- •Экономический английский
- •Contents
- •Раздел 1……………………………………………………………………..450
- •Раздел 2…………………………………………………………………..…455
- •Раздел 3……………………………………………………………………..473 Предисловие
- •Методическая записка
- •Part 1 Unit 1
- •1. Business Is Booming Almost Everywhere
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Lada Can Hear Its Rivals Gaining AvtoVaz' dominance faces a serious threat as foreign car plants spring up in Russia
- •Slow off the mark
- •Vocabulary:
- •3. Can Stringer stop Sony malfunctioning?
- •Vocabulary:
- •4. Carmakers Eye Romania Factory
- •Vocabulary:
- •5. Privatisation Plan for Swisscom
- •Vocabulary:
- •6. Siemens Steps up China Growth
- •Vocabulary:
- •7.Hsbc usa Posts Robust Earnings
- •8.Hidden Value Let Loose Chipmaker Freescale, spun from Motorola, is a prime example of the power of spin-offs
- •9. Philip Morris Moves To Boost Food Unit
- •10. Japanese May Aid Chemicals Industry
- •12. Azucarera Agrees To Acquire Puleva In 590 Million Deal
- •14.Poison Pill Defence For News Corp
- •Part 1 Unit 2
- •Section 1 producing the goods lead-in
- •15. Japan's Production Increases But Analysts Expect Slowdown Soon
- •Vocabulary:
- •16. Manufacturing And the Price of Outsourcing
- •Vocabulary:
- •17.JpMorgan Steps up Indian Offshoring
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 costs and expenses, economies of scale
- •18. Eu Farm Agreement Reached, But Budget Questions Linger
- •Vocabulary:
- •19. Hitachi Raises Flat-panel tv Profile
- •Vocabulary:
- •20. Honda's 2nd Quarter Net Fell 8.5%
- •Vocabulary:
- •21. Ford Posts Record Results in Third Quarter
- •Vocabulary:
- •22. Ericsson Upbeat Despite Drop in Profits
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary
- •23. Latin America Starts to Compete
- •Its businesses are in better shape than its balance of payments might suggest
- •Vocabulary:
- •24. Bankless Banking
- •Vocabulary:
- •Stolen Jobs?
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part 1 Unit 3
- •Section 1 key economic indicators lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •25. Eurozone Recovery Boosts Confidence
- •Vocabulary:
- •26. Is the u.S. Current Account Deficit Sustainable?
- •Vocabulary:
- •27. Data Show Europe's Economies Are on Separate Paths
- •Vocabulary:
- •28. Dormant for Now, Inflation Shows Signs of Awakening
- •Vocabulary:
- •29. Will This Slowdown Be Satisfactory?
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 boom and bust lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •30. Losing Balance and Monentum?
- •Vocabulary:
- •31.The Next Downturn
- •Vocabulary:
- •32. The Economy Is Too Darn Hot
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 record highs and record lows; ups and downs lead-in
- •These words are used to talk about prices when they rise by larger amounts or increase quickly or sharply: jump, leap, roar ahead (up), rocket, shoot ahead (up), skyrocket, soar, surge (ahead);
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •33. Russia's booming economy
- •It's not about just oil and gas
- •Saving and spending
- •Home grown
- •Too fast to last
- •Vocabulary:
- •34. Euro-Zone Prices May Heat Up Soon
- •Vocabulary:
- •35. Rise In Orders Fails to Lift Economy Gloom
- •Section 4 money management lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •36. Tightening Has Begun To Take Hold
- •Vocabulary:
- •37. From t-shirts to t-bonds
- •Vocabulary:
- •38. G7 Cautions on Inflationary Pressures
- •Vocabulary:
- •39. Bank of Japan Pressed to Ease Monetary Policy
- •Vocabulary:
- •40. Fed Report Shows Economy Remains Robust
- •Vocabulary:
- •The Asian Crash
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part 1 Unit 4
- •Section 1 sellers, buyers, consumers, and key players lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •41. From Market Driven to Market Driving
- •Vocabulary:
- •42. Cadbury Shakes up Its us Drinks
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 marketing mix and target markets lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •43. Saturated Retail Market Could Limit Expansion
- •44. Mobile Market Expanding Rapidly in India Country adding five million new wireless connections per month
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 products, services and brands; upmarket and downmarket lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •45. Lg's White-Hot White Goods
- •Vocabulary:
- •46. A Brand New Opportunity In the Empty Nest
- •Vocabulary:
- •47. Everybody Loves a Winner — or do they?
