13. Мама вошла в комнату и сказала, что ребенок заснул.
14. Я тоже не знал, что вы заняты.
15. Он сказал, что купил свой костюм на Тверской улице , но не помнит , где именно.
16. Он пообещал детям, что расскажет им еще одну историю, когда вернется .
17. Он открыл дверь и спросил одного из нас, когда закончится собрание и где он нас найдет, когда оно закончится.
18. Он спросил нас, сколько нам надо времени, чтобы добраться туда и когда мы вернемся.
19. Он ответил, что в 10 часов уже спал и не слышал шума.
20. Он предупредил (to warn smb.) меня, что останется на работе допоздна.
IV. Comparative structures.
Pets for sale.
Kittens 30$ Rabbits 20$ Tortoise 100$
Guinea pigs 20$
The rabbits aren’t as expensive as the kitten. The tortoise is much more expensive than the other animals.
1. То say that two things have the same quality we use as + adjective + as:
ТЬе guinea pigs are as expensive as the rabblts.
The rabblts are as exeensive as the guinea pigs .
When comparison implies multiplication(division), the following constraction is used.
twice as … as
three times as….as
several times as….as
half as ….as
The guinea pigs are five times as expensive as the tortoise.
My house is twice as big as yours.
or: He is half my age.
The room is half the size.
The box is half the weight.
To describe a difference in quality we can use not as+adjective+as:
The guinea pigs aren’t as expensive as the kittens.
The kittens aren’t as cheap as the guinea pigs.
If there is а big difference, we can use not nearly as + adjective + as:
I'т not nearly as clever as ту brother. (= He's much cleverer than me.)
If there is а small difference, we can use alтost as/not quite as + adjective + as:
Му house is almost as Ьig as yours. = Му house isn't quite as Ьig as yours. (slightly smaller)
2. the same (as) and different from
We use the sаmе (as) when two things are equal:
Тhе price of the rabblts and the guinea pigs is the same. Тhеу both cost €20. Mikal's тotorblke is the same as тiпе. We both have Honda 250s.
We use siтilar (to) when something is nearly the same:
Indian elephants are similar to African elephants, but they're а bit sтaller.
The opposite of the sате as is different froт . We can also use different to, but it is less common: Тigers are different from Ieopards. Tigers are тисh Ьigger.
We use nouns and pronouns after the sате (as), siтilar (to) and different (froт),
Not adjectives:
They are the same price.
Му brother and I are different heights.
Making comparisons stronger ог weaker.
We can make comparisons stronger with тисh, а lot and far:
The tortoise is much more expensive than the other aniтals.
New York is а lot bigger than Paris.
We can make comparisons weaker with а Ьit, slightly or а little:
The rabblts are slightly cheaper than the kittens.
Му sister is а bit younger than те.
We can make superlatives stronger with Ьу far. It means there is а Ьig difference:
Fredrik is bу far the tallest student in our class. (= He's much taller than all the others.)
We can make superlatives weaker with опе of or атопg:
This is опе of the best hospitals in the country. (Only а few hospitals may bе better.)
Julie is among the cleverest of our students.
4. We use the …the (with two comparatives) to say that one thing depends on the other.
The warmer the weather the better I feel.
What time shall we leave? The sooner the better.
Exercise 87. Translate into Russian and comment on the degree of comparison.
His brother is four years older than he.
2. His brother is twice as old as he is.
3. A qualified typist gets nearly twice as much as an unskilled one.
4. An unskilled typist gets half as much as a qualified one.
5.The directors secretary gets half as much as her boss.
6. The director receives half as much as his secretary.
7. I can lift a weight thrice as heavy.
8. The square is a little longer than it is wide.
9. The square is five times as long as (it is) wide.
10. His apartment is five times the size of mine (five times as large as mine).
11. How much larger is his apartment than yours (in comparison with yours)?
12. How many times is this line as long as (is the size of) that one?
13. Thirty is three times ten, so it is three times as much (as big, as large) as ten.
14. How much (how many times) is thirty as large as ten?
15. How (by how) many miles is this road longer than that?
Exercise 88. Paraphrase to clarify the meaning of the words in bold type.
His English is now a great deal better than before.
The more you learn, the less you remember.
The situation is far worse than you think.
The patient is none the better for all the doctors are doing.
It was a most unhappy incident.
Your version is no better than his.
I see you already know everything; well, so much the better.
If you persist, it will be the worse for you.
The world-known artist died in bitterest poverty.
I think it is safest to cross here.
Exercise 89. Complete the given phrases.
1. The sooner, ....
2. The longer the day (is), ... .
3. The more we learn, ....
4. The more expensive the wedding, ....
5. The later . one goes to bed, ... .
6. The better the idea,....
7. The sunnier the weather, ....
8. The more knowledge you get, ....
9. The less chocolate you eat, ....
10.The more kids you have, ....
11. The smarter a person is, ....
12. The longer we study English, ....
Exercise 90. Choose the best answer, А or В.
1. Your sunglasses are similar to mine.
А They are exactly the sаmе.
B. They are almost the sаmе.
Jackie isn't as friendly as Lucy.
А Lucy is friendlier than Jackie .
В Jackie is friendlier than Lucy.
This bed is as comfortable as my old one.
My old bed was more comfortable.
The beds are both comfortable.
Ana isn't nearly as rich as Susie.
А Susie is much richer than Ana.
В Susie is а little richer than Ana .
5. Our ТV is almost as big as Michael 's.
А Michael's TV is а little bigger than ours.
В Michael's TV is much bigger than ours.
6. I had one of the best ехаm results in the school.
А Nobody had а better result.
В One or two people had а better result.
Exercise 91. The words in italics are missing from the text. Put them in the correct position.
lot of far to froт not тоrе
Television viewers аге sometimes surprised to learn that natural history programmes аге often а
more popular than soap operas ог films . One the most famous presenters is David Attenborough . Не has been making programmes about nature since the 1960s.
ln those days Jacques Cousteau was bу the most famous ТV presenter of nature programmes .
Although Cousteau only made programmes about life in the sea, his style of presenting was similar Attenborough's - they both seem like friendly uncles who really love nature.
Of course, today's programmes аге different those of fifty years ago. ln those days cameras were
nearly as small and light as they аге now. Today the technology is much advanced and there аге digital special effects which can help us understand the complexity of the natural world .
Exercise 92. Complete the second sentence so it means the same as the first, using the words in brackets.
1. Lions are stronger than tigers. (aren't)
Тigers…………………………... lions.
I’m not as old as mу sister. (than)
Му sister . ................................................. ...
Our cat is slightly smaller than Daniel's. (quite)
Our cat isn't .......................................... . ......... Daniel 's.
Look, Melanie's dress is really similar to your mother's. (sаmе)
Look, Melanie's dress .... . ...... . ..................................... ... your mother's.
Nokia phones are not the same as Motorola ones. (from)
Nokia phones .................... .......... . .................. . .. Motorola ones.
6. The Metropole is much more expensive than any other hotel in our town. (far)
The Metropole is .................. ................. . .......... ...... hotel in our town.
6 Prices aren't quite as low as they used to be. (bit)
Prices are .. .................................................. they used to be.
Exercise 93. Complete these sentences using the comparative of the words in brackets (+than).
You look ………you were last year. Have you lost weight? (thin)
You won’t believe it but he is …….. his sister. (talkative)
I usually buy vegetables at the market. It’s much …… .(cheap)
The problem is not so difficult. lt's ………..you think. (simple)
She looks like her mother but 1 think she is even ·……….. (beautiful) ·
Health and happiness are ……. money (important) · -
I prefer this armchair; lt is ………. (comfortable) ·'
My toothache is ……..it was yesterday. (painful)
This flat is too small. I need something……. .(big)
His sons are ……his operas. (famous)
Exercise 94. Use the right degree of comparison of the adjectives in brackets.
1. He's а far (intelligent) person than my brother.
2. The first edition of the dictionary is (good), he new one is (good).
3. He is (angry) than I had expected.
4. Today I’ m (tide) than yesterday .
5. The (much) we go into the matter, the (complex) it becomes.
6. Jack is the (clever) of the three brothers.
7. He felt (bad) yesterday than the day before.
8. The (near) house is three miles away.
9. The (long) the night, the (short) the day.
10. He is the (tall) of the two.
Exercise 95. Use the right degree of comparison of the adjectives in brackets.
