Perfect Tenses

Информация 7

Глагол в Present Perfect обозначает действие, предшествовавшее моменту речи в настоя­щем и связанного с этим моментом каким - то результатом (появление нового лица, предмета, создание новой ситуации, приобретения опыта и т. д.).

Образуется to have + Participle II

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I You have done it We They He She has done it It	you Have we done it they she Has he done it it	I You We have not done it They He She has not done it It

Present Perfect употребляется с обстоятельствами

to day, this week (month, year), just, already, yet, lately, since.

Present Perfect не употребляется с обстоятельствами точного времени в прошлом (вчера, на прошлой недели, в 1970 и т. д.).

Present Perfect не употребляется для выражения ряда последовательных действий, сле­дующих одно за другим: Не entered the room, sat down and started working.

Глагол Present Perfect переводится на русский язык глаголом прошедшего времени со­вершенного вида, а если действие еще не закончилось, то глаголом в настоящем времени.

I have finished my work. Я закончил свою работу.

I have known them since 1980. Я знаю их с 1980 года.

I. Образуйте перфектный инфинитив следующих глаголов:

A. Модель: to prepare - to have prepared

(to open, to visit, to translate, to study, to produce, to look, to increase)

B. Модель: to meet - to have met

(to read, to write, to see, to come, to give, to go, to get, to find, to lose, to leave, to break, to bring, to make)

II. Постройте 10 предложений в Present Perfect, используя глаголы задания I.

Модель: Не has visited his friend. We have lost your note - book.

III. Переведите предложения.

1. What's the time? - Sorry, I have left my watch at home.

2. I don't see my dictionary on the table. Who has taken it?

3. Where are the students? They have just left for the library.

4. Have you heard the news about the work of the expeditions? No, we haven't yet seen the members of the expedition.

5. My sister has always helped me with my English.

6. We have read a lot of English books.

IV. Поставьте следующие предложения: в вопросительную форму (а), в отрицательную форму (б).

а) 1. You have taken my note - book. 2. Your sister has passed her English examination. 3. Her brother has entered the Moscow University. 4. The teacher has just left the class - room. 5. The stu­dents have just translated the text.

б) 1. Our dean has come from Moscow (yet). 2. We have written a letter to our friends in the GDR. 3. My friend has changed since I saw him last. 4. She has spoken the meeting today. 5.1 have done my home - work. 6. We have met them (since 1980). 7.1 have studied French (never).

V. Постройте предложения по образцам, используя слова, данные в скобках.

1.1 have seen him today.

(to meet him - lately; to go to the cinema - this week; to go to the country - this month; to read many English books - this summer; to speak about him - today)

2.1 haven't seen him since 1980.

(to speak with my friend - since last Sunday; to go to the theatre - since last month; to ski - since last winter; to translate from Russian into English - since I left school; to dance - since summer)

3. Have you ever been to London? I have never been to London.

(to Now York, to Paris; to Moscow; to Vladivostok; to Odessa ...)

4. Who has taken my book?

(to break the glass; to leave the note - book on the table; to take my pencil; to turn on the light; to take part in the conference; to see the new film, to bring the letter)

5. Why haven't you done it?

(to study the material; to learn these rules; to put it in its place; to close the door; to open the window, to switch of the light; to measure the temperature; to connect the elements of the circuit)