- •Section 4 advertsing and promotion lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •48.Colgate Glides Past Stumbling Competitors
- •Vocabulary:
- •49. Electrolux Blames Fall on Paranoia
- •Vocabulary:
- •Chinese Imports Prompt Posco Discounts
- •Part 1 Unit 5
- •Financial instruments and stock exchanges section 1 raising finance lead-in
- •Texts to translate:
- •50. Stocks in trade
- •Vocabulary:
- •51. Ipsen ipo marks Paris high point
- •52. Swiss Machine Tool Group in ipo
- •Section 2 market players. Trading on the markets lead-in
- •53. Siemens Seeks us Expansion as adRs Launch
- •Vocabulary:
- •54. Bear Markets
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 unveiling results lead-in
- •54. Russian Stocks Climb to Record
- •55. Treasury Prices Fall as Investors Return to Stocks Rally in Equities Markets Puts Pressure on Bonds
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 4 derivatives lead-in
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Text to translate:
- •57. Future Perfect
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 5 wrongdoing, corruption, insider dealing lead-in
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Text to translate:
- •58. Soros found guilty of insider trading
- •59. Toyota Faces Insider Trading Probe Around Share Buyback
- •Vocabulary check
- •Investors shun Fibernet after rights issue
- •1. What was the strategic decision that required the capital Fibernet raised from the rights issue?
- •2. Using evidence from the text and your own knowledge, explain why you think that Fibernet used a rights issue of shares rather than taking out long-term loans.
- •3. Examine the likely reaction of shareholders to this financing decision in:
- •Vocabulary revision – unit 5
- •Part 1 Unit 6
- •Section 1 types of accounting and the basic accounting equation lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •60. The Power of Four
- •Imbalance sheet
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 the balance sheet
- •Balance Sheet for Wal-Mart
- •61. Bank Reform in Japan
- •Vocabulary:
- •62. Asset Finance
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 financial statements and the bottom line lead-in
- •63. Strong Fundamentals and Fundamental Analysis
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 4 bankruptcies lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •64. Bankruptcies reach another record
- •Vocabulary:
- •65. Bad Debts Build up at Lloyds tsb
- •66. Poor Planning
- •Vocabulary:
- •67. Turkey Outlines New Package of Radical Structural Reforms
- •Vocabulary:
- •Europe's Enron
- •Part 1 Unit 7
- •Section1 company structure lead-in
- •68. Tough at the top
- •Vocabulary:
- •69. Fit for Hiring? It’s Mind Over Matter
- •Vocabulary:
- •70. The Truth About Work
- •Vocabulary:
- •71. The new global shift
- •Vocabulary:
- •72. Firing the Boss
- •Vocabulary:
- •73. In the money
- •Vocabulary:
- •74. The rewards of failure
- •75. Executive Pay Soars But May Have Peaked
- •Mitsubishi Motors to rejig structure
- •Part 1 Unit 8
- •76. The physical internet
- •21St-century clippers
- •77. Negotiation Strategies
- •Vocabulary:
- •Troubled Waters
- •Part 1 Unit 9
- •78. Royal Insurance
- •Vocabulary:
- •79. Insuring for the future?
- •80. Papers, papers everywhere
- •Shop Around for the Best Car Insurance
- •Vocabulary:
- •Методические рекомендации
- •Основы реферирования и аннотирования. Практические рекомендации
- •Part 2 Unit 1
- •One world?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Expand the debate on globalisation
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the text.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Global capitalism, r.I.P.?
