IV. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every и их производные

Местоимения some, any, no, every употребляются как самостоятельно, так и входят в состав других местоимений и наречий:

some несколько некоторые немного	somebody someone кто-то кто-нибудь	something что-то что-нибудь	somewhere где-то куда-то
any какие-нибудь сколько-нибудь	anybody anyone кто-то, кто-нибудь	anything что-нибудь	anywhere где-нибудь куда-нибудь
no никакие нисколько	nobody no one никто	nothing ничего ничто	nowhere нигде никуда
every каждый	everybody все	everything всё	everywhere везде

Some и его производные употребляются, как правило:

1. в утвердительных предложениях:

There are some books on the desk. – На парте лежит несколько книг. Somebody helped you. – Кто-то вам помог.

2. в вежливых просьбах или предложениях: Pass me some bread, please. – Передайте мне хлеб, пожалуйста.

Could you give me some tea, please? – Дайте мне, пожалуйста, чаю. Would you like some coffee? – Не хотите ли кофе?

Any и его производные употребляются:

a) в вопросительных предложениях:

Are there any books on the desk? - На парте лежат (какие-нибудь) книги? Did anyone phone me while I was out? – Кто-нибудь звонил, пока меня не было?

b) в отрицательных предложениях, если при сказуемом стоит отрицание not: I haven’t got any money on me. – У меня с собой нет денег. There isn’t any milk in the fridge. - В холодильнике нет (нисколько) молока.

I didn’t hear anything. – Я ничего не слышал.

Any и его производные могут употребляться в утвердительных предложениях, и тогда они переводятся следующим образом:

Any – любой anything – всё (что угодно)

Anybody – любой (кто угодно) anywhere – везде (где угодно)

Any task is easy for him. – Любая задача для него легка.

Anybody can do it. – Любой может сделать это.

You can buy anything you want. - Можешь купить всё, что тебе хочется.

No и его производные употребляются в отрицательных предложениях, например: There are no books on the desk. – На столе нет книг. There was nobody in the kitchen. – На кухне никого не было.

Если в предложении употребляется местоимение no или его производные, никакие другие средства выражения отрицания не допускаются, например:

Nobody told me anything about it. – Никто ничего не сказал мне об этом.

Примечания:

1. В предложении some, any, no, every выступают в качестве определений, поэтому за ними всегда идет (или подразумевается) определяемое существительное, либо предлог of + местоимение или существительное (в значении «некоторые из»).

I have some friends. – Do you have any? (friends)

У меня есть несколько друзей. – А у тебя есть?

Some of them were absent. – Некоторые из них отсутствовали.

2. За производными же местоимениями следуют глагол, прилагательное, наречие или предлог, т.к. они употребляются в роли подлежащего, дополнения или обстоятельства.

There is something in the box. – В коробке что-то есть.

Nobody did the homework. – Никто не сделал домашнюю работу.

Упр. 22. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

А. 1. There is some bread on the table. 2. She wants to buy some chairs. 3. Could you pass me some butter, please? 4. I have no sugar in my coffee. Give me some, please. 5. Did your friend tell you any news? 6. Sorry but I didn’t have any time to retell the text. 7. Unfortunately, I have no friends in Kiev. 8. I am interested in any information on this problem. 9. Every child knows this.

В. 1. Somebody is waiting for you. 2. Something is wrong with my telephone. 3. Nobody helped me do this work. 4. Your hat is somewhere in the room. 5. He went nowhere last night. 6. Is it anywhere near Moscow? 7. Does your father know anything about your plans? 8. Anyone can learn a foreign language. 9. Everything is ready for the holiday.

Упр. 23. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

1. There is some juice in the fridge. 2. There are some good athletes in our group. 3 We learned some rules at the lesson. 4. Nick has some English magazines. 5. There are some newspapers in the letter-box. 6. I know some of these operatives. 7. There are some witnesses in this case. 8. The operative group includes some experts. 9. Somebody wants to speak to you. 10. My sister is reading something interesting now. 11. He is somewhere in Canada now. 12. She visited somebody in Omsk. 13. There is something in his pocket.

Упр. 24. Заполните пробелы, используя some, any, no, every.

1. I bought …books. 2. Are there … books on your shelf? 3. There aren’t … banks in this part of the town. 4. I’m thirsty. Can I have … water, please? 5. There are … transport stops here. The road is closed. 6. I need … paper to write a dictation. 7. He didn’t give me … money. 8. You may come at … time. 9. Do you have … seminars or lectures today? 10. He never makes … mistakes. 11. Do you want … milk? 12. … people are very unfriendly. 13. In summer they go to the country … weekend. 14. You have much paper. Give me …. 15. “Which newspaper do you want?” – … will do.

Упр. 25. Заполните пробелы, используя some, any, no.

1. Have a look! There are … beautiful posters on the walls. 2. Are there … pictures in this book? 3. There are …flowers here in winter because it is very cold. 4. I can see … boys in the yard. They are playing football. 5. Are there … new buildings in your street? 6. Do you want … cocoa? 7. Sorry, but there are … vacant rooms in the hotel now. 8. Have you got … time to spare? I’d like to ask you … questions. 9. Will there be … concerts at the club next month? 10. Unfortunately there are … diagrams in the new book. 11. He never puts … sugar in his coffee. 12. May I give you … more tea?

Упр. 26. Заполните пробелы, используя somebody, anybody, nobody или everybody.

