Практические упражнения

THE VERB TO BE

Exercise 1. Put in am, is or are.

1. The sky is very blue today. 2. I ___________________ not tired. 3. This shelf ________________ very heavy. 4. These shelves ________________ very heavy. 5. The child ___________________ asleep. 6. Look! This ________________ Mabel. 7. I _______________ cold. Can you shut the window, please? 8. The castle __________________ one thousand years old. 9. My brother and I ________________ good tennis players. 10. Amy ______________ at home but her parents _________________ in church. 11. I ________________ a student. 12. My sister ______________ an archeologist.

Exercise 2. Write full sentences. Use am/is/are each time.

1. (my grandparents very old) My grandparents are very old.

2. (my desk very comfortable) ______________________________________________________

3. (your spectacles in your bag) ______________________________

4. (I not very clever today) __________________________________

5. (this house very expensive) _______________________________

6. (the shops not open today) ________________________________

7. (Mr Wren's grandson six years old) _________________________

8. (the houses in this street very big) __________________________

9. (the examination not difficult) _____________________________

10. (those flowers very beautiful) _________________________

Exercise 3. Write positive or negative sentences. Use am/am not/is/isn't/are/aren't.

1. (Brussels...the capital of Belgium) Brussels is the capital of Belgium.

2. (I...interested in hockey) I am not interested in hockey.

3. (I...angry) ___________________________________________

4. (It...cold today) _______________________________________

Практические упражнения

5. (The Hague...in Switzerland) ____________________________

6. (I...afraid of dogs) _____________________________________

7. (My hands...dirty) _____________________________________

8. (Russia...a very big country) _____________________________

9. (The Amur...in Europe) _________________________________

10. (Diamonds...cheap) ________________________________

11. (Motor-racing...a dangerous sport) ____________________

12. (Squirrels...big animals) ____________________________

Exercise 4. Write questions with What/Who/How/Where/Why...? Use am/is/are.

1. (What colour your house?) What colour is your house?

2. (Where my key?) _______________________________________

3. (Where my trousers?) ____________________________________

4. (How old your grandmother?) _____________________________

5. (What colour his hair?) __________________________________

6. (How much these shoes?) ________________________________

7. (Who your favourite actor?) ______________________________

8. (Why you always late?) __________________________________

Exercise 5. Ask questions. (Read the answers to the questions first.)

(his name?) What's his name? (single or married?) Are you single or married? (British?) (where / from?) (how old?) (a student?) (your mother a teacher?) (where / from?) (her name?) (how old?)

Robert. I'm single. No, I'm not. From Australia. I'm 18. No, I'm a secretary. No, she's a lawyer. She's Italian. Rachel. She's 40.

Практические упражнения

Exercise 6. Write positive and negative short answers (Yes, I am./No, he isn't, etc.)

Are you married? No, I'm not. Is she tall? Yes, she is. Is it cold today? ______________________ Are you an engineer? ______________________ Are you hungry? ______________________

Is it light now? _____________________ Are your hands warm? _____________________ Are you thirsty? _____________________ Is your father tall? _____________________ Is it sunny? _______________________

Exercise 7. Translate into English. Use the verb to be in the present simple.

1. Меня зовут Катя. 2. Мне 17 лет. 3. Я русская. Я из Читы. 4. Я студентка. 5. Мой любимый вид спорта - теннис. 6. Я интересуюсь музыкой. 7. Мой любимый предмет - английский язык. 8. Мой папа - программист. Он не интересуется политикой. 9. Моя мама - зубной врач. Она интересуется искусством. 10. Мы всегда заняты, но мы очень счастливы быть вместе.

Exercise 8. Put in am/is/are/was/were. Some sentences are present and some are past.

