3. A Bundle of Sticks

An old man had several sons who were always quarrelling. One day the sons were called before their father. A bundle of sticks was given to them and they were ordered to break it. Each of the sons tried with all his strength, but no one could break the bundle. Then the old man untied the bundle, and each son was given one stick. Of course, the sticks were easily broken, "My sons", said their father, "if you live in friendship and help each other, you will always be strong and you need not be afraid of any enemy."

УЭ – 6

Модальные глаголы modal verbs

глаголы	значения	перевод	примеры
pr. CAN pst. could = pr. to be able to pst. was able to fut. will be able to	-возможность, умение, способность, разрешение -сомнение, невероятность	могу, умею, можно, нельзя возможно, не может быть, неужели	I can do it. You can't go there. Can they do that? Can she have changed so much?
pr. MAY pst.might = pr.to be allowed to pst.was allowed to fut.will be allowed to	-разрешение совершить действие -допускаемая возможность, предложение с оттенком сомнения	можно возможно, может быть	You may go home. May I do it? He may not smoke. She may have left.
MUST	-долженствование, обязанность, приказ -предположение (почти уверенность)	должен, нельзя должно быть, очевидно, вероятно	I must do it now. You mustn't do it. Must he work? He must be at home already. They must have forgotten
pr. HAVE TO pst. had to fut. will have to	-вынужденная необходимость	вынужден, нужно (приходится)	I have to go there. Has he to study? She has not to miss classes.
pr. BE TO pst. was/were to	- необходимость, предусмотренная планом, договоренностью, расписанием	должен	The train is to arrive at 10. Am I to go? They are not to leave.
SHOULD	-личный совет, мнение, рекомендация, упрек -вероятность, предположение	cледует, следовало бы, должен был бы, нужно наверное	He shouldn’t smoke so much. You should work hard. He should be 40.
OUGHT TO	-моральный долг -вероятность, предположение	должен, следует должно быть	We ought to help her. You ought to have done it yesterday.
NEED	-нецелесообразность	не нужно, не надо, нет необходимости	You need not hurry. You needn't have done it.