form. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Agent verification entrusted conclusion recipient power principal negotiating submission authority
A diplomatic ________ to whom a particular negotiation is __________ before the __________ of a treaty requires a special authorization, called a full _________, from the head of state that he represents. A full power invested its ____________ with power to bind his __________, provided that he acted within the limits of his ____________. When the representatives of the ______________ states enter upon their task, the first step is the mutual __________ of their full powers for _____________.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
От нашего имени считать верным все, что будет таким образом договорено и заключено.
Дипломатический представитель наделен полномочиями, выданными высокими договаривающимися сторонами.
Полномочия, выданные для данного случая, истекают по мере заключения договора.
Представителю ООН был вручен документ, направленный на достижение указанной выше цели
Министры, комиссары и уполномоченные облечены подобными и властью вести переговоры от лица Президента .
Подписано в городе Париже этого двадцатого дня мая в год две тысячи девятый.
Господин Иванов наделяется полномочиями подписывать документы и вести все переговоры.
В удостоверение чего я приказал приложить к этому документу Печать Соединенных Штатов Америки.
Сим Я удостоверяю, что настоящая доверенность выдана Чрезвычайному и Уполномоченному Послу Российской Федерации.
Господин Иванов настоящим документом наименован, определен, и назначен Уполномоченным и Представительным, обладающим полномочием и властью.
6. Compose a full power delegating a Minister of your state to conclude a treaty on diplomatic/economic relations (min 150 words). Points: 25 quiz. Full powers
He was ______________ to negotiate on behalf of his government.
Two months _______________ in reaching the destination.
He did not act within the _______________ of his authority.
This document _______________ me with power to bind my principal.
He ________________ upon the task yesterday.
Some observes did not _____________ any importance to this Concordat.
So no one uses this machine any more? – Yes, it is completely __________________ .
The mutual _____________________ of full powers will take place tomorrow
How should we address him? – The _______________ practice requires us to use the term “Your Excellency”.
He does not have the necessary authority to take part in the negotiations _____________.
To enter
To ascribe
To invest
Submission
Settled
Pending
Obsolete
To depute
To consume
Limits
UNIT 7. WORLD ECONOMY AND TRADE
Global economic cooperation
Foreign trade
7.1. Soon after WWII many of the political and economical barriers were removed to create new opportunities for business to seize and threats to combat. Since 1950s, the costs of international transportation and communication have been drastically reduced, making it easier to conduct business abroad.
The profound changes in the world economy in recent years have brought prosperity to many parts of the world. Countries achieve greater total wealth by devoting more resources to their most productive industries.
The forces and pressures of economic life can pull nations together or they can drive them apart. One of the greatest challenges of the new times is to realize the possibilities of genuine cooperation to the maximum extent that the world’s material and financial resources and capacities will permit. Lasting and durable peace will necessarily require an improvement in the living standards of people worldwide.
The global internationalization of business has given rise to new economic agreements aimed at promoting further cooperation on the European and international level.
7.2. International trade is the system by which countries exchange goods and services. Countries trade with each other to obtain things that are of better quality, less expensive or simply different. The gain from international trade enables resources in each trading nation to be allocated to their most productive uses.
Most international trade consists of the purchase and sale of industrial equipment, consumer goods, oil and agricultural products. Trade has long been considered a primary instrument for development. It has also a social impact by bringing isolated cultures into contact with new ideas, technologies and goods.
In the course of historical development one can observe recurrent swings in commercial policy of different countries: from protection towards free trade, and back toward protection. All governments regulate foreign trade and practice protectionism to some extent. Advocates of protectionism believe that governments must take actions to regulate trade and subsidize industries to protect the domestic economy.
In order to examine a country’s position in international trade it is useful to consult the balance of trade and the balance of payments. A “favorable” merchandise balance of trade, or trade surplus, occurs when a country’s exports exceed its imports. A “negative” balance, or trade deficit, occurs when a country’s imports exceed its exports.
The complete summary of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world is called the balance of payments. It is separates into two main accounts: the current account and the capital account.