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Globalisation»
- •Part 2 Unit 2
- •Trade winds
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The Harsh Truth About Outsourcing
- •It’s not a mutually beneficial trade practice – it’s outright labor arbitrage
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The race for the bottom
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Spoiling world trade
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Nothing’s free in this world
- •Vocabulary:
- •«World Trade»
- •Part 2 Unit 3
- •Bearing the weight of the market?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The future of the state
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Are the poor different?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Globalisation and tax
- •Shopping around
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text.
- •Inflation is dead
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Inflation»
- •Part 2 Unit 4
- •The “euro”
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Asking for trouble
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The Perils of Partnership
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Euro Blues
- •In search of reality
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Europe. Economic and Monetary Union» Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 5
- •Worldbeater, inc.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Behind america’s small business success story.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Thoroughly modern monopoly
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text.
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Business and Businesses» Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 6
- •Instant coffee as management theory.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Why too many mergers miss the mark
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions on it:
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Johannesburgers and fries.
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Management. Marketing». Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 7
- •A smoother ride, but less fun
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Dancing in Step
- •Individual stockmarkets are increasingly being driven by global rather than local factors
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text.
- •Investors in south-east asian equities
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Do you want to be in my band?” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Fixed and floating voters
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The uneasy crown
- •Making their case
- •Old hands
- •When the credit stops
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Financial Markets». Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 8
- •How safe is your bank?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The Collapse of Barings
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Liquid refreshments” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Central banks on the trail of the mutant inflation monster
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Monopoly Power Over Money
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Spot the trend” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The lloyds money machine
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Old news” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Rattling the piggy bank
- •Vocabulary:
- •Лексико-грамматические трудности перевода экономических текстов с английского языка на русский.
- •Лексико-грамматические трудности перевода экономических текстов с английского языка на русский.
- •Методическая записка
- •Раздел 1. Сущность процесса перевода. Словарь и словарные соответствия. Узкий и широкий контекст.
- •Раздел 1
- •Раздел 1
- •§1 Определение перевода
- •§2 Словарь и словарные соответствия
- •§3 Узкий и широкий контекст
- •Раздел 2
- •Раздел 2
- •§1 Перевод некоторых категорий слов
- •1.1 Термины
- •1.2 Сложные слова
- •1.3 Неологизмы
- •1.4 Имена собственные и географические названия
- •1.5 Названия организаций, учреждений, компаний и их сокращения
- •1.6 Интернациональные слова. Псевдоинтернациональные слова. Понятие коннотации слова
- •§2 Перевод сложных атрибутивных конструкций
- •§3 Перевод заголовков
- •§ 4 Лексические трансформации в процессе перевода
- •4.1 Дифференциация и конкретизация значений
- •4.2 Генерализация значений
- •4.3 Смысловое или логическое развитие при переводе
- •4.4 Антонимический перевод
- •4.5 Добавления и опущения слов в процессе перевода
- •§ 7 Способы передачи некоторых стилистических особенностей в процессе перевода
- •Раздел 3
- •§ 1 Выбор грамматической конструкции при переводе
- •§ 2 Порядок слов
- •§3 Модальные и вспомогательные глаголы
- •3.1 May (might)
- •3.2 Must
- •3.3 Should
- •3.5 Have to
- •3.6 Can (could)
- •§4 Инфинитив
- •4.1 Инфинитив в различных функциях
- •4.2 Инфинитивные конструкции
- •§ 5 Герундий
- •5.1 Герундий в функции обстоятельства
- •5.3 Герундиальный комплекс
- •§6 Причастие
- •6.1 Причастие в различных функциях
- •6.2 Причастные конструкции
- •6.3 Абсолютная причастная конструкция с предлогом with
- •6.4 Причастие в функции союзов и предлогов
- •§7 Страдательный залог (пассив)
- •§ 8 Оборот it is (was)… who (that, when и т.Д.)
