- •A guide to stylistics
- •Contents
- •Foreword
- •Section 1 Stylistics: Introduction into the Field. Cognitive Style. Functional Styles.
- •Chubby tots don’t always shed that baby fat
- •250 Charing cross road london wci
- •10. Define the genre, the functional style and its specific characteristics in the following extracts.
- •11. Use the intensifier with each of the adjectives. The first two have been done as an example:
- •12. Complete the sentences using the adverbs below and a suitable adjective.
- •13. In spoken English, it's possible to emphasize certain parts of a sentence simply by using stress. Which words would you stress in the following sentences to emphasize the information in brackets?
- •Section 2 The Language of Literature as an Object of Stylistics.
- •1. Compare the neutral and the colloquial (or literary) modes of expression:
- •2. Link together the suitable pairs of words making a stylistic opposition:
- •3. A. Which of the following phrases would you use while commenting on someone's features to express a) respect b) amusement c) contempt?
- •4. Analyse the semantic structure of the following words:
- •5. State what connotative component(s) of lexical meaning the following words represent.
- •Section 3 Lexical Means of Expressiveness
- •1. Do a jigsaw task identifying examples of metonymy in the columns. Choose at least 5 cases of metonymy and explain why the original use of a word has turned into a metonymical one.
- •9. Analyse cases of metaphor into the components of its structure.
- •10. A. Identify the trope and its type in the following sentences:
- •11. Indicate the metonymy and the type of metonymical relations.
- •12. State the type and structure of the epithets.
- •13. What trope is used in the following examples?
- •14. A. Concentrate on cases of hyperbole and understatement.
- •15. Before analysing cases of irony look at this definition from a Dictionary of Literary Terms by g.A. Cuddon:
- •Agony Calories
- •16. Define the device used:
- •17. Discriminate between metaphor, simile and personification in the following examples:
- •18. Define the stylistic device and explain what the effect produced by it is based on.
- •19. Identify the tropes in the following Russian examples:
- •Section 4 Stylistic Phraseology. Stylistic Morphology.
- •1. Read the sentences and discuss different ways in which j. Galsworthy refreshes proverbs and sayings by violating phraseological units. What effect is gained by this?
- •2. Analyse various cases of play on words, indicate how it is created and what effect it adds to the utterance.
- •3. Analyse the structure and purpose of creating the author's neologisms:
- •4. Find out and explain the morphological and phraseological devices:
- •Section 5 Stylistic Syntax.
- •1. Specify on the ssm based on Compression.
- •2. Identify the ssm based on Recurrence.
- •3. Keep the conversation going using False Anadiplosis and the counterarguments to make the utterance complete.
- •4. Read the sentences in which the ssm grouped under Inversion are used. Define the type of the inversions.
- •5. Identify the ssm based on Transposition. Analyse the stylistic effect created by them.
- •6. Analyse the syntactic stylistic devices used in the following sentences:
- •Identify the lexical and syntactic stylistic means in the following examples. Specify the function performed by them.
- •8. Specify on all the stylistic devices employed by the authors in the following examples. Identify and analyse the stylistic effect of the devices used.
- •Section 6 Stylistic Phonetics.
- •1. Identify the phonetic stylistic means in the following examples and specify the function performed by them:
- •Section 7 Extracts for Comprehensive Stylistic Analysis.
- •More you can do Do the independent stylistic analysis of the following texts.
- •Exam issues
- •Reading matters in stylistics
More you can do Do the independent stylistic analysis of the following texts.
1.
Then came to his mind the memory of a quaint scene in the Soudan. A soldier had been nearly hacked in two by a broad-bladed Arab spear. For one instant the man felt no pain. Looking down, he saw that his life-blood was going from him. The stupid bewilderment on his face was so intensely comic that both Dick and Torpenhow, still panting and unstrung from a fight for life, had roared with laughter, in which the man seemed as if he would join, but, as his lips parted in a sheepish grin, the agony of death came upon him, and he pitched* grunting at their feet. Dick laughed again, remembering the horror.
R. Kipling
2.
The introduction of the notion of prototype into the categorization literature by Rosch and colleagues was a revolution. The basic idea was that a concept, for example, bird was not defined by a set of necessary and sufficient features – with all members that met the criteria being equals – but rather that the concept had a graded structure, with fuzzy boundaries, in which some members played a privileged role.
P. Ibbotson, M. Tomasells
3.
Why, if one wants to compare life to anything, one must liken it to being blown through the Tube at fifty miles an hour – landing at the other end without a single hairpin in one’s hair! Shot out at the feet of God entirely naked! Tumbling head over heels in the asphodel meadows like brown paper parcels pitched down a shoot in the post office! With one’s hair flying back like the tail of a race-horse. Yes, that seems to express the rapidity of life, the perpetual waste and repair; all so casual, all so haphazard…
V. Wolf
4.
O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
Each like a corpse within its grave, until
Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
Her clarion o’er the dreaming earth, and fill
(driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
With living hues and odours plain and hill:
Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh, hear!
Percy B. Shelley
5.
When I have fears that I may cease to be
Before my pen has gleaned my teeming brain,
Before high-piled books, in character,
Hold like rich garners the full-ripened grain;
When I behold, upon the night’s starred face
Huge cloudy symbols of a high romance,
And think that I may never live to trace
Their shadows with the magic hand of chance;
And when I feel, fair creature of an hour!
That I shall never look upon thee more,
Never have relish in the faery power
Of unreflecting love! – then on the shore
Of the wide world I stand alone, and think
Till love and fame to nothingness do sink.
J. Keats
6.
Credo
Goals are funnels
with walls that narrow
and finally at the neck –
the achievement –
a guillotine.
Better than goals are dreams
that can never be attained,
only lived.
Or dreamed.
Sc. Baxter
7.
To contemplation’s sober eye
Such is the race of man:
And they that creep, and they that fly,
Shall end where they began.
Alike the busy and the gay
But flutter thro’ life’s little day,
In fortune’s varying colours drest:
Brushed by the hand of rough mischance,
Or chilled by age, their airy dance
They leave, in dust to rest.
T. Gray
LIST OF AUTHORS
Whose a) Textbooks and b) Books Were Used in Exercises
a)
Arnold I.V. The English Word. M., 1973.
Biber D., Conrad S. Register, genre, and Style. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Bowler В., Parminter S. Literature. Making Headway. Upper-Intermediate. Oxford University Press, 1993.
Cottle B. The Language of Literature. English Grammar in Action. London, 1985.
Cunningham S., Bowler B. Headway. Upper-Intermediate. Oxford University Press, 1992.
Fonagy I. Form and Function of Poetic Language // Diogenes, Fall, 1965, № 51.
Ford B. (ed.) The New Pelican Guide to English Literature. Vol. 8. The Present. NY, 1983.
Galperin I. R. Stylistics. M., 2010.
Gordon I. The Movement of English Prose. London, 1966.
Gude K., Duckworth M. Proficiency Masterclass. Student's Book. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Hooper A.G. An Introduction to the Study of Language and Literature. London, 1961.
Kukharenko V.A. A Book of Practice in Stylistics. M., 1986.
Leech G. Language in Literature. Style and Foregrounding. Edinburgh Gate, Pearson, 2008.
Martin A., Hill R. Modern Poetry. L., 1991.
Martin A., Hill R. Modern Short Stories. L., 1991.
Mostkova S., Smikalova L, Tchernyavskaya S. English Literary Terms. L, 1967.
Prokhorova V., Soshalskaya E. Oral Practice Through Stylistic Analysis. M., 1979.
Skrebnev Y.M. Fundamentals of English Stylistics. M.: Высшая школа, 1994.
Rae J.M., Boardman R. Reading Between the Lines. Integrated Language and Literature Activities. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
b)
Adindton R. Death of a Hero.
