- •§1. The English language
- •History
- •History of the english language
- •1. The Mixing Starts
- •2. No More Invasions
- •3. Shakespeare
- •4. The Best seller of all time
- •5. Modern English
- •6. Features of the English language
- •7. English today
- •1. Learn the following words and phrases:
- •2. Make a short summary of the text.
- •§ 2. From the earliest history of the British Isles (the celtic sagas)
- •1. Topical vocabulary:
- •2. Find in the text all the name of tribes used with the definite article. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •7. Make the words from the text using the letters:
- •8. Complete the sentences:
- •9. Say whether the following sentences are true or false:
- •10. Answer the question using the text:
- •11. Give a short summary of the text using the following words and word combinations:
- •12. Read the passages describing some traditions of Celtic paganism and translate them into Russian. Druids
- •§ 3. The Romans in Britain
- •1. Topical vocabulary:
- •8. Read Rudyard Kipling's poem "a Pict Song" and answer the questions that follow.
- •A pict song
- •Literature of the Middle Ages
- •1. Topical vocabulary:
- •2. Find in the text the following verbs used in the Passive Voice and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •3. Give the corresponding nouns:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the suitable prepositions:
- •5. Match English and Russian equivalents:
- •6. Make up sentences using the words and word-combinations:
- •7. Compose your own questions on the text reflecting the main idea of every paragraph (try to use all types of questions).
- •8. Give a short summary of the text according to your answers.
- •9. Fill in the gaps in the passage about Bede using the correct forms of the verbs in the frame:
- •Anglo-norman period (11th – 13th centuries)
- •Pre-renaissance (14th-15th centuries)
- •1. Topical vocabulary:
- •2. Find the following word-combinations in the text and translate sentences including them:
- •3. Paraphrase using the Active Voice:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the suitable prepositions:
- •5. Transform as in the model:
- •6. Match English and Russian equivalents:
- •7. Say whether the following sentences are true or not:
- •8. Find in the text the sentences dealing with:
- •9. Say everything you know about the development of the English language during the period from the 11th to the 15th centuries?
- •§ 6. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)
- •2. Look through the words and phrases. Find their synonyms in the text:
- •7. Here is some information on Chaucer's life. Work in pairs. Read the passages, tell each other what you've learnt and complete the table which follows the passages.
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part II
- •§ 7. Literature of the Renaissance (end of the 15th – beginning of the 17th century)
- •2. Find in the text the following word-combinations and translate the sentences which include them:
- •3. Use the necessary prepositions:
- •4. Match English and Russian equivalents:
- •5. Use the appropriate antonyms instead of underlined words and word-combinations:
- •6. Choose the right variant:
- •8. Give a short summary of the text.
- •§ 8. William Shakespeare
- •William shakespeare (1564–1616)
- •1. Topical vocabulary:
- •In fair round belly with good capon lin'd,
- •Into the lean and slipper's pantaloon,
- •Is second childishness and mere oblivion
- •9. Read Shakespeare's Sonnet 57 and write your answers to the questions.
- •§ 9. John Milton (1608–1677)
- •1. Topical vocabulary:
- •2. Reproduce the sentences in which the following phrases were used:
- •3. Find in text the Passive forms of the following verbs:
- •4. Use the suitable prepositions:
- •5. Complete the list of synonyms:
- •6. Paraphrase the following using word-combinations from the text instead of those in the bold type:
- •7. Transform as in the Model:
- •8. Match English and Russian equivalents:
- •9. Match the two parts of the sentences:
- •10. Say whether the following sentences are true or false. Prove it.
- •11. Make up your own questions on the text.
- •12. Give a short summary of the text.
- •§ 10. Literature of the Enlightenment
- •1. Topical vocabulary:
- •2. Translate the following:
- •3.Are these statements true or false?
- •§ 11. Daniel Defoе (1660-1731)
- •1. Topical vocabulary:
- •2. Find in the text the following words and word-combinations and translate the sentences, which include them:
- •3. Insert the necessary prepositions:
- •4. Transform as in the Model:
- •5. Put the words in the right order to make up sentences:
- •6. Use synonyms from the text instead words:
- •8. Say whether the following sentences are true or false:
- •9. Answer the following questions:
- •10. Give a short summary of the text.
- •§ 12. Jonathan swift (1667–1745)
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •13. Henry Fielding (1707-1754)
- •1. Topical vocablulary:
- •2. Translate into Russian:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •4. Match the synonyms:
- •5. Choose the right version:
- •6. Answer the question:
- •7. Make a short summary of the text.
- •§ 14. Robert Burns (1759-1796)
- •1. Topical vocabulary:
- •2. Find in the text the following words and word-combinations and translation the sentences, which include them:
- •3. Use the necessary prepositions:
- •4. Give the appropriate derivatives (Verb – Noun) :
- •5. Use synonyms from the text instead of underlined words:
- •6. Match Russian and English equivalents:
- •7. Say whether the following sentences are true or false:
- •8. Answer the following questions:
- •9. Give a short summary of the text.
Pre-renaissance (14th-15th centuries)
The 14th century was a difficult time for England. The country was waging the Hundred Year's War with France. At the same time England suffered from three epidemics of the plague. This was a real tragedy for the country, because half of its population died from the "black death".
Norman-French and Anglo-Saxon were moulded into one national language only towards the beginning of the 14th century. During this stormy century the English nation was being formed, English became the spoken language of the country, English literature was born.
The London dialect was the central dialect and could be understood throughout the country. That's why it was the London dialect from which the national language developed. Sir Gawain and Green Knight (c.1373) is a treasure of the period. Written by an unknown author it is rich in details about the manners, dress and sports of the time. The scholastic Latin Church literature still ranked high, but a new spirit was already noticeable in the cultural life of the country. The new spirit was marked by an optimism unknown to the Middle Ages. It was best reflected in the works by Geoffrey Chaucer, the last poet of the Middle Ages and the first poet who paved the way for English realistic literature, free of the influence of the Church.
1. Topical vocabulary:
|
to defeat |
наносить поражение |
to abandon |
покидать |
|
to establish |
устанавливать |
to surrender |
уступать, сдаваться |
|
knight |
рыцарь |
bachelor |
бакалавр |
|
to suppress |
подавлять |
master |
магистр |
|
vowel |
гласная |
to wage |
вести, проводить |
|
diphthong |
дифтонг |
to mould |
формировать |
|
to express |
выражать |
treasure |
сокровище |
|
supremacy |
верховенство, превосходство |
|
|
2. Find the following word-combinations in the text and translate sentences including them:
A strong feudal monarchy; the power of the Catholic church; the language of the nobility; to have one's own literature; to bring the romance; Knights of the Round Table; to support the feudal system; an oppressed nation; any memorable literature; to be nearing; to mean a thing or an idea; a difference in the meaning; a store of synonyms; formal speech; to form the first university; a difficult time; this was a real tragedy; to become the spoken language; the central dialect; an unknown author; to rank high; an optimism unknown to the Middle Ages.
3. Paraphrase using the Active Voice:
The army was defeated by William; a strong feudal monarchy was established; three languages were spoken; Anglo-Saxon dialects were not suppressed; the newly formed pronunciation; French suffixes began to be used; the idea was clearly expressed; an interesting example is to be found; his swine will be turned into Normans; the words are used in conversation; corporations were called "universities"; schools were founded; the second university was formed; the graduates were awarded degrees.