1. Open the door. … is knocking. 2. Sorry, but … told me the truth. 3. The café was empty. There wasn’t … in it. 4. Did you invite … to come? 5. I can’t see … near the river. 6. It’s very simple. … can do that. 7. He made this model ship himself. … helped him. 8. … phoned you yesterday. 9. … needs good friends. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 10. Is there … here who knows German? 11. Please, don’t tell us this joke. … knows it. 12. I saw … in the park yesterday who looked like you.

Упр. 27. Заполните пробелы, используя something, anything, nothing или everything.

1. He saw … strange in the water. 2. Have you … to read? 3. It’s all right. … happened. 4. Will you have … to eat? 5. I don’t know … about your town. Tell me … about it. 6. There is … white in the tree. What is it? 7. She never says … nice about her neighbours. 8. I had a terrible day. … went wrong. 9. The investigator wants to know … about the crime. 10. Is there … you want to tell me? 11. Where is the lap-top? – It is on the table. – No, there is … there. 12. Could I have … sweet with my tea?

Упр. 28. Заполните пробелы, используя производные формы с -body или -thing.

1. There isn’t … in the street. It’s empty. 2. Did he tell you … about the meeting? 3. I don’t want … today, thank you. 4. Can … tell me how to get to the Public Library? 5. Have you lost …? - No, nobody here has lost …. 6. You must find … who can help you. 7. Is there … funny in this story? 8. … knows that water is necessary for life. 9. There isn’t … in the house. They left for Italy yesterday. 10. Is there … in the office? 11. My new eyeglasses are very good, I can see … now.

Упр. 29. Заполните пробелы, используя somewhere, anywhere, nowhere или everywhere. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Will you go … for your winter holidays? 2. She went … last night. She had a headache. 3. I have never met him …. 4. Did they go … after the film? 5. It’s autumn. There is a lot of yellow and red leaves …. 6. I know the place is … about here, but where exactly, I don’t know. 7. I put my dictionary … yesterday and now I can’t find it. 8. You must go … next summer. You need a change. 9. Did you go … on Sunday? 10. Today is a holiday. The streets are full of people. There are flags and flowers ….

Упр. 30. Заполните пробелы, используя необходимое местоимение:

1. some, any, no, every

1. There is … water in the glass. May I drink it? 2. Have you seen … of these people before? 3. She bought … bread in the shop. 4. Has she got … children? 5. Could I have … more coffee? 6. He looked through … magazine but didn’t find the article. 7. I can’t write because I have … paper .

2. somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody

1. Look! … is coming to us. 2. Who is he? Does … know his name? 3. … touched your things. The room was locked. 4. … has come. Let’s begin. 5. Is there … at home? 6. I am not an ideal person. … is perfect in this world. 7. … left a cap in our classroom yesterday.

3. somewhere, anywhere, nowhere

1. I don’t want to stay at home. Do you want to go …? 2. I left my bag …. 3. She will go … tomorrow. She will stay at home. 4. Did they go … last Sunday? 5. I think this house is … here. 6. We couldn’t find our dog …. 7. He can’t find his book. He put it … yesterday.

4. something, anything, nothing

1. Do you know … about this country? 2. You may write … you want in this composition. 3. Have they found … interesting in the museum? 4. I see … in the room. It’s too dark. 5. Do you want to buy … special? 6. … is wrong with my computer. 7. Nobody tells me ….

Упр. 31. Заполните пробелы, используя some, any, no, every или их производные формы.

1. She bought … notebooks yesterday. 2. Did you buy … apples last Sunday? 3. … house must have … windows. 4. … has been here: there are footsteps on the snow. 5. Have you heard … about your aunt since that day? 6. … came home with me: I was quite alone. 7. Have you seen Tom …? I can’t find him. 8. Do you know … unusual collectors or collections? 9. I don’t really do … in my spare time. 10. There is … smoke without fire. 11. … people avoid travelling. 12. I could see …: it was quite dark. 13. Give me … to eat. I am as hungry as a hunter. 14. I saw … near the wood that looked like a tent. 15. You must find … who can help you. 16. … can make mistakes.

Упр. 32. Заполните пробелы, используя some, any, no, every или их производные формы.

1. Please, take … magazine you like. 2. Is there … news? – Yes, there are … letters for you. 3. Is there … on the table? – No, there is …. 4. … likes to play this game: it’s dull. 5. At the age of 14 he started to earn … money. 6. Do you know … about Chinese art? 7. Will they go … for the weekend? 8. She has … sisters, she has only brothers. 9. … student must take exams. 10. Did you meet … on your way to the Institute? 11. This classroom is too small. When … is present we lack (не хватает) chairs. 12. What’s wrong? I see by your face that … has happened.

Упр. 33. Заполните пробелы, используя some, any, no, every или их производные формы.

1. We think they want to drive us …. 2. Have you … friends in America? 3. … days he can’t get out of bed. 4. Do you need … from the baker’s shop? 5. Are … of your relatives coming for holidays? 6. … wants to lose a job. 7. To know … is to know …. 8. Can I put … extra sugar in my tea? 9. We were shocked when he materialized from …. 10. Have you … questions? Ask me … you like, I’ll try to aswer … question. 11. It’s so dark here! Can you see … around us? 12. Be careful! … could get hurt.

Упр. 34. Исправьте ошибки.

1. Have you got some sugar? 2. There is any bread. 3. There are some snow. 4. Is there nobody in the room? 5. We haven’t got some cheese. 6. There isn’t nobody in the garden. 7. There isn’t no bacon. 8. Have you got nothing in your bag?