Том 4
.pdf. . & 4 , ! .; ! . . . # * +6 +1, . . ., . ( % «# »)
#
– 60 +70 °
#% " , $8 > ? > % > A& > " /" %- #" 8$>, $# / $"& # #"$&*% @ " . & $#8#- % ## ? > A # " /" # & # "$# #%8 # # $8-8$> ? #8> "#" 8> 8 " # # .
E#" 8 8 " # # ?\ " 8 &>8# $& > & # 8# #$% 8$ – 60 +70 °E ?>& " % & #""& # >D$8 > % #"#8 " /. & A / #"$&*% & "* "- , ? / " $ $" ## & > $ % - % 8 8 " # # . "$" ? & ? &*D @ " * " & # 8$>, > & ? #8>/ #$% 8$ -# ? & $" C "$& # # C % . & #" &@ # A # " ?>& " % "#" 8 , ? @= % 8 8 # & .
E#" 8 &@ " ? & #&* @ " , ? @= @ "8- " 8 & C $ # & & — 8" , "#" 8 8 #% ## ($C 88# 8>/ && , # # 8$>, #" # $# # ), C &* >/ A& 8 .
8 " # # $#" # ? &*D / 8 , " = / #"- $# &* & #&* / " # # C &* >/ A& 8 . 8$""- >/ ?& 8 % "# *" " 8 / 8 " # # C#? # D& C "" # 1,5 8. 8$ 8 " " " " *@ ±1,5 C " . 8 #8 "8 & # ?&@- # % ?\ 8 # & $& # $# " # #" # ?\
"$8 =*@ "$# &* > $#? .
'$"" " % # " # ?>& $? "8 "*, $8 > - & #&* C # & , ? #8 ? # , "$# "#" 8 8 #% ##. E#" 8 8 " # # #%C & # #"$> > "! #% # 8$ « ». " > # A "$#8- &* > > , #% @=# "#" 8 , D " C& " @ " 8 " ? /.
51
. . & , ! .; ! . . . # * +6 +1, . . ., . ( % «# »)
,
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
0 +
1.= . ., L . ., +! . . # C > "#" 8>. .: D# " # , 1988.
2.0+ . ., # )* )& . ., ! . . < #8 # 8 C 8- $> ? # & #% 8$/ # . .: % &*" #/ 8
, 2009.
52
. . 5B , .; ! . . . # * +6 +1, . . ., . . . ( % «# »)
< &*" # ? & " C % / # C / 8 D# /, ? $ ? 8 # & E # C # "$" ? " #C * # C > 8$, $# A 8 " " # # =# " 8 #%8 #% 8$ - / " # 8 D# > % # &* # Z " *.
" / ?& " *@ $#8 # $&*" # > ? & " &- # $#? , #8 @=# ? &*D# $& > & # . ' " " #, & # # ! " > # . < 8#8 A C , $&*" # > ?> $#8 @ & & # >" 8$> "$=# " /" .
" C # " #/ < # &* / $&*" # / ?> ( ) :
|
|
ideal |
|
T." |
, |
(1) |
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
T |
|
||
|
|
|
." |
|
|
|
C T." — 8$ |
@= / " >, |
— 8$ |
||||
& # ?\ .
# #% ! 8 &>, & # &* > $&*" # > ? A!! # " * # " $ 8 8 *D # 8$> # ? .
'" = 8 " ? > $ $>D #@ A!! # " # $&*" # > ?, " ? ?& " # C > 8$, C &- D# & ? > ? % > $& @ $#? @ " 8 D# 8 E # - C [1].
! #% # 8$ $" ? > $ " % #@ # &* /D 8 #""& #@ "$/ #% " / $&*" #- / ?> % >/ 8$>/ *.
'$" & / ? $ " # $&*" # > ?, " > , "" &* > # "#" 8 "8 " 8$> # 80, 120 # 200 .
0 +
1. Cryogenic microcooling – A micromachined cold stage operating with a sorption compressor in a vapor compression cycle / Johannes F. Burger Ph.D. Thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands ISBN 90-365-1536-X.
53
$. . $, .; ! . . . " 6 , . . ., . ( % «# »)
F$ # C > ? > $ > "#" 8 " # >8 $#- >8 C % 8 (E< ) & * ? #/ $ 8 # %$&- # , & #@ # 8$ %$8 % # # C 8 ? . < # %$ " 8 "& D# * $" ? #% ## $ - * # " #, $8 # ?\ 8 8 ?> * " ? &*D#8. 8 " & * & " ? % >8 #"$&*% # ? % / %$#, 8 #" &@ " #? & $" #/ "# # — $ $&- # % .
