48. Match the cranial bone with its location.

1. parietal a) lower sides and base of the cranium

2. occipital b) forehead and part of eye sockets

3. frontal c) bat–shaped bone behind the eyes and

4. temporal part of the base of the skull

5. ethmoid d) delicate bone supporting the nasal

6. sphenoid cavity and orbits of eyes

e) the roof and upper part of the sides of

the cranium

f) the back and base of the skull

49. Insert the proper names of the cranial bones:

1. Each … bone encloses an ear and contains a fossa for joining with the mandible.

2. The inferior portion of the ... bone has an opening called the foramen magnum through which the spinal cord passes.

3. The ... bone serves as an anchor to hold the frontal, occipital and ethmoid bones together.

4. The ... is composed primarily of spongy cancellous bone.

5. The mastoid ['mæstɔid] process is a round process of the ... bone behind the ear.

50. Practice the pronunciation of the following words. Guess their meanings:

alveoli (pl) [’ælviəlai]

fossae (pl) ['fɔsi:]

lacrimal ['lækriməl]

vomer ['vəumə]

mandibular [mæn'dibjulə]

septum ['septəm]

suture ['su:t∫ə]

duct [dΛkt]

mastication [ֽmæsti'kei∫ən]

51. Read and translate the dialogue.

At the Anatomy Examination

Professor: Will you start answering, please. What is the first question of your examination card?

Student: Facial bones. I know that all the facial bones, except one, are joined together by sutures so that they are immovable. The mandible (lower jaw bone) is the only facial bone capable of movement. This ability is necessary for activities such as mastication (chewing) and speaking.

Professor: Will you show us nasal bones and say what you know about them?

Student: Here they are. Nasal bones are two slender bones, supporting the bridge of the nose. They join with the frontal bone superiorly¹ and form part of the nasal septum.

Professor: Your answer is good, continue speaking about facial bones, please. You told us everything you knew about nasal bones.

Student: Two paired lacrimal bones are located at the corner of each eye. These thin small bones contain fossae for the lacrimal gland and canals for the passage of the lacrimal duct.

Professor: You said that the mandible was the only facial bone capable of movement. What do you know about maxillary and mandibular bones?

Student: Maxillary bones are two large bones composing the massive upper jaw bones. They are joined by a suture in the median² plane. If these two bones do not come together normally before birth, the condition known as cleft palate³ results. The mandibular bone is the lower jaw bone. Both maxilla and mandible contain the sockets⁴ called alveoli in which the teeth are embedded⁵.

Professor: Thank you. That’ll do. Your answer is very good. The second question of your card, please.

Notes

¹ superiorly [sju:'piəriəli] adv вверху

² median ['mi:diən] a средний

³ cleft palate [kleft 'pælit] волчья пасть

⁴ socket ['sɔkit] n ячейка; лунка; впадина, углубление

⁵ are embedded [im'bedid] прочно закреплены