Тема 6. «Коксование, история процесса и его структура» Module 9

Task 1. Remember the following words:

crude tar – сырой деготь, смола volatile matter – летучие вещества pulverized coal – пылевидный уголь blend – смесь, сочетание; смешивать be responsible for – отвечать за hearth [] –топка, под печи

ash – зола sulphur – сера pig iron – чугун в чушках refine – очищать per cent [] –процент grade – сорт, стандарт fuse – плавить

Task 2. Сonsult a dictionary and read the international words

carbonaceous, porous, refinery, destructive, naturally, distillation, temperature, injection, traditional, material, product, problem, chemical, granular

Task 3. Read the text and answer the questions below

1. What is coke?

2. When and where was first coke produced?

3. What can coke be made from?

4. What does the resulting product of coke consist of?

5. What is coke produced from coals like?

6. How is coke coal produced?

Coke is a fuel with few impurities and high carbon content, usually

made from coal. It is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes made from coal are grey, hard, and porous. While coke can be formed naturally, the commonly used form is man-made. The form known as petroleum coke, or pet coke, is derived from oil refinery coker units or other cracking processes.

Historical sources dating to the 4th century describe the production of coke in ancient China. The Chinese first used coke for heating and cooking no later than the ninth century CE. By the first decades of the eleventh century, Chinese ironworkers in the Yellow River valley began to fuel their furnaces with coke, solving their fuel problem in that tree-sparse region. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coke_(fuel)

Coal Coke is made by baking a blend of selected bituminous coals (called metallurgical coal or coking coal) in special high temperature ovens without contact with air until almost all of the volatile matter is driven off. The resulting product,

coke,consists principally of carbon. A short ton (короткая тонна (применяется в США = 907,2 кг;) of coal yields (содержит) about 1,400 pounds of coke and a variety of by-products such as crude coal tar, light oils, and ammonia (аммиак), which are refined to obtain various chemical products. About 1,100 pounds of coke are consumed for every short ton of pig iron produced.

Among the recent technological changes that are responsible for reducing the use of traditional coke in blast furnaces is the use of pulverized coal injection, a process developed in the 1960's by Armco Steel. By using pulverized coal injection, steel companies can reduce the need for coke by as much as 40 per cent; cut down on (уменьшить, сократить) environmental problems associated with coke production, and reduce the need for other, more costly supplemental blast furnace fuels, such as natural gas. Pulverized coal, which has the consistency of face powder, is made from the relatively abundant lower grades of coal and blown into the blast furnace. Granular (зернистый, гранулированный) coal, similar in size to sugar, is also being tested in blast furnaces.

Task 4. Read the text and answer the questions and fill in the chart below it

1. What are volatile constituents of the coal and how are they driven off?

2. What set of criteria must bituminous coal meet?

3. What do coal blending considerations include?

4. What does the number of volatile products depend on?

5. How is natural coke made?

6. What is beehive coke oven?

7. How many ovens can a battery consist of?

8. How is coal introduced into the beehive coke oven?

9. What is air initially supplied for?

10. How does carbonization proceed?

11. Why aren’t by-products recovered?

12. What can slag be used for?