The diversification of the types of goods exported has been the hallmark of the world trade for the past several decades. When companies start to export they face similar problems: the laws, languages and customs of most overseas markets are likely to be unfamiliar. Fluctuations in the exchange rate are an added hazard, creating uncertainty about the value exporters finally receive. Export documents are necessary for the movement of goods, for invoicing the customer, for receiving payments for the goods delivered.
7.1. Global economic cooperation
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
To seize an opportunity |
|
A marked effect or influence |
To combat a threat |
|
To a certain degree |
To drastically reduce smth. (Since 1950 the cost if international transportation has been drastically reduced) |
|
To use, accept or take advantage/opportunity quickly or enthusiastically |
Wage(s) |
|
To take action to reduce or prevent (something bad or undesirable) |
Impact (The impact of events taking place in New York, Washington or Chicago is felt around the globe) |
|
To diminish/cut on a large scale |
To a certain extent (The countries have to work more closely together and, to a certain extent, rely on each other) |
|
A fixed regular payment earned for work or services, typically paid on a daily or weekly basis. Salary. |
Prosperity |
|
A dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation |
Profound (The profound changes in the world economy have brought prosperity to many parts of the world) |
|
Cooperate in a task or undertaking/split, move away |
To deteriorate (The economic position of many countries have been deteriorating for some time) |
|
Electric services which are used by public (electricity supply) |
Plight (The financial and economic plight of these countries has become a matter of world public concern) |
|
A set of instructions to be followed |
Electric utilities |
|
Sincere |
To pull together/to drive apart |
|
Wealth; a condition in which a person or community is doing well financially. |
Genuine (One of the greatest challenges of the new times is to realize the possibilities of genuine cooperation) |
|
To become progressively worse |
Pattern (This can only be achieved through productive patterns of interaction) |
|
Very great or intense |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Во время краткого перемирия Стороны использовали удобный момент для подписания договора.
Современный мир борется с угрозой массового терроризма.
За последние годы количество богатых людей резко уменьшилось.
Зарплата банковского служащего составляет 15 000 руб. в неделю.
Политические и экономические меры, принятые новым губернатором, возымели воздействие на население.
В определенном смысле эта работа гениальна.
Процветание нации – суть идеологии западных государств.
Глобальное потепление произвело огромный эффект на климат в нашей стране.
Экономика пост- советского пространства пришла в упадок очень быстро при отсутствии государственных заказов.
Экономическая ситуация в стране на 2011 год намного хуже, чем ожидалось.
Директор пригласил специалиста, чтобы тот сделал отделение более сплочённым.
Он незауряден во многих отношениях и совершенно искренен.
В Индокитае были опровергнуты все прежние закономерности (модели) американского участия в мировых делах.
Grammar and syntax
1. Soon after WWII there arose an urgent need to promote good international relations.
2. В модели ADJ + NOUN + FOR + NOUN + INF подлежащим инфинитива является существительное после FOR:
This is a good book for you to read – Тебе полезно прочесть эту книгу.
The removal of barriers created new opportunities for business to seize.
3. Иногда слова matter можно перевести как «причина»:
The financial and economic plight of these countries has become a matter of world public concern.
4. Выражение lasting and durable peace следует переводить как «долгий и прочный мир»:
Lasting and durable peace will necessarily require an improvement in the living standards of people worldwide.
5. Слово further в предложении, данном ниже, следует переводить как «дальнейшее»:
These are successful models for further cooperation.
6. Слово minerals часто означает «(полезные) ископаемые»:
Some countries have natural advantages, such as abundant minerals.
7. Выражение just as, соединяющее два предложения, обычно переводится как «(совершенно точно) так же, как»:
Events in Tokyo may have a direct effect on the everyday lives of Americans, just as the impact of events taking place in New York is felt around the globe.
Translate into English
Какова причина Вашего отсутствия на заседании Совета Директоров?
Тебе нужно следовать за желтым фургоном.
Для дальнейшего сотрудничества сторонам необходимо подписать договор.
Вестфальский договор принес долгий и прочный мир в ослабленную войнами Европу.
Как ты увлекаешься бодибилдингом, с таким же успехом можно начать заниматься пилатесом.
Quiz. Global economic cooperation
I want __________________ this opportunity!
The prices were ________________ reduced after the crisis.
Despite the fact that I’ve been working here for 3 years, my ________ is still the same.
The ______________ of his speech was enormous.
