2. Лексикалізовані форми множини

Особливим видом фальшивих "друзів" перекладача можна вважати лексикалізовані форми множини окремих слів, що мають значення, відмінні від форм однини: work "робота" - works "праці" і "завод", fund "фонд" -funds "фонди" і "гроші", development "розвиток" - developments "події", industry "промисловість" - industries "галузі промисловості", difference "різ­ниця" - differences "розбіжності", damage "ушкодження" - damages "збит­ки". Перекладач або повинен знати всі лексикалізовані форми множини англійських слів та їхні українські відповідники, або ж бути уважним до тих випадків, коли перекладена форма множини не зовсім узгоджується із рештою смислу речення чи тематикою даного фрагмента тексту.

Завдання Перекладіть речення, визначивши інтернаціоналізми та псевдоінтернаціоналізми:

1. All examples are taken from actual texts. 2. The manuscript was apparen­tly completed in 1990. 3. This is dramatically illustrated by Ecrics. 4. Thus, the issue that this addresses is far from trivial. 5. Both contributions to this jubilee publication are appropriately authoritative. 6. Several indexes in the book make the wealth of information easily accessible. 7. The merit of this book lies in its rich collection of empirical data. 8. The articles are arranged according to subject mat­ter rather than chronology. 9. In addition to the work mentioned above, the volume contains six studies originally published in English. 10. Each volume contains a "List of words cited" and an "Index of names". 11. Bateson's description is elegant and accurate. 12. The present notation is inaccurate and, in some cases, confusing. 13. The defects of Cowie's analysis are typical of illuminating but unformalized descriptions. 14. The second article illustrates receptivity to date of whatever sour­ce. 15. In physics, a theory is often the limit of a more general theory as some parameter vanishes. 16. Progression from treatment of a selected individual prob­lem to that of a broad question may also suggest the direction of these studies. 17. The book concludes with a brief account of the renewed interest in Newton during recent decades. 18. Skenstrom's analytical framework is a rather extensive­ly modified version of the modal introduced by J. Sinclair. 19. There is something for everyone in this book, but perhaps not enough of any one thing to make it indispensable to a specific audience. 20. However, for lack of a strong theoretical overview, or of effective introduction to its different sections, this work falls short of its promise. 21. Aside from these caveats, this work is a careful and detailed illustration of how to deal with the enormous complexity of data. 22. The studies here range from the Middle Ages to the present, and offer a combination of general surveys along with detailed investigations of specific aspects. 23. The new work, however, is considerably broader in scope and is an ambitious successor to that still valuable first collection. 24. With the exception of the paper written in 1991, all the articles contained here were included in their original languages of publication. 25. The monograph is essentially significant in that it includes English translations of articles originally published in German. 26. This theme will startle few readers; as usual, Robins brings to its exposition the twin merits of a clear prose style and a wealth of wide-ranging citations. 27. These discussions and associated theoretical contributions are offered by Bates with characteristic modesty. 28. The quality of the contributions is very uneven: some scholars have taken this opportunity to pub­lish rather trivial thoughts or highly speculative hypotheses. 29. The argument as an addendum by Wittgenstein to Waissman's notes of discussion with Wittgenste­in, in which Wittgenstein reports a form of argument he had used in his lectures in Cambridge at that time. 30. But these pages contain radical critiques of dominant, received theoretical stances, as well as contributions that go beyond predecessors. Though I do not intend to propose anything near a comment or a criticism of Mr.Dummet's point of view, I would like to show this must be a false point of view. Hilbert gives historical examples of the fruitfulness of such a procedure; this has been seen as a defense of formalism. 33. For each expression there is a floor of definition below which its value if nil. 34. However, a potential model of knowled­ge might be experimentally verified. 35. He is surely among the few who subject their data to systematic and quantitative analyses in order to shed light on these controversial issues. 36. This is a fine piece of scholarship - clear and accessible to the non-specialist, and a significant work for specialists. 37. Most of his arguments are quite persuasive - especially since he does not reject this type of evidence, but only cautions against too free use of it. 38. Aston's work, which was accurate to 0.1 per cent, was the first quantitative study applicable to all the elements. For his discoveries he received many honours, including the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1922. 39. Hilbert was a professor at Gottingen, the former academic home of Ga­uss and Riemann. 40. Computers are sometimes thought - unjustifiably - to de­mand deep technical knowledge or proficiency in mathematics and electronics. In actuality, computers, like any other discipline, inspire different levels of expertise. 49) The rapid transmission of information over long distances and ready access to information have become conspicuous and important features of human society, especially in the past 150 years, and in the past two decades, increasingly so. The designers of other artefacts such as cradles, the baby bottle, buttons and button holes, and slings that permit agricultural work while carrying an infant re­main anonymous, but the probability is strong that they originated with women. Through the power to allocate funds, a legislature can influence the course of government. 44. In 1924 the navy received delivery of the ZRS airship, later chris­tened the Los Angeles, made by the Zeppelin works in Germany in partial payment of war reparations. 44. As a result, industries in industrialized countries have repla­ced chlorofluorocarbons in all but essential uses. Results of subsequent atmosphe­ric studies are inconclusive about the actual threat to the ozone layer by human activities. 45. The beliefs and customs of the groups may merge almost equally and result in a single culture