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- •Train the reading of the words:
- •Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:
- •Vocabulary development: word building:
- •Text Life-secure in extreme situations
- •Speaking:
- •Vocabulary development: word building.
- •Text Mitigating the emergency consequences
- •Grammar study: learn grammar peculiarities of the text.
- •Speaking:
- •Checklist for Introduction:
- •Section I
- •Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:
- •Vocabulary development: word building:
- •Text Earthquake Hits Indonesia and Solomon Islands
- •Grammar study: Participle I.
- •Earthquake kills hundreds in Peru
- •Speaking:
- •Checklist for Section I:
- •Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:
- •Vocabulary development: word building:
- •Text The prediction of hurricanes and earthquakes
- •Grammar study: learn grammar peculiarities of the text.
- •Trailer Park Trash Grows
- •Speaking:
- •Checklist for Section II
- •Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:
- •Vocabulary development: word building:
- •Text Scientists warn: more bad storms on the way
- •Grammar study: Participle I.
- •How scientists forecast hurricanes and typhoons
- •Speaking:
- •Checklist for Section III
- •Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:
- •Vocabulary development: word building:
- •Text Devastation caused by tsunami
- •Grammar study: the verb to be.
- •Warning the hazards of flood cleanup work
- •Speaking:
- •Checklist for Section IV
- •Section V
- •Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:
- •Vocabulary development: word building:
- •Text a European Sahara?
- •Grammar study: Nominative Infinitive Construction
- •Withering (гибель) soils and crops
- •Speaking:
- •Vocabulary development: word building:
- •Text Air incidents
- •8 Killed in plane crash near Moscow
- •Speaking:
- •Checklist for Section I
- •Section II
- •Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:
- •Vocabulary development: word building:
- •Text Nature pollution
- •Grammar study: Participle II в функции определения
- •The environment
- •Speaking:
- •Checklist for Section II
- •Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:
- •Vocabulary development: word building:
- •Text Air contamination
- •Grammar study: Objective Infinitive Construction
- •Air contamination caused by human activity
- •Speaking:
- •Checklist for Section III
- •Section IV
- •Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:
- •Vocabulary development: word building:
- •Text Electrical hazards
- •Grammar study: Participle I
- •Electrical precautions
- •Speaking:
- •Text Noise
- •Grammar study: Forms Participle I
- •Speaking
- •Checklist for Section V
- •Библиографический список:
- •Contents
Grammar study: the verb to be.
Глагол to be может выполнять различные функции – вспомогательного глагола, глагола-связки, смыслового глагола и модального. В качестве модального глагола to be употребляется в сочетании с инфинитивом с частицей «to» для выражения необходимости совершения действия согласно предварительной договоренности или заранее намеченному плану и переводится на русский язык «должен, должен был(и)» в зависимости от времени. В будущем времени глагол to be для выражения долженствования не употребляется.
Sample: Construction works are to start in July 2005. – Строительные работы должны начаться в июле 2005 года.
Exercise 3. Define the function of the –ing words in the text:
considering all this…; taking light furniture….; the load- bearing structure; coming at a high cost…
Exercise 4. Insert the proper word into the sentence:
The design of a new house is based on very strong (бетонный) columns.
The government decided (переселить) the population.
The relocation of the coastal communities (насчитывало) several thousands of people.
(Пространство) between the columns are filled with some materials.
Now, a tsunami safe house is able (выдержать) wind or water blasts.
(Несущая конструкция) is very strong now.
The dwellers have a chance (выживать).
A house for one family (стоить) not very much.
Exercise 5. Translate into English:
После ужасного цунами пострадало население нескольких стран.
Прибрежные поселения оказались в зоне бедствия и разрушений.
Обычные дома не могли выдержать сильных порывов ветра и воды.
Порывы ветра были чрезвычайно разрушительными и у людей было мало шансов выжить.
Была предложена новая конструкция домов с мощными бетонными колоннами и легкими перегородками.
Стоимость каждого дома невелика, так как все строительные материалы можно найти на острове.
Новые дома должны быть построены за счет пожертвований.
Exercise 6. Read the additional text and translate it without dictionary using the vocabulary of the previous sections and the following words from this text:
clean up |
уборка, чистка | |
to taper off |
сужаться, зд.: прекращаться, утихать | |
flood water |
наводнение | |
to recede |
отступать | |
to cease |
[sI:s] переставать, прекращаться | |
to dislodge |
удалять, смещать |
Warning the hazards of flood cleanup work
Working in flooded areas it should be remembered that when the seemingly endless rain tapers off and the flood waters recede, they will continue to face a number of hazards associated with cleanup activities. Unfortunately, the danger of a flood does not end when the rains cease and it is necessary to prevent illnesses and injures that can accompany cleanup efforts.
Flood waters can rearrange and damage natural walkways, as well as sidewalks, parking lots, roads, buildings, and open fields. Never assume that water–damaged structures or ground are stable. Buildings that have been submerged or have withstood rushing flood waters may have suffered structural damage and could be dangerous. Don’t work in or around any flood–damaged building until it has been examined and certified as safe for work by a registered professional engineer or architect. Assume all stairs, floors, and roofs are unsafe until they are inspected. Leave immediately if shifting or unusual noises signal a possible collapse.
Flood waters can also dislodge tanks, drums, pipes, and equipment, which may contain hazardous materials such as pesticides or propane. Do not attempt to move unidentified dislodged containers without first contacting the local fire department or hazardous material team. If working in potentially contaminated areas, avoid skin contact or inhalation of vapors by wearing appropriate protective clothing and respirators.