- •§ 9 Служебные слова
- •9.1 Since
- •9.2 While
- •9.5 Once
- •9.6 Well
- •§ 10 Артикль
- •10.1 Определенный артикль
- •10.2 Неопределенный артикль
- •§ 11 Сослагательное наклонение
- •§12 Эллиптические конструкции
- •§ 13 Обзорные упражнения
- •Список использованной литературы
Vocabulary:
tenure - срок пребывания ( в должности )
up-market (high end of the market) - элитный рынок, рынок богатых потребителей
fiscal year (financial year) - отчётный или финансовый год (условный год, связанный с финансовой деятельностью; во многих странах начинается 1 апреля текущего года и кончается 31 марта следующего года; в США - с 1 октября по 30 сентября)
revenue – выручка; доход от продаж
losses – убытки
contribute - содействовать, способствовать
lay off – увольнять
piracy - нарушение авторского права, пиратство
spin off - отделять ( создавать отдельную, независимую организацию путем отделения части активов материнской компании )
TRANSLATION NOTES:
it may well suffer another loss – вполне возможно, что компания понесет новые (еще большие) убытки…
Слово another часто переводится не как другой, а как ещё один, очередной и т.д.
После модального глагола (перед основным) наречие well переводится как вполне. Сравните:
This work may well be done next week. – Эта работа вполне может быть сделана на следующей неделе. (См. часть Ш, раздел 3, §9, п.9.6)
music and films contributed some 40% of group operating profits – 40% операционной прибыли группы компаний получено за счет деятельности музыкального подразделения, а также подразделения, занимающегося кинопродукцией (См. часть Ш, раздел 2 ,§ 4)
VOCABULARY CHECK
-
Экономика как наука изучает то, как люди осуществляют выбор среди ограниченных ресурсов, которые могут использоваться для производства различных товаров и услуг с их последующим распределением и потреблением, с целью удовлетворения неограниченных потребностей.
-
Микроэкономика изучает поведение отраслей, фирм, домохозяйств, а также ситуации, которые возникают на отдельных рынках или в отраслях.
-
Макроэкономика имеет дело с экономикой в целом, анализирует изменение общего объема производства и то, каким образом в стране происходит распределение ограниченных ресурсов земли, труда и капитала.
-
Величина предложения - количество товара или услуги, которое производители готовы поставить по конкретной цене в течение определенного периода.
-
Конгломерат объединяет предприятия, принадлежащие различным отраслям экономики.
-
ТНК – крупные компании, деятельность которых осуществляется в разных странах мира.
-
Рыночная экономика основывается на принципе свободного предпринимательства.
SECTION 2 INDUSTRIES AND SECTORS, PARENTS AND SISTERS
LEAD-IN
There are many types of businesses, and, as a result, businesses can be classified in many ways. One of the most common focuses on the primary profit-generating activities of a business, for example:
Companies that make physical goods, such as cars or pipes, are considered manufacturers.
Service businesses offer intangible goods or services and typically generate a profit by charging for labour or other services provided to other businesses or consumers. Organizations ranging from house painters to consulting firms to restaurants are types of service businesses
Retailers and distributors act as middle-men in getting goods produced by manufacturers to the intended consumer, generating a profit as a result of providing sales or distribution services. Most consumer-oriented stores and catalogue companies are distributors or retailers.
Agriculture and mining businesses are concerned with the production of raw material, such as plants or minerals.
Financial businesses include banks and other companies that generate profit through investment and management of capital.
Information businesses generate profits primarily from the resale of intellectual property and include movie studios, publishers and packaged software companies.
Utilities produce public services, such as heat, electricity, or sewage treatment, and are usually government chartered.
Real estate businesses generate profit from the selling, renting, and development of properties, homes, and buildings.
Transportation businesses deliver goods and individuals from location to location, generating a profit on the transportation costs.
Businesses may be classified according to which industry they are in.
Sector is sometimes used to mean industry in the same way, but it is more often used to talk about different parts of the economy in combinations such as public sector and private sector, or about types of business in expressions like service sector and manufacturing sector.
Businesses can be divided into two main types: private and state-owned.
When a private company is bought by the state and brought into the public sector, it is nationalized in a process of nationalization. A nationalized company is state-owned.
When the state returns a company to the private sector in a sell-off, it is privatized. This is privatization.
Companies can be classified according to capital structure organisation. The most popular type is joint stock companies. There are more sole proprietorships and partnerships, but joint stock companies are bigger and produce a larger proportion of total output.
There are two types of joint-stock companies:
A private limited company is usually the smaller of the two types. It can range from a small family business, with just a few shareholders, to much larger companies. The shares of the company are not freely available for purchase by the general public.
A public limited company (plc) is a company whose shares must be freely available for purchase by the general public on a stock exchange. The company must have £50 000 worth of capital when it is formed.
Joint stock or equity is basic capital on which the company is set up. People sharing the stock or holding shares are called shareholders.
Stock is a share in the ownership of a company. Stock represents a claim on the company's assets and earnings. As you acquire more stock, your ownership stake in the company becomes greater. Whether you say shares, equity, stocks, or stock, it all means the same thing.
Another extremely important feature of stock is its limited liability, which means that, as an owner of a stock, you are not personally liable if the company is not able to pay its debts. Other companies such as partnerships are set up so that if the partnership goes bankrupt the creditors can come after the partners (shareholders) personally and sell off their house, car, furniture, etc. Owning stock means that, no matter what, the maximum value you can lose is the value of your investment. Even if a company of which you are a shareholder goes bankrupt, you can never lose your personal assets.
Ownership in the company is determined by the number of shares a person owns divided by the total number of shares outstanding. For example, if a company has 1000 shares of stock outstanding and a person owns 50 of them, then he/she owns 5% of the company. Most stock also provides voting rights, which give shareholders a proportional vote in certain corporate decisions.
Controlling interest (controlling stake; majority ownership; majority stake) is the ownership of more than 50% of a company's voting stock; or a significant fraction, even if less than 50%, if the rest of the shares are not actively voted. Likewise, minority ownership (minority stake) is the ownership of less than 50% of a corporation's voting stock, or not enough ownership to control company operations.
Two or more companies may decide to work together by setting up a joint venture or alliance in which each holds a stake.
A holding or holding company is a corporation that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operations by influencing or electing its Board of Directors. A company for which a majority of the voting stock is owned by a holding company is called subsidiary.
A holding company’s relationship to its subsidiaries is that of parent company, and the subsidiaries’ relationship to each other is that of sister companies. A holding and its subsidiaries form a group.
VOCABULARY
manufacturer manufacturing firm manufacturing company |
- изготовитель, производитель; фирма-производитель; производственная фирма, фирма-производитель; предприятие обрабатывающей промышленности |
service businesses service company service firm |
-предприятия (компании) сферы обслуживания (рестораны, магазины, парикмахерские, банки, учебные заведения) |
retailer |
- розничный торговец (индивидуальный предприниматель или компания, продающая потребителям товары и услуги, предназначенные для личного пользования, последнее звено в каналах распределения, связывающих производителей и покупателей) |
distributor |
- агент по продаже; оптовый торговец |
mining |
- разработка месторождения; добыча полезных ископаемых |
financial businesses |
- компании, занимающиеся финансовыми операциями |
utilities |
- коммунальные предприятия: предприятия, компании и корпорации, занятые оказанием коммунальных услуг (водоснабжение, канализация, электроснабжение и т. п.) |
real estate |
- недвижимое имущество, недвижимость |
transportation |
- перевозка, транспортировка |
industry (uncountable) an industry (countable) industries |
- промышленность, индустрия, производство - отрасль промышленности - различные отрасли промышленности |
sector |
- отрасль промышленности; сектор (экономики, рынка) |
public sector |
- государственный сектор |
private sector |
- частный сектор |
service sector |
