throne in the chamber of the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament (рис. 204).

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		Рис. 204

Attic

An attic or loft is a space found directly below the pitched roof of a house or other building (also called garret or sky parlor). As attics fill the space between the ceiling of the top floor of a building and the slanted roof, they are known for being awkwardly shaped spaces with exposed rafters and difficult- to-reach corners. While some attics are converted into bedrooms or home offices, complete with windows and staircases, most attics remain hard to reach

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and neglected, and are typically used for storage. It is a word ultimately derived from the Attica region around Athens, Greece (via Attic style architecture).

Attics can also help control temperature in a house by providing a large mass of slowly moving air. Hot air rising from lower floors of a building often gets retained in the attic, further compounding their reputation as inhospitable environments. However, in recent years many attics have been insulated to help decrease heating costs since on average, uninsulated attics account for 15% of the total energy loss in a typical house (рис. 205, 206).

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Рис. 205 Рис. 206

Staircase

A stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs, or simply stairs is a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances, called steps. Stairs may be straight, round, or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles.

Special types of stairs include escalators and ladders. Some alternatives to stairs are elevators (UK: lifts), stairlifts and inclined moving walkways as well as stationary inclined sidewalks (UK: pavements) (рис. 207–215).

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Рис. 209

Рис. 210

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Рис. 211		А			Рис. 212
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Рис. 213

Рис. 214

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