' ? [1] ""8 8 &* ? % / %$# & C ?-" $%# #/ 8 # 8# # > > "#" 8 [2, 3]. 8 &* #- > &* > "& # , > @ $8 > $"" # 8 %$#.
< 8 > %$# &* 8 $"" @ " # " # % #/ #%-% D # "& #/ 8 # 8# " C "# . <- $ %$& 8>/ ? , $& # " # & # ? &*D / % - 8 #. F A 8 $& ?8 8 $8 # # " *@ $#" # $& 8 ?\ 8 , #%-% C % # ? #8 " * " # $ $# " > % #"#8 " #.
< % , $& ?8 8 $8, # " *@ # " 8# ? " = " 8 %$# # & # ? , % " " " # "#" 8>.
• &*D % # 8 %$# # A!! # " * $"" - %> %8 $&* # " #, $" % .
' ? = * #8 # C 8 # " # # !#%# " # #- " # # = C $, ?& C >8 8 # * A!! #- " * $"" # 8 *D# * 8 %$#.
0 +
1.* .'., ! . ., .X. 8 # 8# " # 8 %$# % # C / # " *@ // # " # C %>. 2011. |5. E. 32—40.
2.1 !$ . . % 8 # 8# " # $"" $# $8 / 8 "" ? C & // E?. « # C # ». < # C 8 D. • & D# . 1977. E. 21—32.
3.1 !$ . . 8 # 8# " #/ % ! % > "#" 8 $8- / 8 ""> // E?. « # C # ». < # C 8 D. • & D# . 1977. E. 33—45.
54
. . $! , .; ! . . . !/ , . . ., . . . ( % «# »)
#? & $"$# >8# #%& & 8# " ? &*D#8 A!!# # 8 "? " $& # 8 # / % #8 " *@ & @ " $&* > &- #&* # #-#%& ( ) [1, 2].
$& "# &*, $ $ ? 8 , C " # $"$C $&* C $. E $8 =*@ C " = "- & " ! 8# # # >? " @= "8# " $" "$&* C $, $" & @= C " ? / C & @ " #% ? &*D C " 8 #"$" > $&*. $# C C# "? # $#" # & # $& "# & . & >/ $&- "# &* " ?# " C# "? # 8 # $& " & ? #/ - .
' " $& "# & #"$&*% @ " # " # " ? &*D#8 A!!# # 8 #%& # # 8 & / #"$8 " *@ 8 .
& #% # $"" $& # 8 #"$" > $ #% # # " / ?>& " % "$# &* A "$#8 &* " (8- &* $&* C & #&* #-#%& & ( )). " " " # #% "& @=# " /: 8 / 8 >, "#" 8> #, "#" 8> $&- # 8 #"$" > $ # "#" 8> & $8 [2].
/ #% /D# "#" 8 " # & " $# " "#" 8 & $8 " #. ' " " "#" 8> CCD 8 > " ?& 8# #8$&*" / $" #.
% ? # $&* # " / #! > @ " # % 8 ? ? > @ " " $8 =*@ "$# &* C $C 88 C ? "$# . ' %8 > "& @- =# #8> ? > 8 #%# / "#" 8>: $& # A!!# #-# &* " # " /, $& # " " " # " / C " C 8, $ - & # %8 # " " # " / # $&*.
! " # — 12-08-01170-.
0 +
1.Persson J. The Liquid Droplet Radiator – An Advanced Future Head Rejection System. // ESA J., 1990. V.14. P. 272—288.
2.(+= . ., (!F . . "$#8 &* " & $& # 8 #"$" > $ % # # " / // ' " # . .: , 2006. |4. C. 11—15.
55
. . # , .; ! . . . " 6 , . . ., . ( % «# »)
E #8 " * >" 8$/ "#" 8> #" # $# C C % , $"$@= C " " # # , 8 " #C * 10—60 % [1] " #8 " # " / " #. 8 C , " = " @= "#" 8 #" # $% & $& # * E< ? 8 C " $ #" # [2]. ' $"$# #% 8$ #" $% % *" $#8-
# C " = / >" 8$/ #" #. |
|
|
|
$&* #% 8$>/ ?& |
|
|
#" # 8 #% ? %# * , $% |
|
|
#". 1 [3]. ' " " /" % &- |
|
|
# 8 C ?> * $#8 > # $$> |
|
|
: ! # >/ #"$# &*, ! # >/ |
|
|
" , #!# # |
& . |
|
" > $8 > C ?& #% 8- |
|
|
$/ #" # & @ " % #"#- |
|
|
8>8#, # & # $& # ? " "!- |
|
. 1. % % - $- |
8# * # " &* @ " @ 8 #- |
|
+ & * : |
. < #8 # % ? / |
" / |
1 — $ $# / #- |
8 # # $% $ * #? & A!- |
|
" #; 2 — " /" % &- |
! # @ 8$ ?& #% 8$ - |
|
# ; 3 — ? " / # " / |
/ #" # $# C C % " 8 |
|
$; 4 — $ #" C $; |
||
5 — " ; 6 — $ |
" " "> * C C % , ? #/ #" |
|
#" / # " #. # " # |
C $, " ? " / >?- |
|
|
C #% 8-$C # & . |
|
0 +
1.* .'., . . A!! # " # 8 & C $ - #% " E< C % "$ &* > " # // ! # 8 >- " # « % $8>D& " * ""##. &* > "$> 2007» ( " ). 2008. E. 50—53.
