- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
- •Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт им. Г.В. Плеханова
- •(Технический университет)
- •Английский язык
- •Санкт-Петербург
- •Text 2 Oil and Gas Composition
- •Petroleum hydrocarbon structures
- •1. Paraffins
- •2. Naphthenes
- •3. Aromatics
- •Text 3 Oil and Natural Gas Formation
- •Text 4 Characteristics of Reservoir Rock
- •Text 6 Finding the oil
- •Oil and Gas Quiz
- •Unit 2.
- •From the history of oil industry
- •Petroleum History
- •Petroleum Timeline
- •Ex.4 After reading the following texts 3-7 make the similar Petroleum Timeline for our country. Text 3 From the History of Oil Production in Russia
- •Text 4 The Birth of the Industry
- •Text 5 The Rise of the Soviet Oil Industry
- •Text 7 Further Development
- •Text 8 Modern Development of Oil and Gas Industry in Russia
- •Text 9 The Role of Oil and Gas in Our Life
- •Text 10 Oil and Gas Consumption
- •Text 11 The Future of Oil
- •Text 12 Oil Prices
- •Text 2 How to Get a Job in the Oil Industry
- •Text 3 The Petroleum Industry
- •Oil Industry has Lost its Luster?
- •Contents
- •Bibliography:
Text 12 Oil Prices
Ex.1 Read the description to the graph and correct the mistakes if any.
A recent low point was reached in January 1999, after increased oil production from Iraq coincided with the Asian financial crises, which reduced demand. The prices then rapidly decreased, more than tripling by September 2000, then fell until the end of 2001 before steadily increasing, reaching US $40 to US $50 per barrel by September 2004. In October 2004, light crude future contracts on the NYMEX for November delivery exceeded US $53 per barrel and for December delivery exceeded US $55 per barrel. Crude oil prices surged to a record high above $60 a barrel in June 2005, sustaining a rally built on strong demand for gasoline and diesel and on concerns about refiners' ability to keep up. This trend continued into early August 2005, as NYMEX crude oil futures contracts surged past the $65 mark as consumers kept up the demand for gasoline despite its high price. Crude oil futures peaked at a close of over $77 a barrel in July 2006, and in December 2006 at about $63.
Ex.2 Answer the questions:
1. Why did oil prices fall in January 1999?
2. How much was a barrel in 1997?
3. What is the highest oil price during 1994-1997?
UNIT 3
WORKING IN OIL INDUSTRY
Text 1
Jobs on the Rig
Ex.1 Study the following vocabulary before reading:
boil weevil a rig worker or an oilfield worker without
experience.
mousehole a shallow cased hole close to the rotary table.
When making up a string, each single is stood
here so that it can be connected quickly and
easily to the kelly.
scraping rust using a sharp tool to remove rust
accumulations.
hosing down using a water hose at pressure to clean up the
rig or protect it from fire.
dope special grease for pipe threads; i.e., some oily
substance used to lubricate (to make smooth or
slippery) the threads of tools, casing, etc.
kelly bushing the part of the drive assembly which transmits
motion to the kelly and permits the kelly to
move vertically while rotating or still. All
vertical measurements on the rig are taken
from the RKB (rotary kelly bushing).
tubing small-gauge pipe, usually of outside diameter
(OD) also called «macaroni».
Ex.2 Read the text and find the synonyms for the following words:
risk of harm, mud, specialist, to work, spoken, vacancy, ranking, sphere, to include, job responsibilities, to lift
The job seekers of oil and gas positions usually know that most of the available positions in the oil rigs are in the production sector. This sector involves the drilling activities and the extraction of the petroleum from the reservoirs. If you want to be a part of a team of professionals, here are your choices within the oil rig hierarchy:
Rig Manager
Driller
Derrick hand
Roughneck
Roustabout
Drilling is one of those jobs where a man has to work his way up. Even if a man has a university or polytechnic education, most oil companies will want him to get rig experience by working on the floor with the rotary crew for a certain period. A boll weevil, even if he is well-educated, can be a highly dangerous person around the rotary table. He may be a danger to himself (by breaking a leg in the mousehole, for example), and may be a hazard to the other members of the crew. What might happen, for instance, if he opened the wrong valve or misunderstood an urgent instruction?
On some rigs, the first step up the ladder is the job of roustabout. A roustabout does semi-skilled labour such as scraping rust, hosing down, painting, carrying cans of dope, unloading materials and supplies, etc.
Having worked for a time as a roustabout, a man might be ready for the job of roughneck. Among a roughneck's duties are such things as operating the cathead, handling the slips and tongs, standing pipe back in the derrick, assisting in mixing the slush, and soon. Like a roustabout, a roughneck may have to be told what to do. In general, though, roughnecks know their job well enough to get on with it for the minimum number of spoken instructions. It's noisy around the kelly bushing, and events frequently take place too fast for verbal orders to be given. Much of the time, roughnecks are expected to know automatically what must be done. Next, between the positions of roughneck and driller, is the job of derrickman. The derrickman works from about 60 ft. to 90 ft. above the rig floor, near the top of the derrick, where he attaches or detaches the elevators when pipe or casing is run into or pulled out of the hole. The height at which he works depends on the length of the sections of pipe, casing or tubing that, have to be handled. These may be in doubles, thribbles, or fourbles. The derrickman also cleans, oils, greases, inspects and repairs the pulley blocks and cables which are used to raise and lower sections of pipe and casing. When he isn't busy on his platform up in the derrick, the derrickman usually has special responsibility for the slush pumps and tanks.
Rigs operate around the clock. The period from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. is the daylight tour, 4 p.m. to 12 midnight is the afternoon tour, and 12 midnight to 8 a.m. is referred to as «graveyard tour». Offshore crews usually work twelve-hour tours.
Ex 3. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the hierarchy of jobs on the rig?
2. What is each worker responsible for?
3. Why might it be hazardous to the crew to have a green worker on the rig floor?
4. Would you like to work as a roustabout? Give the reasons for your answer.
5. How long do rigs operate?
Ex.4 Match the jobs with their definitions
1. a roughneck A. an oilman who is in charge of rig
operations
2. a toolpusher B. rig worker who helps around the rig
floor
3. a project manager C. a scientist who studies underground
shock waves
4. a pipe fitter D. an oilman who works high up in the
derrick
5. a geologist E. an oilfield worker who directs oil from
wells into pipelines
6. a welder F. a worker who maintains and repairs the
pipelines
7. a pineliner G. a worker who main task is to weld the
segments of pipes together
8. a derrickman H. a worker who has to make sure that the
joints of the pipe are properly aligned.
9. a seismologist I. a person who will outline the project
scoping, the estimative costs and
schedule of thе operations
10. switcher J. is a scientist who studies the composition
and the structure of the earth in the area
that is supposed to contain petroleum
reserves