We need to work hard to achieve _________________ for our country.
__________ changes have taken place in the last 50 years.
Ever since the war the relations between the two countries have been ________________ .
Is this a ________________ leather wallet?
Only with this agreement will we have ________________ peace.
________ cooperation between our companies is impossible.
Prosperity
Profound
Drastically
Wage
Impact
To deteriorate
Lasting
Further
To seize
Genuine
Test. World Economy and Trade. Global Economic Cooperation
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
What happened to the global economy in 1950?
What does interdependence mean?
Which resources do countries use to become wealthier?
Which country do you think is the wealthiest in the world?
What are the consequences of the current global economic crisis?
Provide the definitions: Points: 10
The ability to receive or contain;
Something that by its nature or character serves as a serious test;
To be of interest or importance to; affect; involve;
The right, power or authority to administer justice by hearing and determining controversies;
A proposal or bid to give or pay something.
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Since 1950s, the cost of international transportation and communications have been drastically increased. T F
Interdependence causes affection of prices, wages and employment in different countries. T F
Countries achieve economic wealth by devoting more resources to all industries. T F
Global economic cooperation has been expanding rapidly in recent years. T F
The growing internationalization of business has given rise to new economic agreements. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words and word expressions into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Bearing in mind assembly considering that benefit adoption promote applies adopted contribute determining
The States Parties to this Convention, ___________________________ the broad objectives in the resolutions ________ by the sixth session of the General ________ of the UN,
___________________________ the development of international trade on the basis of mutual __________ is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States,
Being of opinion that the __________ of uniform rules would ___________ to the removal of legal barriers in international trade and ________ the development of international trade,
Have agreed as follows:
1. This Convention __________ to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States;
2. Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil character of the parties is to be taken into consideration in ________ the application of this Convention.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Предложение о заключении договора одному или нескольким лицам является офертой.
Предложение является определенным, если в нем обозначен товар и прямо или косвенно устанавливаются количество и цена.
Предложение, адресованное неопределенному кругу лиц, рассматривается лишь как приглашение делать оферты.
Оферта вступает в силу, когда она получена адресатом.
Оферта, даже когда она является безотзывной, может быть отменена оферентом.
Пока договор не заключен, оферта может быть отозвана оферентом.
Заявление адресата оферты, выражающее согласие с офертой, является акцептом.
Молчание или бездействие не являются акцептом.
Генеральная Ассамблея ООН призвала страны заключать договора об экономическом сотрудничестве на основе равенства и взаимной выгоды.
Создание международных правовых институтов способствует устранению правовых барьеров в международной торговле.
Compose an agreement on trade/memorandum of understanding between Mozambique and Russia (min 150 words). Points: 25
7.2. Foreign trade
Vocabulary
Match the meanings of the left column with that of the right one and find the translation
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE TEXT |
RUSSIAN TRANSLATION (DETERMINE ON YOUR OWN) |
ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
To evolve (Human societies evolved from the Stone Age to the present by exchanging or trading ideas and technologies) |
|
Leading, the most important factor |
To obtain (Countries trade with each other to obtain things that are of better quality than the goods produced at home) |
|
To provide or serve as a satisfactory explanation for |
Gain (The gain from international trade has been steadily increasing) |
|
To develop gradually |
To enable smth. to do smth. (The gain from international trade enables resources to be allocated to their most productive uses) |
|
To benefit, to secure |
To account for (Services such as banking, insurance , etc., account for about one-fifth of all the world export) |
|
To receive, to get, to obtain |
Primary vehicle (The trade was recognized as a primary vehicle for development) |
|
To make smb. or smth. possible |
Protection (Some countries practice protection and some – free trade) |
|
A distinctive feature |
Recurrent swings (In the course of historical development, one can observe recurrent swings in commercial policies of different countries) |
|
To send a list of goods sent or services provided, with a statement of the sum due for these; a bill |
Advocate (Advocates of protectionism believe that governments must take actions to regulate trade) |
|
To pay (a financial claim or obligation) on a certain date |
Hallmark (The diversification of exported goods has been the hallmark of world trade in the past decades) |
|
A legal or other formal measure intended to preserve civil liberties and rights |
To meet (delivery) dates |
|
Actions or turns occurring often or repeatedly |
To invoice smb. |
|
A person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy |
Please translate using words and expressions from the left column of the table
Некоторые люди по-прежнему не верят, что человек произошёл от обезьяны.