2.1 & / & . . ## ? " ? # > " % C %- #/ $? > 8 C % & C /, # "# 8 C& # >8# C#- 8# $#8 " 8# // # " # C %>. 2012. |4. E. 57—60.
3.* .'., . . E D " # & C## " # # $# C C % C % "$ &* > " # " $& # 8 $ $ - >D / #" > // # " # C %>. 2012. |4. E. 31—36.
56
8. . # 4 , ! . ( % «# »); ! . 0. . > 6 ( ' «" 1 >»)
-100
"$? &* #"& % ?> @= " # E-100' $% & $& # $& > "& # # # C , # C % ?- % C % # # C , # C % ? % C #"& . U# #/ #"& , > 8>/ " # /, " " E 6331—78, C % ? % >/ #"&-— E 5583—78, " 1, #8 @ #" 8 99,5 % $ ?\ 8 #" 8 "& , #& , & C#, > & > # & $#8- " / # #8 @ %$. % #8 #" 8 99,6 % $ ?\ 8 #" # 8 "& , #& , & C# # > $#8 " /.
U# #/ #"& > " " # / % > & # #- C #"& $ & # 8 & 0,7 C"/"82, # #/ % $ &- # 8 0,7 C"/"82. % ? % >/ #"& ( % ) > " — "$ - > ? && > $ & # 8 400+20, 150, 230, 350 C"/"82.
' " ? > " ## $& "$" ? C& ? C & # %-$ # & >" C & # " 8 # % % / & / - / #!# ## [1, 2]. < # ? " ## " = " & @ " "&- @=# & C# " # $"">:
-#" % 8 # " # $#8 " /;
-" # % $D > 8$"" " & # 8 C $"& / "$# 8$"" ;
-" D % & C# # #" # "# C& # #& ;
-C& ? & # % $8 C "D# # # "" &* > #& ;
-" # # % # % & # C #"& # % .
E # E-100' " " # #% 8$"" C # & C# " C ? # , %8 = C &* 8 & " # / "- > C ? # . & ? "$# 8 / ? > " ## 8$& &@ " "8 # $#$ &* 8 &- " 8 ! C A& " # #$ E-200-30-/400 , 8 = " *@ 200 ' .
0 +
1.L . ., !" 0. . % & # % 8 8 C& ? C & # . .: D# " # , 1973.
2.(+ * . . " # C > " . .: D# " # , 1979.
57
&. . # , ! .; ! . 0. . , . . ., . ( % «# »)
!!
% > # C > 8 D# > ( ) E # C " = 8 - & @ " #8# #% " 8> #"$&*% 8> " # " C 8 C ? %# "-# "#" 8 8# # C / # #. E # C D D# $#8 # $& #%# / $$ -#$% ?& C 8 &>8 8 "" C ? # >8, A C # " #8, #? # >8, " # " #8 - #" # 8, >" #8 " " >8# $8 8# [1].
' /D / " " & @= / E # C & " C # >/$& ?8 # . C > %8 = @ " , $#& , 8 $ - " " ? C ?\ 8 $D / 8 D# > # $ $8 8> @ " #8 # 8 C % 8, & # # " " * C " = " 8 @- " # $# . " >" # $& > C % # C-8 C ?> * ? "$> &* % " "#&* % # / $ - " # $& ?8 " # C [2]. #8 "& # 8 @ " # #% /, # 8 8 " &* " > & / 88, $& # # ? % / " > # $& " # #% 8 & / " #. E # #%C- & @ #% 8 C / / $& #. E = " >8 " 8 " > " & " 8 & $& 8 " *. ?\ 8 8 && # "- " & & 30 % ?= C ?\ 8 .
