гордон Крылова Граммматика

440____________________________________________________________ Contents

must ..................................................................................................		116
must and may Compared .................................................................		119
to have to ..........................................................................................		119
to be to...............................................................................................		121
must, to have to and to be to Compared..........................................		123
ought to .............................................................................................		125
shall and should ...............................................................................		126
shall ..................................................................................................		126
should ................................................................................................		127
must, should and ought to Compared .............................................		131
should + Perfect Infinitive, ought to + Perfect Infinitive
and was/were to ± Perfect Infinitive Compared ......................		132
will and would ...................................................................................		132
need....................................................................	;..............................	136
dare ....................................................................................................		137
shouldn't + Perfect Infinitive, oughtn't to + Perfect Infinitive
and needn't + Perfect Infinitive Compared	...............................	138
Expressions of Absence of Necessity ..............................................		139
FORMS EXPRESSING UNREALITY..............................................		139
Structurally Dependent Use of Forms Expressing
Unreality............................................................................................		145
The Use of Forms Expressing Unreality in Object Clauses ...		145
The Use of Forms Expressing Unreality in Appositive
and Predicative Clauses..........................................................		151
The Use of Forms Expressing Unreality
in Adverbial Clauses ...............................................................		152
Adverbial Clauses of Purpose ...................................................		153
Adverbial Clauses of Comparison .............................................		154
Complex Sentences with a Subordinate Clause of Condition ....		155
Complex Sentences with Adverbial Clauses of Concession ....		161
The Use of Forms Expressing Unreality in a Special Type
of Exclamatory Sentences ......................................................		162
Free Use of Forms Expressing Unreality.....	............................	162
Traditional Use of Forms Expressing Unreality......................		165
The Tense Forms Expressing Unreality (Summary).................		166
VERBALS (NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB) .....................		169
The Infinitive and the ing-form......................................................		169
The Infinitive ..............................................................................		172
The ing-form...............................................................................		172
The Participle ...................................................................................		181
The Use of the Infinitive ...............................................................		184
The Infinitive as Subject ...........................................................		184

Contents ________________________________________________________ 441

The Infinitive as Predicative.....................................................		185
The Infinitive as Predicate........................................................		186
The Infinitive as Part of .a Compound Verbal Predicate.........		187
The Infinitive as a Second Action Accompanying
the Action of the Predicate Verb ..........................................		188
The Infinitive as Object.............................................................		190
The Infinitive as Subjective Predicative ..................................		196
The Infinitive as Objective Predicative....................................		197
The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier ......................................		200
The Infinitive as Attribute .......................................................		205
The Infinitive as Parenthesis ...................................................		212
The Use of the ing-form .................................................................		212
The ing-form as Subject .............................................................		212
The ing-form as Predicative ......................................................		213
The ing-form as Predicate .........................................................		214
The ing-form as Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate ..........		214
The ing-form as a Second Action Accompanying the Action
of the Predicate Verb..............................................................		215
The ing-form as Object...............................................................		218
The ing-form as Subjective Predicative....................................		225
The ing-form as Objective Predicative ....................................		225
The ing-form as Adverbial Modifier ........................................		227
The ing-form as Attribute .........................................................		234
The ing-form as Parenthesis .....................................................		239
The Infinitive and the ing-form Compared ...................................		240
The Infinitive and the ing-form as Subject .............................		241
The Infinitive and the ing-form as Predicative .....................		241
The Infinitive and the ing-form as Object ..............................		242
The Infinitive and the ing-form as Object in a Sentence Pattern
with it as a Formal Subject.....................................................		246
The Infinitive and the ing-form as Subjective Predicative ...		247
The Infinitive and the ing-form as Objective Predicative .......		248
The Infinitive and the ing-form as Attribute...........................		250
The Infinitive and the ing-form as Attribute in a Sentence
Pattern with it as a Formal Subject ......................................		251
The Use of the Participle ...........................................................		251
The Participle as Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate ........		252
The Participle as a Second Action Accompanying
the Action of the Predicate Verb ............ .	'............................	252
The Participle as Subjective Predicative .................................		253
The Participle as Objective Predicative ...................................		253
The Participle as Adverbial Modifier .......................................		254
The Participle as Attribute ......................................................		256