Я взобрался выше, чтобы получше рассмотреть окрестности.
Гипермаркеты получают выгоду от больших объемов продаж.
Закон о свободных экономических зонах дает возможность регионам развиваться по собственной экономической схеме.
Расходы на социальное обеспечение составляют 1/3 расходов федеральной казны.
Торговля признана первостепенным фактором в развитии рыночных отношений.
Политика протекционизма была свойственна во время руководства Великобританией Маргарет Тэтчер.
Повторяющиеся с определенной периодичностью всплески финансовой активности свойственны всем биржам.
Он никогда не пропагандировал насилия, никогда не прибегал к провокациям.
Отличительная черта глобализации экономики – стирание торговых границ между государствами.
Все поставщики обязаны соблюдать сроки поставки груза.
Наша компания выставит Вам счет через 2 дня.
Grammar and syntax
United Nations Conference
on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Конференция ООН по торговле и развитию
Balance of trade баланс внешней торговли
Balance of payments платежный баланс
Merchandize trade balance торговый баланс
Trade surplus превышение стоимости экспорта над стоимостью
импорта, активный торговый баланс
Trade deficit превышение стоимости импорта над стоимостью
экспорта, дефицит торгового баланса
Balance of payments платежный баланс
Current account текущий расчетный счет
Capital account счет капитальных активов (счет накоплений)
Stocks акции
Bonds облигации/гарантии
Real estate недвижимость
Most- favored-nation clause оговорка о наиболее благоприятствуемой нации
Knowledge-intensive goods наукоемкие товары
To minimize costs уменьшать (минимизировать) затраты
Added hazard дополнительный риск/помеха
Exchange rate курс валют
Foreign exchange иностранная валюта
Translate into English
Ваш текущий счет в евро или долларах?
Конференция ООН по торговле состоится не ранее февраля следующего года.
Торговый дефицит в Советском Союзе выражался в отсутствии товаров импортных категорий в магазинах.
Недвижимость в Европе выросла в цене после того, как русские начали в массовом порядке скупать виллы, апартаменты и землю.
Курс валют колеблется в пределах 1-2 рублей за основные валюты.
Наша компания приобрела 1 000 облигаций Сбербанка.
Мы должны сократить персонал, чтобы уменьшить расходы компании.
Какими акциями сегодня играют на рынке?
Вооруженные налеты бандитов создают дополнительные риски для ведения бизнеса в этой стране.
На международной конференции в науко-граде Сколково говорили о необходимости расширенного производства наукоемких товаров.
Quiz. Foreign trade
Computers have _______________ in an unbelievable manner in the last 30 years.
They did not _______________ his agreement.
The _____________ from the treaty was obvious: tariffs became much lower.
This will _______________ this country to better regulate trade.
This explanation does not __________________ for his behavior
The _____________________ for development of this country were trade reforms made 10 years ago.
__________________ of free trade consider protectionism an outdated means to regulate economy.
In the course of historical development, one can observe ______________________ swings in commercial policies of different countries.
We are not going to pay his as he did not ________________ the delivery date.
He doesn’t know how much to pay! – Of course, since you didn’t _____________ him.
To enable
Gain
Primary vehicle
Advocate
To invoice
To account
To evolve
Recurrent
To meet
To obtain
Test. World Economy and Trade. Foreign trade
Lexis. Answer the questions: Points: 10
How do countries benefit from international trade?
What do countries usually sell and purchase?
What has been considered as a primary instrument for development?
How many per cents (approximately) does the import of foreign goods into Russia take?
What are the major imported goods?