# #% # & D # C % &@ " % 8 " / " # " C "$" C # , " " = @ #% "! # " # A& 8 (D # # 8 8 0,1÷1,75 88), % ">$8>?\ 8 $" C . ' "& $#8 # C " ">$/ " / $& 8 8 "" " # # " . $# A 8 C# " "$# & # $$ " ">$/ " / $# #%8 8 # 8 C % " . < A 8 $#8 # ">$/ " # $ D* "& , C $" #8 8 &$& 8 8 "" C , . . ?& " # #% # 8$.
' / ? ?>& $#% " " > $8 C-E # C " % >8# #$8# " # " & % &@- # & " ? % " # #"$&*% # % > #$ " $# 8$ -# " # # 77 [3].
0 +
1.- . . # # C # . .: C #% , 1977.
2.+ ! .X. # C > C % > 8 D# >. .: D# " # , 1982.
3.(+ * .. " # C > " . .: D# " # , 1979.
58
#. . #! > , ! .; ! . . . !/ , . . ., . . . ( % «# »)
& #""& # $& !#%# " # $?& 8 8 #"$" C "$ # $#&& > " / " % A "$#8 &* " . "-" " # #% "& @=# " /: 8 / 8 >; "#" 8> $# ? / # " #; 8 / "#" 8>; "#" 8> 8 & C## # C ## " # .
? # " *, $ & # 8 $ % C 8 #"- $" > $&*, > #% C ? % @ $#&& @ " @. " @ & > " D %8 = # , # " %?# "# > 8 #"$" > $. "$ " # $ $#" #"$# &* / ? / 8 . E $8 =*@ 8 / "#" 8> 8 8 #%8 * & # 8 "! C & # & # / / #.
' 8 "#" 8 " " # #% 8 > &$, # C > & D ( # # & D #), "#" 8> # # # &- # .
< / 8 $, " ?# @ " # @@ # & D , C % 8- % @ # & @ " –10 °E. D ? #8 & ? "$# "- ?#&* C & # ? / 8 .
% ? $C 88 # $Z " Z " "& ?> & D # $# % > # 8 $#&& > " /.
A "$#8 &* / " $> " > A "$#8 > $ #""& #@ $& !#%# " # $?& 8 8 #"$" C "$ # $#&& > " /.
! " #, 12-08- 01170-.
0 +
1.# ) $" & > 8#D #. $# # " 8 &* / .'. • , .•. # " #/, .E. 8# # # . <$# No1717. .: % &*" , 2002.
2.Bukharov A., Buescher M., Gerasimov A., Chernetsky V. Dynamics of Cryogenic Jets: Non Rayleigh Breakup and Onset of Non-Axisymmetri Motions. Phys.Rev.Lett.100:174505, 2008.
59
.3. , ! .; ! . &. . , . . ., . ( % «# »)
-
' # $& " " > " ( ) $% A 8# * $ - # $ # " #%# * «$& % C % # » @= / " > % " A!! # C #"$&*% # #%$# &* / $& > $ - C C , C C # $# C $#" # . < "$# >8$& # 8 % # # $& " " > & C#/ " # " " % # 8?# # > "#" 8 # # # # # $& " ? # — $- & " " > " #/ ( E), "$" ? > 8 >$& * ! ## & #&* / 8 D# > # $& C " " [1]. & ? "$# C& C- # C #8 & # , $& # # C C " ? # #& C 8 $" & " 8 $& " " / " ##, #"$&*% @= / #%$ - # &* @ $& C C " # # C > . % ? 8 8 # " # 8$*@ ( $ MathCad) 8 &* E, " $8- =*@ / $ " #""& # A C # " # - #" # # A 8# " # $% & / & & C , &@ R22 # R134 . $& ?8 > #" # # C > $& ?8 # - "* $ % &* 8 $& > " $C 88 ANSYS. & - &* C #$% 8$ #$# # " ## ? C = " $# A "$& ## "& # " " C C# $" > #- " # # E ( #". 1) $ &- # $&$#% # &* " # # $?& 8 / 8 = " # % #"#8 " # 8$C #8 #" # #%$ - # &* / $& > # $?# & .
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 10 |
|
11 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
1 00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 0 |
|
|
10 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
8 0 |
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
7 0 |
Q 0 |
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
6 0 |
|
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
5 0 |
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
4 0 |
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
3 0 |
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 0 |
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
4 5 47 .5 |
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
40 42 .5 |
|
|
10 |
5 |
0 |
-5 |
|
35 37 .5 |
tk |
|
|
|
|
-10 -15 -20 30 |
32 .5 |
|
|
|
|
|
t0 |
|
|
|
||
. 1. U !-!" " R22
0 +
1. () . ., ! " . ., +- . . & #&* > 8 D# > # $& > " ">. .: C$8#% , 1988.
60