Anderson Sh. Hands.
Blake W. Gwin, King of Norway.
Bradbury R. Eating People Is Wrong.
Bronte E. Wuthering Heights.
Burney F. Evelina.
Burns R. Bonnie Bells.
Capote T. The Grass Harp.
Cheever J. О Youth and Beauty.
Christie A. The Pale Horse.
Christie A. Why Don't They Ask Evans?
Davies R. Love Kept Waiting.
Day Lewis S. I’ve Heard Them Lilting at Loom and Belting.
Day Lewis S. Now She Is Like the White Tree-rose.
Dickens Ch. The Misplaced Attachment of Mr. John Dounce.
Dickinson E. Because I Couldn’t Stop For Death.
Eliot G. The Mill on the Floss.
Fielding H. Joseph Andrews.
Fielding H. Tom Jones.
Fitzgerald F. Scott. The Great Gatsby.
Galsworthy. The Forsyte Saga.
Ghose Z. The Mystique of Roots.
Glasgow E. Barren Ground.
Golding W. Lord of the Flies.
Golding W. The Pyramid.
Goldsmith. The Vicar of Wakefield.
Graham W. The Four Swans.
Gray T. Ode On the Spring.
Greene G. Doctor Fischer of Geneva or the Bomb Party.
Greene G. Journey Without Maps.
Hailey A. The Moneychangers.
Hartley LP. Won by a Fall.
Hemingway E. The Undefeated.
Heyer G. Faro's Daughter.
Jerome J.K. Three Men in a Boat.
Keats J. Sonnets.
Kipling R. The Light That Failed.
Lodge D. Small World.
London J. Koolau the Leper.
London J. The Chicago.
London J. The Mexican.
Mansfield K. Taking the Veil.
Maugham W.S. Lord Mountdrago.
Maugham W.S. The Force of Circumstance.
Maugham W.S. The Romantic Young Lady.
Maurier D. du. Frenchman's Greek.
Milne A.A. The world of Winnie-the-Pooh.
O’Henry. Jeff Peters as a Personal Magnet.
O’Neill E. The Hairy Ape.
Plath S. The Applicant.
Poe E.A. The Eye.
Pope A. The Rape of the Lock.
Priestley J.B. Angel Pavement.
Prutchett T. Lords and Ladies.
Prutchett T. Night Watch.
Richardson S. Pamela.
Salinger J.D. De Daumier-Smith's Blue Period.
Salinger J.D. For Esme - With Love And Squalor.
Salinger J.D. Franny.
Salinger J.D. Pretty Mouth and Green My Eyes.
Scannel V. Dead Dog.
Segal E. Love Story.
Shakespeare W. A Midsummer Night 's Dream.
Shakespeare W. As You Like It.
Shakespeare W. Hamlet.
Shakespeare W. Macbeth.
Shakespeare W. Romeo and Juliet.
Shakespeare W. The Tempest.
Shakespeare W. The Two Gentlemen of Verona.
Smith D. I Capture the Castle.
Smollett T. The Adventures of Roderick Random.
Sterne L. A Sentimental Journey.
Sterne L. Tristram Shandy.
Stevenson R.L. The Bottle Imp.
Stevenson R.L. The Pavilion on the Links.
Swift J. Gulliver’s Travels.
Swift J. Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift.
Thackery W.M. The History of Pendennis.
Thomson J. The Seasons.
Thurber J. The Evening's at Seven.
Tolkien J.R.R. The Hobbit.
Turner P. Dunkirk Summer.
Walker F. Lots of Love.
Warren R.P. All the King's Men.
Waugh E. Decline and Fall.
Wells H. The War of the Worlds.
Williams T. Sweet Bird of Youth.
Wolf V. The Mark on the Wall.
Woodford P. The Real Thing.
Young E. Night Thoughts.
c)
58. New Testament. Freed-Hardeman Un., Henderson, 1993.
59. The Guardian, Febr. 3, 1997.
60. Time, June, 19, 1995.