(Прошедшее завершённое длительное)

Утвердительная форма
I We You They She He	had been V-ing		I had been walking for 2 hours She had been walking for 2 hours
Отрицательная форма
I We You They She He	had not (hadn’t)	been V-ing	I had not been walking for 2 hours She had not been walking for 2 hours

Вопросительные конструкции:
Общий вопрос	Альтернативный вопрос	Разделительный вопрос	Специальный вопрос
Had they been talking for 2 hours?	Had they been talking for 2 or 3 hours?	They had been talking for 2 hours, hadn’t they?	How long had they been talking?

Указатели времени:

for two hours, for a month, for the last two days (weeks, years), since 5 o’clock.

Данная вид-овременная форма выражает:

действие, которое началось до определенного момента или действия в прошлом и продолжалось до этого момента (включая или исключая его).

They were tired as they had been walking for a long time already.

She put aside the book which she had been reading.

It was the chance he had been looking for all his life.

Краткая теоретическая информация

FUTURE TENSES

FUTURE SIMPLE

(Будущее простое время)

Утвердительная форма
I We		shall V		I shall go (walk) We shall go (walk)
She He You They		will V		You will go (walk) They will go (walk) He will go (walk)
Отрицательная форма
I We	shall not (shan’t)		V		I shall not go (walk) We shan’t go (walk)
She He You They	will not (won’t)		V		You will not go (walk) They won’t go (walk)
NB: В современном английском языке наметилась тенденция к употреблению вспомогательного глагола will для всех лиц и чисел. They will (’ll) come back next week.

Вопросительные конструкции:
Общий вопрос	Альтернативный вопрос	Разделительный вопрос	Специальный вопрос
Will he arrive on Wednesday?	Will he arrive on Wednesday or on Thursday?	He will arrive on Wednesday, won’t he?	When will he arrive?

Указатели времени:

tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, one of these days (на днях), next week, in the near future, soon, some day, in two days, in a year, in a month

Краткая теоретическая информация

Данная видо-временная форма выражает:

1. действие, которое будет совершено в будущем.

We shall (will) meet and have a chat one of these days.

It will be cold tomorrow.

Maybe, it will snow.

They will discuss it as soon as possible.

2. действие, которое будет происходить в течение какого-то времени в будущем.

We hope that they will live happily for many years.

I think I shall (will) stay here, for a month or two.

3. повторяющееся действие в будущем.

We shall meet and talk and make plans from time to time.

Will you phone me every week?

Другие способы выражения будущего времени в английском языке

• Present Continuous употребляется для выражения действия, которое запланировано и определенно состоится в ближайшем будущем (как правило, с глаголами движения).

I am leaving tonight.

Не is coming to dinner on Thursday.

• Сочетание модального глагола to be и инфинитива указывает на действие, которое было заранее спланировано и которое должно быть выполнено.

I've had a letter from home. I am to go back at once.

Who is to do the talking today?

Эта конструкция выражает приказания или инструкции, так как значение долга, обязанности в ней очевидно.

You are not to talk to your father like this!

He is not to treat his kids like that!

• Конструкция to be going + инфинитив очень употребительна в английском языке и обозначает намерение говорящего совершить действие в ближайшем будущем.

I am going to tell him what I think of him. She is going to explain that to us.

• Present Simple употребляется для выражения действия в ближайшем будущем.

The train leaves at exactly five o'clock. (в соответствии с расписанием)

Краткая теоретическая информация

FUTURE CONTINUOUS