1. Last year their son was 26, so he is 27 now.

2. Today the weather _________________ nice, but yesterday it _______________ cold.

3. I ______________ cold. Can I have something hot to drink?

4. I ______________hungry last night, so I had something to eat.

5. Where ____________ you at 10 o'clock last Sunday morning?

6. Don't buy those shoes. They ___________________ too expensive.

7. Why ____________________ you so tired yesterday?

8. We must go now. It _________________ very late.

9. This time last year I _________________ in England.

10. We __________ tired when we arrived home, so we went to bed.

Практические упражнения

11. Anton Chekhov died in 1904. He __________________ a famous Russian writer.

12. Where _______________ the dogs?" - "I don't know. They _____________ in the garden ten minutes ago."

Exercise 9. Put in was/wasn't/were/weren't.

1. We didn't like that house. It was very old and it wasn't large enough.

2. Helen got married when she _______ 21 years old.

3. I called you yesterday evening but you _________ at home. Where _________ you?

4. My son ______ at work last week because he ______ ill. He's better now.

5. The shops _________ open yesterday because it _______ a public holiday.

6. "_______ you at home at 9.30?" - "No, I ______. I _____ at work."

Exercise 10. Complete the sentences with was or were.

1. Was Sandra at the meeting?

2. ______ you at Head Office yesterday?

3. How many sales representatives _______ there at the meeting?

4. It______ not difficult to get a discount.

5. The people _______. nice, but their questions ______ very difficult. Or maybe I ______ just a bit tired?

6. The product presentation ______ last Tuesday. My boss and I _____ there to talk about our new brand of soft drinks.

7. Their products ______ not the best on the market.

8. Two or three of our customers from Korea ______ there.

Exercise 11. Use the verb to be in the past simple.

My aunt ___ very depressed last Sunday. The weather ___ terrible. It ___ cold and rainy. Her husband ___ not at home. He ____ at hospital because he ____ sick. Her children ____ not at school. They ____ not in the yard, they ____ in the living room. The TV ____ broken. The children ____ not only upset, they ____ very angry. The neighbours ____ not happy because her children ____ too noisy.

Практические упражнения

Exercise 12. Use the verb to be in the present, past or future simple.

1. The students _____ in the Russian Museum. 2. Last month they ____ in the Hermitage. There ____ an interesting exhibition there. 3. In two weeks they _____ in the Tretyakov Gallery. They ____ lucky. 4. My father _____ a teacher. 5. He ____ a pupil twenty years ago. 6. I ____ a doctor when I grow up. 7. My sister ____ not ____ at home tomorrow.

8. She _____ at school tomorrow. 9. ______ you _____ at home tomorrow? 10. ______ your father at work yesterday? 11. My sister _____ ill last week. 12. She _____ not ill now. 13. Yesterday we ______ at the theatre. 14. Where ______ your mother now? - She _____ in the kitchen. 15. Where ____ you yesterday? - I ______ at the cinema.

16. When I come home tomorrow, all my family ______ at home.

17. ______ your little sister in bed now? - Yes, she _____ 18. ____ you _____ at school tomorrow? - Yes, I _____. 19. When my granny _____ young, she ______ an actress. 20. My friend ______ in Moscow now.

21. He ______ in St. Petersburg tomorrow. 22. Where ______ your books now? - They ______ in my bag.

Exercise 13. Use the verb to be in the present, past or future simple.

Ronald Frank ______ a managing director of the First Bank of Kingsville on Main Street. He _____ always on a business trip. Yesterday he _____ in Geneva. Tomorrow he _____ in London. Last week he _____ in Chicago. Next week he ______ in New Orleans. At the moment he _____ in Amsterdam. In two hours he ______ in the Hague. Three days ago he ______ in Paris. At the end of his trip he ______ usually very tired but happy. He ______ with his family now. His sons ______ so much excited. They have got new toys from their father. Everybody in the family ______ very glad to see him at home again.

Exercise 14. Translate into English. Use the verb to be in the present, past or future simple.

1. Вчера они были в библиотеке. 2. Сейчас они в школе. 3. Завтра они будут в театре. 4. В данный момент его здесь нет. 5. В воскресенье он будет на концерте. 6. В прошлую субботу он был на стадионе. 7. Мой брат сейчас в школе. 8. Мой брат был вчера в кино.