- сфера услуг, сфера обслуживания |
manufacturing sector |
- обрабатывающая промышленность |
agricultural sector |
- агропромышленный комплекс |
nationalized |
- национализированный, государственный |
privatized |
- приватизированный, частный |
state-owned |
- государственный |
sell-off |
- распродавать (имущество, компанию) |
joint stock company |
- акционерная компания; акционерное общество (АО) создаваемое на основе долей собственности в капитале, представленными количеством акций в руках каждого акционера (Великобритания) |
sole proprietorship |
-индивидуальное частное предприятие: организационная форма предпринимательской деятельности одного лица (амер.) |
partnership |
- товарищество: организационная форма предпринимательского объединения двух или более частных лиц, не являющаяся корпорацией |
private limited company |
- частная компания с ограниченной ответственностью (компания с числом акционеров от двух до пятидесяти, ограниченным правом передачи акций, невозможностью выпуска акций и облигаций на свободный рынок, ограничением ответственности акционеров вложенным ими капиталом; после названия обычно пишется сокращение "Ltd.") |
public limited company (plc) |
- открытая акционерная компания, акционерное общество открытого типа В американском праве основными формами субъектов предпринимательской деятельности являются: sole proprietorship, partnership, business corporation; в английском праве различают две основные формы: partnership и company |
equity shareholders' equity share capital joint stock |
- собственный (акционерный) капитал: капитал, сформированный компанией за счет размещения акций |
shareholder |
- акционер, владелец акций, пайщик |
stake |
- доля, часть, участие (в капитале компании), ставка |
shares, equities, stocks, stock |
- акции |
limited liability |
- ограниченная ответственность |
shares outstanding |
- акции в обращении (на руках у акционеров); выпущенные и находящиеся в обращении акции |
controlling interest controlling stake majority ownership majority stake |
- контрольный [мажоритарный] пакет акций (участие в капитале компании, дающее право контроля за ее деятельностью; обычно считается, что для контроля необходимо владеть более чем 50% голосующих акций, но при наличии множества мелких акционеров для эффективного контроля может быть достаточно и 20-30% ) |
minority ownership minority stake |
- второстепенное участие в капитале (меньшая доля); миноритарный [неконтрольный] пакет акций |
joint venture |
- совместное предприятие, совместная деятельность |
alliance |
- союз, соглашение |
holding company |
- холдинговая компания (компания, владеющая крупными пакетами акций других компаний; в большинстве случаев имеет решающее право голоса, действуя посредством механизма контрольного пакета акций) |
parent company |
- материнская компания (компания, контролирующая одну или несколько неконсолидированных дочерних компаний через контрольный пакет акций; в отличие от чисто холдинговой компании сама осуществляет конкретную производственную деятельность) |
subsidiary |
- дочерняя компания (юридически самостоятельное предприятие, контрольный пакет акций или уставной капитал которой принадлежит другой - материнской - компании) |
sister (brother) company |
- филиал компании (названия дочерних компаний, когда речь идет о взаимоотношениях между ними) |
group |
- группа, объединение компаний, концерн |
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:
-
How can businesses be classified?
-
What is the difference between a private limited company and a public limited company?
-
What does limited liability mean?
-
How is the ownership in the company determined?
-
What is controlling interest? minority stake?
-
What does a holding refer to?
-
What is a subsidiary?
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
Technology stocks fell sharply today.
Smaller plcs are worried about the effect of the new legislation.
The French government is thinking of introducing German-style worker participation into the state industries. This suggests that public-sector companies will not be free from political interference, a fact that deters private, profit-minded investors.
Many young workers are taking jobs in the rapidly growing service sector – banking, computer programming, financial services.
British Rail stations worth about $12 billion will be sold off under Government plans to privatize the network.
Malaysia is five years into an initial privatization program. To date, 22 government-owned concerns have been privatized, including a lottery, the national airline and shipping companies, regional water utilities, highway construction projects and a commercial TV station.
McPherson always takes a majority stake in the business he invests in and he likes a hands-on role in the management.
For most companies there are two types of equity: ordinary shares and preference shares.
TEXTS TO TRANSLATE: