12. State the type and structure of the epithets.

1. Clay left his feet where they were for a few don't-tell-me-where-to-put-my-feet seconds, then swung them around to the floor and sat up. (J.D. Salinger)

2. (...) our candle, as though intimidated by the incandescence of the opening, star-stabbed sky, toppled and we could see, unwrapped above us, a late wayaway wintery moon: it was like a slice of snow... (T. Capote)

3. G. G. Quartermain, board chairman and chief executive of Supranational Corporation – SuNatCo – was a bravura bull of a man who possessed more power than many heads of state and exercised it like a king. (A. Hailey)

4. She looked at him, warm and enthusiastic. (Ph. Turner)

5. In the cook house someone has painted little bright child-like pictures of steamships. (Gr. Greene)

6. (...) she had weakly, sentimentally, wantonly fallen in love. Almost without a token of resistance. (W. Graham)

7. There rises the hidden laughter

Of children in the foliage. (T.S. Eliot)

13. What trope is used in the following examples?

1. Stay, gentle Night, and with thy darkness cover

The kisses of her lover. (J. Fletcher)

2. Autumn comes

And trees are shedding their leaves,

And Mother Nature blushes

Before disrobing. (N. West)

3. Filian devotion was both esteemed and practised in that pre-Freudian age, before self-sacrifice had been dethroned from its precarious seat among the virtues;... (E. Glasgow)

3. Wind surprised, pealed the leaves, parted night clouds; showers of star­ light were let loose... (T. Capote)

3. My impatience has shown its heels to my politeness. (R. Stevenson)

3. Fog.

The fog comes over harbour and city

On little cat feet. on silent haunches

It sits looking and then moves on.

(C. Sandburg)

7. Cruelty has a human Heart,

And Jealousy a human Face, . . . (W. Blake)

14. A. Concentrate on cases of hyperbole and understatement.

1. The girls were dressed to kill. (J. Braine)

2. Maggie had been four days at her aunt Moss's, giving the early June sunshine quite a new brightness in the care-dimmed eyes of that affectionate woman, and making an epoch for her cousins great and small, who were learn­ing her words and actions by heart, as if she had been a transient avatar of perfect wisdom and beauty. (G. Eliot)

3. Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old. (Sc. Fitzgerald)

4. We might have been a world and not a mere canton apart. (Gr. Greene)

5. She was a giant of a woman. She carried a mammoth red pocketbook that bulged throughout as if it were stuffed with rocks. (Fl. O'Connor)

6. She wore a pink hat, the size of a button. (G. Reed)

7. The rain had thickened, fish could have swum through the air. (T. Capote)

B. Make up sentences of your own using language (trite, stale) hyperboles:

1. scared to death; 2. (not to see) for ages; 3. a hundred (thousand) times; 4. be all the world to smb.; 5. not to hurt a fly; 6. (if I do) he'll murder me; 7. not to yield an inch.

15. Before analysing cases of irony look at this definition from a Dictionary of Literary Terms by g.A. Cuddon:

«The two basic kinds of irony are verbal and irony of situation. At its simplest, verbal irony involves saying what one does not mean. Johnson defined it as a mode of speech in which the meaning is contrary to the words. Situational irony occurs when, for instance, a man laughs uproariously at the misfortune of another even while the same misfortune, unbeknownst, is happening to him».

Now find the examples of verbal irony in the fragments of the poem dealing with cooking a lobster by K. Wright: