3. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the ways of translation of –ing-forms.

1. Having improved this device they could use it for many purposes. 2. When making the experiment he made notes. 3. The vibrations of a voice speaking into the microphone of a telephone cause vibrations in an electric current. 4. This varying current is carried along a wire to a receiver. 5. Electronics has developed into hundreds of research institutes and laboratories employing tens of thousands of people. 6. Having been discovered many years ago this metal found a wide application in industry only last year. 7. While being checked the motor showed good performance. 8. The man introducing this famous scientist is the dean of our faculty. 9. Cybernetics is gaining a growing importance.

4. Translate paying attention to the ways of translation of -ed-forms.

A.

Early radios used crystal diodes to detect radio signals. These diodes allowed current to flow in one direction but not in the other.

B.

As electronics advanced, the design of the electron tube also progressed. Many of these advancements have resulted in a need for new kinds of diodes and triodes. And new elements have been added to the triode.

C. The Cathode

The directly heated cathode is a coated filament. The filament is often made of tungsten coated with thorium (this is called thoriated tungsten). The thorium acts as a good emitter of electrons when it is heated. The electrons emitted by the thorium are replaced by those emitted by the tungsten. The indirectly heated cathode consists of a metal cylinder heated by a filament placed inside. This type of cathode is usually coated with barium or strontium oxide.

5. Translate paying attention to the ways of translation of when+verb+-ed.

1. Certain materials emit electrons readily when heated. This is called thermionic emission. 2. When coated with a heat-sensitive material, the filament serves as a cathode and is called a directly heated cathode, 3. When placed in a vacuum tube, a plate does not receive electrons directly from the cathode. 4. When compared to the changes in Rp (place resistance), the AC plate resistance may be considered almost a constant for a particular triode. 5. When processed properly the substance acquires (приобретать) some new required properties. 6. The thorium acts as a good emitter of electrons when heated.

6. Change the complex sentences given below according to the examples and translate them into Russian.

Example A: While she was preparing for her physics exam she looked through all the notes of the lectures. While preparing for her physics exam she looked through all the notes of the lecture.

1. When he was translating the article he used a dictionary. 2. While the student was working at the problem he made many experiments. 3. When the scientist was carrying out research in the field of nuclear physics he came to Dubna to work there. 4. When the worker was applying the new method of work he got better results. 5. While he was experimenting with this substance he was very careful. 6 When the engineer was improving the design he made many calculations. 7. While the man was describing this phenomenon he illustrated it with numerous examples. 8. When these scientists were working in our laboratory they obtained good results.

Example B: The scientists who are carrying out research into nuclear physics deal with most difficult problems. The scientists carrying out research into nuclear physics deal with most difficult problems.

1. The scientist who is working at the method is well known. 2. The students who are listening to the taped lesson study at the evening faculty. 3. These postgraduate students who are watching the experiment work in our laboratory. 4. The worker who is repairing the machine is very skilled. 5. The engineer who is carrying out these investigations is a well-known inventor. 6. The students who are doing the laboratory work are from various faculties. 7. The workers who are building this house will soon finish their work.