- •1.Лексический модуль
- •2.Грамматический модуль
- •3. Тесты
- •Working with words
- •Working with word combinations and sentences
- •8. Rewrite these scrambled sentences putting the words in
- •9. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Working with texts
- •10. Read and translate the text.
- •Systematics
- •Light from Life
- •14. Text for translation into English. Text 4 Система живого мира
- •Speaking and writing
- •15.Make a report about any plant or animal, giving its classification.
- •16.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1. Word building.
- •2. Make word combinations using the following words.
- •3. Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •4. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •5. Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •6. Match the beginnings and the endings of the sentences.
- •7. Read and translate the text.
- •8. Match a title to the paragraph.
- •9. Answer the questions to Text 1.
- •10. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •11. Text for translation into English.
- •12.Make a report about any bacterium you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention
- •13.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Word building.
- •2.Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •3.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •4.Translate these word combinations.
- •5.Find out the difference between synonyms and write sentences, illustrating it.
- •7.Translate from Russian into English.
- •8. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Match a title to the paragraph.
- •10. Using information from the text,
- •11. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13. Make a report about any amphibian you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention amphibian`s
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150 -250 words).
- •1.Write antonyms for the following words.
- •2.Write synonyms for the following words.
- •3.Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •4.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •5.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •6.Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences.
- •7. Read and translate the text.
- •Insects
- •8.Look at the picture and, using information from Text1, label parts of the insect.
- •9. Match a title to the paragraph.
- •10. Answer the questions to Text 1.
- •11. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13.Make a report about any insect you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention insect`s
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find additional information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Look at the picture and label parts of the fish.
- •2.Word building.
- •3.Give opposite meaning to the words from the box and insert them in the sentences of your own.
- •4.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •5.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •6.Match a word in a to its definition in b. Write your own sentences with these words.
- •7. Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences.
- •8. Look at the pictures. What adaptations do these fishes have? Why?
- •9. Read and translate the text.
- •10. Answer these questions to Text 1.
- •11. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13.Make a report about any fish you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention fish`s
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150 - 250 words).
- •1.Word building.
- •2.Match an animal to a suitable group name.
- •3.Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •4. Look at the picture and label parts of the bird.
- •5.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •6.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •7.Match a title and a paragraph.
- •8. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Match a title and a paragraph.
- •11. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13.Make a report about any bird you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention bird`s
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150 - 250 words).
- •1. Word building.
- •7. Separate parts of an animal from bear`s food.
- •8. Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •9. If someone behaves a people say they are b.
- •10. Translate from Russian into English.
- •11. Read and translate the text.
- •12. Find key sentences in each paragraph.
- •13. Write a title to each paragraph.
- •14. Answer the questions to Text 1.
- •15. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •16. Text for translation into English.
- •17.Make a report about any mammal you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention mammal`s
- •18.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Word building.
- •6.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •7.Match the beginning and the ending of the sentences.
- •8.Match a part of eye structure to its definition and its context.
- •9.Read and translate the text.
- •Invertebrates
- •10.Give a title to each paragraph.
- •11.Answer these questions to Text 1.
- •12. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •13. Text for translation into English.
- •14.Make a report about any invertebrate you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention invertebrate`s
- •15.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150 - 250 words).
- •1.Write another word with a similar meaning.
- •6.Label parts of the flower.
- •7.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •8.Translate into English.
- •9.Guess the meaning of the words from the context.
- •10. Read and translate the text.
- •11. Give a title to each paragraph.
- •12. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to Text 1.
- •13. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •Venus Flytrap
- •14. Text for translation into English.
- •15.Make a report about any plant you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention plant`s
- •16.Choose any of the following ideas ( or propose your own), find information and write an essay ( 150-250 words).
- •1.Form nouns and adjectives from the verbs given. Pay attention to the suffixes.
- •2.Match definition in a to the word in b.
- •3. Look at the picture and label parts of the mushroom.
- •4.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •5.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •6.Read definitions and write names of the mushroom`s parts.
- •7. Explain the concepts given in your own words.
- •8. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Find key sentences in each paragraph.
- •10. Match a title with the passage.
- •11. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to the Text 1.
- •12. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •13. Text for translation into English.
- •14.Make a report about any fungus you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention fungus`s
- •15.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Word building.
- •2.Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •3.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •4.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •5.We know that scientific ideas could be :
- •6.Translate into English.
- •7. Read and translate the text.
- •Ideas about evolution
- •8. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to Text 1.
- •9. Summarize the information from the text about one of the concepts and add some additional data.
- •10. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •11. Text for translation into English.
- •12.Make a report about any scientist you find interesting. There are several famous scientists mentioned in the article.
- •13.Writing
- •1.Use prefixes and form the new words.
- •2.Define the following words.
- •3.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •4.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •5.Make sure that you understand these verbs with prepositions and write sentences, incorporating them.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •7.Read and translate the text.
- •8.Give definitions to the following concepts from Text1.
- •9.Answer the questions to Text 1.
- •10. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •11. Text for translation into English.
- •12.Make a report about any ecosystem you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention ecosystem`s
- •13.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Match a and b to make word combinations.
- •2.Word building.
- •3.Explain the following words.
- •4.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •5.Give English equivalents to the following word combination.
- •6.Define the following concepts.
- •7.Make sure that you understand these verbs with prepositions and write sentences, incorporating them.
- •8.Translate into English.
- •9. Read and translate the text.
- •10. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to Text 1.
- •11. Find key sentences in each paragraph and give paragraphs appropriate titles.
- •12. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •13. Text for translation into English.
- •14 Make a report about any problem, connected with extinction, you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention
- •15.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •8. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Match a title to the part of the text.