£42____________________________________________________________ Contents

NOUNS. ................................................................................... ...............	259
The Gender of Nouns ......................................................................	259
The Number of Nouns .....................................................................	260
The Case of Nouns ............................................................................	265
The Functions of Nouns in the Sentence .......................................	268
ARTICLES ..............................................................................................	270
THE FUNCTIONS OF ARTICLES WITH COMMON NOUNS........	271
The Indefinite Article ......................................................................	271
The Definite Article .........................................................................	273
Absence of the Article (the Zero Article) .......................................	274
THE USE OF ARTICLES WITH COUNTABLE NOUNS...................	275
General Rules for the Use of Articles with Countable Nouns ....	275
The Use of the Definite Article with Countable Nouns ................	287
The Generic Function of the Definite Article ................................	288
The Use of Articles with Countable Nouns in Some Syntactic
Patterns ....................................................................................	291
THE USE OF ARTICLES WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS..........	298
The Use of Articles with Uncountable Abstract Nouns ..............	298
The Use of Articles with Uncountable Concrete
Nouns (Names of Materials) ....................................................	306
The Use of Articles with Some Semantic Groups of Nouns ........	308
Names of Parts of the Day ........................................................	308
Names of Seasons........................................................................	311
Names of Meals ...........................................................................	312
Names of Diseases.......................................................................	314
The Noun sea ...ч.........................................................................	315
Certain Countable Nouns in Their Phraseological Use ..................	315
The Use of Articles with Nouns Denoting Unique Objects .........	318
The Use of Articles with Proper Names.........................................	320
The Use of Articles with Names of Persons ...................................	321
The Use of Articles with Geographic Names ..................................	322
The Use of Articles With Miscellaneous Proper Names ...............	325
The Place of Articles ........................................................................	327
ADJECTIVES ..........................................................................................	330
Formation of Adjectives ..................................................................	330
Classification of Adjectives .............................................................	332
Degrees of Comparison.....................................................................	333
Substantivization in Adjectives .....................................................	338
Syntactic Functions of Adjectives ..................................................	339
Place of Adjectives in Attributive Phrases ...................................	341

Contents ___________________________________________________________ 443

PRONOUNS ............................................................................................	344
Personal Pronouns ...........................................................................	344
The Use of it.....................................................................................	347
Possessive Pronouns ........................................................................	349
Reflexive Pronouns ..........................................................................	350
Emphatic Pronouns ..........................................................................	352
Demonstrative Pronouns..................................................................	353
Indefinite Pronouns ........................................................................	358
Reciprocal Pronouns .......................................................................	378
Interrogative Pronouns ..................................................................	378
Conjunctive Pronouns ....................................................................	353
NUMERALS ............................................................................................	388
ADVERBS ...............................................................................................	390
Classification of Adverbs.................................................................	391
Forms of Adverbs .............................................................................	395
Degrees of Comparison ....................................................................	398
Syntactic Functions of Adverbs......................................................	398
Place of Adverbs in the Sentence ...................................................	400
The Adverb so...................................................................................	403
The Adverbs already and yet ..........................................................	404
The Adverbs still and yet.................................................................	404
The Adverbs much, far and long....................................................	405
PREPOSITIONS.......................................................................................	406
CONJUNCTIONS.....................................................................................	410
INTERJECTIONS ....................................................................................	413
NOTES ON THE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF THE SENTENCE....	416
The Structure of the Simple Sentence............................................	416
Syntactic Complexes.........................................................................	426
The Structure of the Composite Sentence ......................................	429
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS ...............................................................	433

Готовится к изданию

В. С. Виноградов

Грамматика ИСПАНСКОГОязыка

Практический курс

Учебное пособие. Издание 2-е, исправленное.

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