I must say mу position is (good) nоw than before.
She is the (clever) in her group.
If you try to press him, the situation will nоt bе (easy) for you .
I haven't become (wise) for all your explanations.
Hе knows (little) than I thought.
If you work (hard), the results may bе better .
ls diamond really the (hard) substance?
lt is certainly (cold) today than yesterday.
The раin grew (strong) with every passiпg day.
I think he is the worst person I have ever met.
Exercise 96. Use the right degree of comparison of the adjectives in brackets.
1. He laughs (good), who laughs last.
2. He who laughs last, laughs (long).
3. Of two evils, choose the (little).
4. My aunt is the (old) of the four sisters.
5. Cats are (clean) than monkeys, but monkeys are (intelligent) than cats.
6. Thank you, you are (kind) today than you were yesterday.
7. Socrates was (wise) Greek of all.
8. Edwin was (nice) of the two sons.
9. Christopher is (friendly) than Ted.
10. Ben is (wealthy) of the three brothers.
Exercise 97. Use the right degree of comparison of the adjectives in brackets. Retell the text.
А funny thing happened on the boat that morning . It was (cold) than usual when I woke, аnd, as I was in а hurry to put the shirt оn, I dropped it into the water. It made me angry, especially because George started laughing . I couldn't see what was funny about it, and I told George so, and he only laughed (many). I told him that it was the (stupid) laughter that I had heard. But he only laughed (loud). And then, just as I was getting thе shirt out of the river, I noticed that it was not mу shirt at all, but Georges. Now I began to laugh. And the (long) I looked from George's shirt to George who was laughing, the (loud) I laughed. As а result , I let the shirt fall back into the water again.
'Aren't you going to get your shirt out?' said George, still laughing . I could only say: 'It isn't my shirt - it's yours! ' His face suddenly changed from merry to severe . 'What!' he yelled jumping up. 'А man should bе (careful) when оn а shirt! Don't you know that it is (good) to dress on the bаnk , not in the boat!' Тhе (funny) thing happened when he tried to reach for the shirt, to get it out of the water, and fell into the river himself. Later I tried to explain to him how amusing it was, but George is sometimes stupid and cannot understand humour. (after Jerome)
Exercise 98. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Чем дешевле товар , тем быстрее он продаете,&
2. Больному все хуже день ото дня.
3.Это крайне важная новость, сообщи ее всем.
4. Чем выше мы подни мал ись, тем труднее становилось идти.
5. Старые ботинки моего старшего брата намного дешевле.
6. Сегодня жарче, чем вчера.
7. Общение через интернетстановится сейчас все более популярным.
8. К сожалению, вы выбрали самое сложное решение задачи из всех возможных.
9.Моя зарплата сейчас меньше , чем раньше, но есть люди, получающие намного меньше меня.
10. Англичане, в отличие от американцев , народ с гораздо более древней (older) историей.
Exercise 99. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Это, конечно, более короткий путь, но есть еще один, раза в два короче.
2. Старший брат в семье старше своей сестры на З года и в 3 раза старше самого младшего брата.
3. Наше футбольное поле было наполовину больше в длину, чем в ширину .
4. Жeна в два раза моложе своего мужа.
5. На сколько ты старше своего брата ?
6. Во сколько раз Сибирь больше Франции?
7. Мой начальник получает в полтора раза больше, чем я.
8. Я получаю в два раза меньше, чем мой начальник.
9. Во сколько раз 35 больше 7?
10. На сколько доллар дороже рубля в золотой валюте (gold currency)?
Exercise 100. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Из двух проектов второй более интересный.
2. Это был самый лучший день в моей жизни.
3. Чем скорее он перестанет общаться с ней, тем
лучше.
4.Чем меньше ты говоришь, тем это безопаснее для меня и для мои друзей.
5. Самые лучшие повара- мужчины.
6. «Извините» - самое трудное слово.
7. Чем больше я читаю налоговой реформе (tax reform), тем меньше я ее понимаю.
8. Я не так молод, как вы, вы в два. раза моложе.
9. Чем быстрее мы закончим работу , тем лучше.
10. Новый дом в три раза больше нашего старого.
11. Этот текст в два раза легче.
12. Чем скорее ты сделаешь домашнее задание, тем быстрее пойдешь гулять.