- •10. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to the Text 1.
- •11. Read the texts using dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13.Make a report about any particular case of adaptation you find interesting and unusual.
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Write synonyms to the following words.
- •2.Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •3.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •4.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •5.Define the words in English and insert them in the sentences of your own.
- •6.Translate into English.
- •7.Explain in your own words these concepts.
- •8. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Match a title with the paragraph.
- •10. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to Text 1.
- •11. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13.Make a report about any endangered animal you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention animal`s
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas ( or propose your own), find information and write an essay ( 150 – 250 words).
- •Infinitive/Gerund
- •It is… that (which, who).
- •Insert linking words from the box into the following sentences.
- •Insert linking words into the following texts.
- •1. Complete the table with singular and plural forms of nouns.
- •2. Match the adjectives with the nouns to construct word combinations. Use three of these word combinations in your own sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct word to complete the text. Be attentive! There are two odd words.
- •4. Give terms corresponding to the following definitions.
- •5. Explain the following terms.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Complete the table with singular and plural forms of nouns.
- •2. Form adjectives from the following nouns. Sometimes more than one adjective can be formed. Use three of the received words in your own sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct word to complete the text.
- •4. Give terms corresponding to the following definitions.
- •5. Label parts of the fish.
- •6. Explain the following terms.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Complete the word combinations with prepositions. Use three of the received word combinations in your own sentences.
- •2. Match the adjectives with the nouns to construct word combinations. Use three of these word combinations in your own sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct word to complete the text.
- •4. Give terms corresponding to the following definitions.
- •5. Describe any plant.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Using different prefixes and suffixes create new words.
- •2. Match the verbs with the nouns to construct word combinations. Use three of these word combinations in your own sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct word to complete the text.
- •4. Explain the relationship between the following words.
- •5. Describe any ecosystem.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Write synonyms and antonyms to the following words.
- •2. Make questions out of the words. Then answer them.
- •4. Explain the relationship between the following words.
- •5. Give terms corresponding to the following definitions.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1.Put the verbs in brackets into Present, Past, Future Simple; Past Continuous or Present Perfect Passive Tense.
- •1.Future forms
- •2.Articles
- •3.Countable and uncountable nouns
- •1.Degrees of comparison
- •2.Conditionals
- •1.Modals
- •2.Emphasis
- •3.Passive
- •1.Sequence of Tenses
- •2.Reported Speech
- •3.Linking words
13. Text for translation into English.
Text 4
Моллюски
Моллюски, или мягкотелые, — главным образом водные, реже наземные животные. Тело их не сегментировано, состоит из головы, туловища и ноги. Органом движения служит нога — мускулистый вырост брюшной стенки тела. Основание туловища у моллюсков окружено большой кожной складкой — мантией. Между мантией и телом находится мантийная полость, в которой лежат жабры, некоторые органы чувств и куда открывается отверстие задней кишки, протоки почек и половых желез. На спинной стороне, как правило, расположена выделяемая мантией защитная раковина — цельная, реже двустворчатая или состоящая из нескольких пластинок. Наружный слой раковины образован органическим рогоподобным веществом, внутренний — тончайшими пластинками извести. У некоторых групп моллюсков раковина погружена под кожу или исчезает совсем.
Органы дыхания у большинства видов представлены жабрами, у наземных представителей и форм, вторично перешедших к водному образу жизни, — легкими.
Моллюски произошли от кольчатых червей. Основные классы типа моллюсков — Брюхоногие, Двустворчатые, Головоногие.
Класс Брюхоногие
Брюхоногие, или улитки, обитают в морях, часть их приспособилась к жизни на суше или в пресных водах. Голова хорошо развита, на ней расположены одна-две
пары щупалец и одна пара глаз. У большинства представителей имеется раковина. Характерная черта всех брюхоногих — асимметричность строения. Нога имеет широкую подошву, при помощи сокращений мускулатуры ноги животное медленно и плавно ползет по поверхности.
Один из представителей класса — большой прудовик, встречающийся в пресноводных водоемах. Он покрыт спирально закрученной раковиной. Нервная система большого прудовика представлена нервными узлами, сконцентрированными в окологлоточное кольцо. Органами осязания служат чувствительные клетки, рассеянные в коже, и щупальца, у основания которых находятся глаза. По бокам тела располагаются органы равновесия — пузырьки, внутри которых имеются мелкие известковые тельца и клетки с чувствительными волосками, воспринимающими раздражение при изменении положения известковых телец в пузырьке.
Дыхание у прудовика легочное. Воздух через легочное отверстие поступает в особый карман мантии — легкое, стенки которого пронизаны кровеносными сосудами. Здесь происходит газообмен. Точно так же дышат наземные улитки.
Сердце состоит из предсердия и желудочка. Кровеносная система незамкнутая: кровь из сердца поступает в кровеносные сосуды, а затем изливается в пространство между органами. Отсюда кровь возвращается к органам дыхания и, окислившись, попадает в сердце. Кровь чаше всего бесцветна. Иногда в ней содержится вещество, близкое к гемоглобину.
Среди морских брюхоногих моллюсков встречаются паразитические формы. Они поселяются главным образом на коже и в полости тела у иглокожих. Паразитизм вызвал у этих моллюсков упрощение строения вплоть до утраты раковины, мантии, ноги, кровеносной и пищеварительной систем.
Брюхоногие моллюски имеют хозяйственное значение. В ряде европейских стран употребляют в пищу виноградную улитку, которую специально разводят для этой цели. Некоторые наземные представители подкласса легочных моллюсков (слизни) наносят вред сельскохозяйственным культурам — посевам, картофелю, свекле, табаку, огородным растениям.
Speaking and writing