- •Ю.Н. Сидоренко и.Н. Чурилова теплоэнергетика
- •Module I The Participle
- •Participle I
- •Participial constructions The Absolute Participial Construction
- •I The Absolute Participle Construction with p I (non-prepositional)
- •II The Prepositional Absolute Participle Construction with Participle I
- •III The Absolute Participle Construction with Participle II (non-prepositional)
- •IV The Prepositional Absolute Participle Construction with Participle II
- •Self-Training Exercises
- •Translate the sentences into Russian and explain the difference between Participle I and Participle II. Define the functions
- •Translate into English using the Participle II
- •3. Define the Participial construction with Participle I after the determinate word. Note that Participles should be translated in the tense in which the predicate of the main clause is used
- •Define the Participial constructions with Participle I, translate the sentences
- •Translate the sentences. Define the Participial constructions with Perfect Participle
- •Active Words and Expressions
- •Electrical Current Serves Us In a Thousand Ways
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the participle
- •Form four sentences using the words given below
- •Give short answers to the following questions
- •Translate the following sentences
- •Text 2 Energy Active words and expressions
- •Exercises
- •Find the participle in the text and define its function
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the participle
- •Compare a and b and define the function of the participle
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participle Construction
- •Give short answers to the following questions
- •Module 2 The Gerund
- •Признаки герундия
- •Перевод герундия на русский язык
- •The Gerund can be used:
- •Text 1 Lightning Active Words and Expressions
- •Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the Gerund
- •Complete the following sentences using the Gerund according to the model given below
- •Find the Gerund in the text, define its function
- •Put questions to the words in bold type
- •Form verbs from the following nouns
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in bold type
- •Text 2 Active words and expressions
- •Atmospheric Electricity
- •Exercises Complete the following sentences using the Gerund
- •Translate the following sentences using the Gerund
- •Find the Gerund in the text, define its function
- •A) Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs, wherever necessary
- •What questions are answered by the words in bold type in the following sentences?
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to both, both…and
- •Fill in the blanks with prepositions
- •Translate into Russian
- •Form five sentences combining suitable parts of the sentence given in Columns I and II
- •Describe Franklin’s kite experiment
- •Give a short summary of the text
- •I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive
- •II. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type
- •III. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the Infinitive
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the words one or for
- •IX. Explain the meaning of the following compound words
- •X. Retell Volta’s biography Text 2 Electric Current
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following sentences and define the infinitive constructions
- •2. According to the models given below form sentences combining suitable parts of the sentence given in Columns 1,2,3,4
- •3. Translate the following sentences using the infinitive
- •4. Make up questions and answer them. Work in pairs
- •Explain why
- •Define the meaning of the following words
- •7. The following statements are not true to fact. Correct them
- •8. Give headings to each paragraph of the text
- •9. Put two questions to each paragraph of the text. Ask your partner to answer them
- •10. Give an abstract of the text
Active Words and Expressions
source – источник furnace - печь
contribution – вклад to make use of - использовать
application - применение everyday life – повседневная жизнь
to imagine – представить to measure - измерять
as for – что касается to serve – служить, обслуживать
current - ток to transform - преобразовывать
device - прибор owing to - благодаря
to be familiar with – хорошо знать to weigh – весить
to do without – обходиться без to heat - нагревать
mention - отмечать
Electrical Current Serves Us In a Thousand Ways
The electric current was born in the year 1800 when Volta constructed the first source of continuous current. Since that time numerous scientists and inventors, Russian and foreign, have greatly contributed to its further development and practical application.
As a result, we cannot imagine modern civilization without the electric current. We can’t imagine how people could do without the electric lamp, without vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines and other electrically operated devices that are widely used today. In fact, telephones, lifts, electric trams and trains, radio and television have been made possible only owing to the electric current.
The student reading this article is certainly familiar with the important part which the electric current plays in our everyday life. From the moment when he gets up in the morning until he goes to bed at night, he widely uses electric energy. Only going to the Institute either on foot or by bicycle, can he do without electricity. In fact, it is well known that electric current is necessary for the operation of trolley-buses and modern trains.
During the day he (that is the reading student) will also use some electrical devices, working in the laboratory, making use of the telephone, the lift, the tram and so on. As for the evening, if he studies or reads, by an electric lamp, watches television, goes to the theatre or cinema, he certainly uses electricity.
Some people are more familiar with the various applications of the electric current in their everyday life than they are with its numerous industrial applications. However, electric energy finds its most important use in industry. Take, for example, the electric motor, transforming electric energy into mechanical energy. It finds a wide application at every mill and factory. As for the electric crane, it can easily lift objects weighing thousands of tons.
A good example which is illustrating an important industrial use of the electric current is the electrically heated furnace. Great masses of metal melted in such furnaces flow like water. Speaking of the melted metals, we might mention one more device using electricity – that is the electric pyrometer. The temperature of hot flowing metals can be easily measured owing to the electric pyrometer.
These are only some of the various industrial applications of the electric current serving us in a thousand ways.