Ex.3 Finish the sentences to justify the use of Subjunctive II:

1. I wonder if it wouldn't be better... 2. I think you had better ... 3. You had better not say that... 4. If only he had left... 5. If it is not too much trouble I'd rather... 6. Take care, you had better ... 7. We'd better make reservations...

Ex.4 Make up sentences with the following elements to express advice, preference, wish.

You had better come I would sooner tell

I'd rather tell If only I could

Wouldn't she sooner be If only he had left

Ex.5 Make up short dialogues beginning them with sentences given below. Express advice, preference and wish.

1. If only I knew about it! 2. Hadn't you better take an umbrella? 3. If only you could have seen it! 4. I'd better go home now. 5. If only it had not been so sudden! 6. If he would only leave now. 7. Wouldn't you rather go to the cinema or to the concert?

Additional exercises:

• Natanson: pp. 45-52; Ex. 2,3 (47), 4 (48), 8 (50)

• Read «The Last Leaf» by O’Henry and fulfil the following task:

After Mr. Behrman’s death a letter was found among his personals addressed to Johnsy... (using S1 & S2)

In other cases the use of Subjunctive II is considered structurally dependent, i.e. it is usually used in certain types of clauses after certain verbs or conjunctions (in object, predicative, attributive, adverbial clauses of comparison, purpose, condition and also in those of concession).

Object clauses

Here Subjunctive II is used after the verb "to wish" to express an unreal desired action.

I wish you were always here. (Жаль, что вы не всегда здесь.)

I wish you had been there with us. (Как жаль,что вас не было с нами.)

If the desired action refers to the future or is pronounced with a bit of annoyance the following forms may be used after the verb "wish".

I wish you would stop chattering. (Как хорошо было бы, если бы ты прекратила болтать.)

I wish I could remember all this. (Как хорошо было бы, если бы я могла всё это запомнить.)

Ex.6 Read and translate into Russian the following sentences with Subjunctive II in object clauses after "wish".

1. "I wish you wouldn't do it," she whispered. "I wish you could believe me." 2. I was afraid something was going to happen, and I wished I hadn't spoken. 3. I wish I could

Ex. 30. Supply the following sentences with principal clauses to justify the use of the Suppositional Mood.

1. ... in case his absence should be noticed. 2. ... so that no one should be allowed to leave the place. 3. ... in order that this should be better understood. 4. ... lest I should wake him. 5. ... lest he should see the expression of her face. 6. ... so that he should have enough time. 7. ... so that they should reach the place before rush hours. 8. ... in case the place should be very cold. 9. ... lest your parents should worry. 10. ... lest I should lose sight of them. 11. ... so that they should catch up with us.

Ex. 31. Paraphrase the sentences turning the infinitive phrases into clauses of purpose.

1. The nurse stepped around for the doctor to see the man's wo­und. 2. I want to go to London for my wife to see the play. 3. I know he'll come home for us to have dinner together. 4. Shall I ring for the maid to clear these things away? 5. He spoke loudly and clearly for all to hear. 6. I'm telling you this for you to write home about. 7. He kept the gate closed for the cows not to get into the garden. 8. She left the room for little Emma to sleep quietly. 9. She rang off for her mother not to know whom she had been tal­king to. 10. He left a book here for me to look over. 11. He was plucking early roses for her to carry back to town. 12. She told all sorts of lies for her children not to hate their father.

Ex. 32. Develop the following sentences into situations. Construct at least one sentence to specify, prove or refute the given one.

Model: Put down my address lest you should forget it. - Put down my address lest you should forget it. I know that you’re very absent-minded and always forget everything.

1. Do it at once lest you should put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 2. Go to bed early and rise early so that you may be healthy, wealthy and wise. 3. He showed me to the station lest I should lose my way. 4. She let the children play in the garden lest they should disturb the father. 5. Let's take sandwiches with us lest we should get hungry. 6. Don't tell her anything lest she should be worried. 7. Let's make haste lest we should miss the train. 8. Here's my telephone number in case you should want to get in touch with me. 9. I tried to look quite calm so that she shouldn't guess that I was terribly disappointed. 10. It was very slippery in the street and I went slowly lest I should fall. 11. Put the milk into the refrigerator lest it should get sour.

Ex. 33. Translate the following sentences connecting the clauses by means of:

a) conjunction "lest"

1. Ложись сейчас же спать, чтобы не проспать завтра утром. 2. Уходя на работу, скажи сыну, чтобы он не забыл выключить газ. 3. Студенты должны использовать каждую возможность говорить по-анг­лийски, чтобы не потерять навыки правильной речи. 4. Проводите нас, пожалуйста, до автобусной станции, чтобы мы не заблудились и не опоздали на автобус. 5. Не говори так громко, чтобы не разбу­дить детей. 6. Держись ровно и смотри людям в глаза, чтобы не по­думали, что ты говоришь неправду. 7. Не можешь ли ты придвинуть кресло ближе, чтобы я показала тебе альбом фотографий. 8. Открой, пожалуйста, окно, чтобы не было так душно. 9. Скорее открывай зонтик, чтобы мы не промокли.

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Ex. 26. Explain the use of the verb forms in the following clauses of purpose and translate them into Russian.

1. I like to be close to the stage, so that I can see the actors. 2. He asked Jeddy to stop the car so that he and Julie could get out. 3. Once or twice he gave him considerable sums in order that he might make a fresh start. 4. She usually bore her head high so that men should not see her double chin. 5. George stood up lest anyone should see him lying there in his evening clothes. 6. The woman, seeing the girl, moved to the other side of her son so that not even a glance should pass between them.

Ex. 27. Use the Suppositional Mood instead of the Infinitive in brackets.

1. John's done some work on the room. He wanted it to be a surp­rise for you, and I am only telling you in advance in case - in case you (to think) it might have been me. 2. The idea being that you get one of these nasty hypodermic needles stuck into you no matter how well you feel, just in case you (to catch) something. 3. She made a good deal of noise, in case the shot (to be heard). 4. In case you (to be stopped) on the way, I can provide you with two separate passes. 5. She was ever silent, passive, gracefully averse; as though she were terrified lest by word, motion or sign she (to lead) him to believe that she was fond of him. 6. They pinched and saved so that I (to have) enough to live on and when my first picture was exhibited they came to Amsterdam to see it, and my mother cried when she looked at it. 7. ... his departure being arranged in a secret and furtive manner in case some of the other tourists (to take) it into their heads.

Ex. 28. Translate the following sentences into Russian, then back into English. Compare your version with the original.

1. The doors must be closed so that no one should be admitted. 2. Scarlett came down the dark stairs slowly, like an old woman, fe­eling her way, clinging to the banisters lest she fall. 3. He wo­uld then replace the notes with blank paper and return the letter to the rack in case its absence should be noticed. 4. She dropped on to her own bed and picked up a book, in case Madame Foucault should come in. 5. And so - she was silenced in case she should not hold her tongue. 6. ... when I get hold of Fleetwood, I'm go­ing to take him to the police myself. That's in case the police want him. 7. And when the ambulance came and they put her on a stretcher, they made me go in the kitchen so that she should know I was there. 8. They kept quiet lest they should wake him. 9. But Dizzy did not ignore it; and in order that there should be no inaccuracy of the Press in his retort, he sent a copy of his let­ter to every newspaper throughout the kingdom.

Ex. 29. Complete the following sentences adding subordinate clauses with the appropriate form of the Suppositional Mood.

1. I want to start early, so that ... . 2. He was standing with his back to the fireplace, so that ... . 3. I shall read a fai­ry-tale to the child so that ... . 4. The girl was eating her ice greedily so that ... . 5. You must arrange everything beforehand lest ... . 6. The travellers stayed at the hotel for one more day so that ... . 7. You had better start working at once so that ... . 8. I am just drawing your attention to it in case ... . 9. I knew all along that you were keeping something back, but I wanted you to make a clean breast of everything on your own accord lest ... .

care what you do or where you go. 4. "What kind of woman am I? ... I don’t know. I wish somebody would tell me." 5. I wish you wouldn't spoil the child. 6. She wished she could cry: Doris would think her dreadfully hard. 7. I wish I could give her that joy. 8. I wish you were not going. I’ve had four wonderful adventures this night. You might stop and listen to some of them. 9. I wish to goodness I had had the sense to take notes of the talk.

Ex.7 Choose the proper form of Subjunctive II in brackets:

1. I wish you (wouldn't make, wouldn't have made) your jokes. 2. I always regret it later and wish I (were dignified, had been dignified), but by then it's too late. 3. I wish we (thought, had thought) of it before. 4. I wish I (were, had been) there. 5. I heartily wish that in my youth I (had, had had) someone of good sense to direct my reading.

Ex.8 Refer the following to the past, making all the necessary changes:

1. I wish I were as clever as she. 2. I wish he knew where we were. 3. I wish you were serious, Elizabeth. 4. I wish you were with me now. 5. I wish I had a friend like that.

Ex.9 Modify the following sentences with object clauses after the verb "wish" using the appropriate form of Subjunctive II:

A. Model: I am sorry I didn't know that. - I wish I had known that.

1. I am sorry road accidents take place so frequent in our town. 2. I am sorry that the slightest noise bothers you. 3. I am sorry I haven't even heard about it. 4. I am sorry the girl hasn't attracted your attention. 5. I am sorry I didn't see this funny incident. 6.I am sorry that I have been rude to her. 7. I am sorry that you are not here with me.

B. Model: It's a pity you didn't know how to do it. - I wish you knew how to do it.

1. It's a pity I didn't have an overcoat on. 2. It's a pity she didn't go there. 3. It's a pity the girl puts on airs. 4. It is a pity that you didn't come to see us yesterday. 5. It is a pity we didn't go on a picnic yesterday.

Ex.10 Complete the following sentences using Subjunctive II in object clauses:

1. I was afraid something was going to happen. I wished... 2. She looks a little bit puzzled. I wish... 3. I believe she has regards for James. I wish... 4. I don't want her to cry. I wish... 5. How angry I am! I wish... 6. With all my heart I wished...

Ex.11 Develop the following sentences into situations:

1. I wish you had listened to me! 2. I wish you would put the newspaper down. 3. I wish I'd never said a word. 4. I wish he wouldn't go but I suppose he must. 5. I wished I hadn't come. 6. I wish you would come down and see her. 7. I wish I knew what I did.

Ex. 12 Paraphrase the sentences so as to use Subjunctive Mood after the verb "to wish":

1. He was sorry he couldn't join us. 2. It's a pity you were absent yesterday. 3. I'd like him to be more polite. 4. They are sorry- they didn't invite her. 5. He was disappointed that he would not be able to see the film. 6. I regret now not having told her all the truth then. 7. What a pity you can't swim. 8. I'm awfully sorry I kept you waiting so long. 9. It's a pity I couldn't go to the theatre with you. 10. I'm very sorry that I have disturbed you. 11.It's a pity you are leaving. 12.I'd like to see the film again. 13.It was a pity we could not see the stage well. 14.They were sorry they hadn't taken a taxi and had missed that train.

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