2. Provide the definitions: Points: 10
To bring in from a foreign country;
To ship to other countries;
Goods bought and sold; commodities;
A schedule or system of duties imposed by a government on imports or exports;
Shifting back and forth, up and down (esp. currency)
3. Provide the answer true or false Points: 15
Countries trade with each other to obtain the same things they produce at home. T F
The gain from international trade enables resources in each trading nation to be allocated to their most productive uses. T F
International trade purchases and sells mostly industrial equipment and oil. T F
Trade helps nations to get into social contact with each other. T F
Banking, insurance, transportation, telecommunications and tourism make 1/5 of all world exports. T F
4. Fill in the blanks. Put the words into correct tense form where necessary Points: 20
Oversees effected value alteration concluded shipment transfer referred hereinafter delivery
Porto Maltese Company, Spain, hereinafter __________ to as the Buyer, on the one hand, and Dulce Leche Company, __________ referred to as the Seller, on the other hand, have __________ the Present Contract on the following:
I. Subject of the Contract
The Seller has sold and the Buyer has bought the ________ as per specification attached.
II. Price and Total ___________ of the Contract
The total value of the Contract is 50,000 euro.
Prices for the goods delivered include packing for ______ shipment, _________ and marking.
Prices are firm and not subject to any __________ during the whole period of the Contract.
III. Terms of Payment
Payment shall be __________ in Euro within 90 days after the date of ____________. Payment shall be made by bank ________.
5. Translate from Russian into English Points: 20
Настоящий контракт вступает в силу с момента его подписания обеими сторонами.
Настоящий контракт действует до момента полного выполнения сторонами своих обязательств.
Контракт, может быть, расторгнут досрочно по согласию сторон.
Контракт, может быть, расторгнут одной стороной вследствие нарушения условий контракта другой стороной.
В таком случае к виновной стороне применяются штрафные санкции.
Штрафные санкции оговорены в статьях 6 и 7 настоящего контракта.
Контракт может быть продлен по просьбе Заказчика.
Продление контракта, условия и срок продления должны быть оговорены в отдельном контракте.
Настоящий контракт составлен на английском и русском языках, имеющих равную аутентичность.
Hастоящий контракт подписан в городе Мадриде 10 мая 2009 года.
6. Compose a contract between a Russian and foreign company (e.G. Purchase of steel/oil/stocks) (min 150 words). Points: 25
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
Обобщение материала.
По окончании изучения пособия и отработки грамматического, лексического и синтаксического материала, активный словарь учащегося пополнится примерно на 500 новых терминов и идиоматических выражений, а синтактико-грамматические знания расширятся на 24 разобранных в учебнике мини-тем. Именно этот материал и является лексическим и синтаксическим минимумом студента специальности «Международные отношения».
Также, в упражнениях по переводу учащиеся освежат в памяти изученные ранее грамматические и лексические конструкции. Различные форматы работы с материалом будут способствовать запоминанию и дальнейшему удержанию материала в памяти.
Основные выводы.
Материал, представленный в пособии, испытывался в течение двух лет на студентах дневного и вечернего отделений, у которых английский был как первым, так и вторым изучаемым языком. В общей сложности, пособие полностью прошли 8 групп студентов. Следует отметить искреннюю заинтересованность учащихся, их готовность усваивать представленные темы и довольно высокую степень удержания материала.
Рекомендации по обучению.
Рекомендуется активное совмещение пособия с работой по основному учебнику (Борисенко-Евтушенко)
Фразы (мини-диалоги), данные в двух сопоставительных таблицах в каждой главе, а также предложения-примеры после каждой грамматической мини-темы рекомендуется заучивать наизусть
При изучении материала главы рекомендуется давать две мини-контрольные (типа multiple-choice или fill-in-the-blanks) на главу
Для группы второго (английского) языка пособие рекомендуется пройти за 3 семестра, для группы первого языка – за два.
Рекомендации действий после отработки пособия
Пройдя пособие, студенты приступают к изучению конкретных дипломатических документов, описанных в каждом пройденном тексте учебника. Поскольку студенты уже привыкли к подаче материала в виде таблиц и мини-тем, в следующем семестре представляется целесообразным сохранить этот формат.
Перед переводом дипломатических документов (также данных в учебнике Борисенко-Евтушенко) рекомендуется быстрое повторение соответствующей темы прошлых семестров.
В качестве пособия на следующий семестр/семестры, мы рекомендуем:
Борисенко И.И., Евтушенко Л.И. Английский язык в международных документах. Москва. Айрис Пресс. 2007 г., как основной учебник
Муратов Э.Н. Консульские документы и переписка. Москва, МГИМО. 2003, как дополнительный учебник.