Практические упражнения

9. Мой брат будет завтра дома. 10. Ты будешь дома завтра? 11. Она была вчера в парке? 12. Он сейчас во дворе? 13. Где папа? 14. Где вы были вчера? 15. Где он будет завтра? 16. Мои книги были на столе. Где они сейчас?

THERE+BE

Exercise 15. Use "there is (are)" construction in the necessary tense form.

1. Look! ____________ their telephone number in the letter. 2. Chichester is a very old town. _______________ many old buildings there. 3. Excuse me, _____________ a restaurant near here? 4. How many students _________________ in your group? 5. I was hungry but _______________ anything to eat. 6. __________________ a football match on TV last night. 7. _______________ many people at the meeting? 8. Look! ________ an accident. Call the ambulance! 9. ________ 24 hours in a day. 10. This box is empty. _________ nothing in it. 11. ___________ somebody at the airport to meet you when you arrive tomorrow. 12. When we arrived at the cinema ___________ a long queue outside.

Exercise 16. Ask questions to the following statements, then answer them according to the model.

Model: There is a good programme on TV tonight.

- Is there a good programme on TV tonight?

- Yes, there is.

There aren't any theatres in my town.

- Are there any theatres in your town?

- No, there are not/there aren't.

1. There is a cat in the window. 2. There are a few changes in the text. 3. There are plenty of glasses in the cupboard. 4. There were a lot of people at the stadium. 5. There isn't anything on the plate. 6. There wasn't anybody in the room. 7. There are difficult exercises in this book. 8. There is something on the shelf. 9. There will be some interesting programmes on TV tomorrow. 10. There are several empty seats in the room. 11. There weren't any pears on the plate.

Практические упражнения

Exercise 17. You are on a business trip in England. Find out about a partner’s place of work.

Ask questions about the building and its facilities. Use the words below and begin:

Is the building ______? Is there a(n) ______? Are there any ______?

1. modern

2. staff restaurant

3. facilities for disabled staff

4. air conditioning system

5. separate rooms for smokers

6. large car park

7. bus stop nearby

8. sport or recreational facilities

9. coffee machine

Exercise 18. Read the advertisement of The Monte Carlo Convention Centre.

Meeting Rooms Congress Hall: seating for 1,100 Exhibition space: 1,800 m; 100 stands 4 Meeting rooms: seating for 70-180	Hotels Within walking distance of the centre are 6 hotels of the highest international standard with all major facilities.
Services Simultaneous translation in 9 languages Press room Telephone, Fax, and Telex facilities Secretarial offices Organizer's office Lobby bar for coffee breaks and receptions Close to 2 car parks	How to get to the centre By train: All international trains stop at Monaco Station By air: The International Airport of Nice - Cote-d'Azur is 22 km from Monaco. There is a regular helicopter service which takes 7 minutes.

Практические упражнения

a) Complete these questions using Is there ______? Are there _____?

1.________ a tranlation service?

2. _______ a press room?

3. _______ telephone, fax, and telex facilities?

4. _______ secretarial services?

5. _______ anywhere to go during coffee breaks?

6. How many meeting rooms _______ ?

7 _______ plenty of parking space?

b) Now match the above questions to these replies.

1. Yes, there are secretarial offices in the complex.

2. There are five. The largest holds 1,100 people.

3. Yes, there is a lobby bar.

4. Yes, there are two car parks nearby.

5. Yes. There are good communication facilities.

6. Yes, there is, in 9 languages.

3. Speak about the advantages of holding conferences at the Monte Carlo Convention Centre.

Практические упражнения

THE VERB TO HAVE (GOT)

Exercise 19 Write questions.

1. (you/a bicycle?) Have you got a bicycle?

2. (you/a VCR?) __________________________________________

3. (your father/a car?) ______________________________________

4. (Carol/many friends?) ____________________________________

5. (Mr and Mrs Lewis/any children?) __________________________

6. (how much money/you?) __________________________________

7. (what kind of car/John?)__________________________________

8. (Mary/ a key?) __________________________________________

9. (your friend/ a camera?) __________________________________

10. (you/ a printer?) ____________________________________

11. (how many pets/ they?) ______________________________

12. (you/ a passport?) ___________________________________

13. (Jim/ a sister?) ______________________________________

14. (you / a lot of friends?) _______________________________

15. (our town/ many shopping centers?) _____________________

16. (Ann/ blue eyes?) ___________________________________

Exercise 20. What have Alice and Keith got? What have you got? Look at the information and write sentences about Alice, Keith and yourself.

	Alice (she)	Keith (he)	you
a camera	no	yes	?
a car	yes	no	?
black hair	no	no	?
brothers/sisters	two brothers	one sister	?

1	(Keith/a camera) Keith has got a camera.	7	(Alice/black hair) ______________________
2	(I/black hair I've got black hair. (or: I haven't got black hair.)	8	(Alice/two brothers) ______________________
3	(Alice/a camera) ________________________	9	(Keith/black hair) ______________________

Практические упражнения

4	(I/a camera) ________________________	10	(Alice/a car) ______________________
5	(I/a car) ________________________	11	(Keith/a sister) ______________________
6	(Keith/a car) ________________________	12	(I/brothers/sisters) ______________________

Exercise 21. Make sentences about Marco’s possessions.

Marco’s got a Mercedes. He hasn’t got any running shoes.

Mercedes running shoes children telephones

1 0 0 2

fax machine swimming pool tennis court computer

0 1 0 1

Exercise 22.

A. Work in pairs. Talk about these two offices.

E.g. Office A has got a lift. Office B hasn’t got a balcony.

Office A lift view of the high street balcony very colourful walls no car park fax machine in next room large windows air conditioning

Office B no lift view of the mountains no balcony white walls large car park fax machine in the office small windows no air conditioning

B. Describe your own study room

Exercise 23. Complete the e-mail. Use the information from the box and the correct form of have got/haven’t got

V telephone X fax machine V filing cabinet

X printer X desk

Практические упражнения

Dear Mr. Miles

My new office has got problems. It has got¹ a telephone, but it ______² a fax machine. It ________³ a filing cabinet, but it __________⁴ a printer. And the office __________⁵ a desk. Please help!

Regards

Veronique

Exercise 24. Put in have got ('ve got), has got('s got), haven't got or hasn't got it."

1. They like flowers. They've got a lot of roses in their garden.

2. Jane hasn't got a car. She goes everywhere by bicycle.

3. Everybody likes Tom. He _____________________ a lot of friends.

4. Mr and Mrs Eastwood ____________________ two children, a boy and a girl.

5. This insect _____________________ six legs.

6. I can't open the door. I ____________________ a key.

7. Quick! Hurry! We __________________ much time.

8. "What's wrong?" - "I _____________________ something in my eye".

9. Ben doesn't read much. He _____________________ many books.

10. It's a nice town. It __________________ a very nice shopping centre.

11. Mother is going to the dentist. She _____________________ a toothache.

12. "Where's my newspaper?" – “I don't know. I _________________________ it.”

13. Julia wants to go on holiday but she ___________________ any money.

14. I'm not going to work today. I _____________________ a bad cold.

Практические упражнения

PRESENT SIMPLE

Exercise 25. Answer the following questions according to the model.

Model: What does a driver do? - He drives.

What do drivers do? - They drive.

1. What does a singer do? 2. What does a runner do? 3. What do students do? 4. What does a dancer do? 5. What do cooks do? 6. What do dancers do? 7. What does a painter do? 8. What do teachers do? 9. What does a typist do? 10. What do painters do? 11. What do writers do?

Exercise 26. Write the following sentences in the 3rd person singular.

1. I think I am ill. 2. They often visit their granny. 3. We live in Leeds. 4. You usually speak too quickly. 5. Do you like boiled potatoes? 6. Good animals always obey their masters. 7. The boys box in the gymnasium on Fridays. 8. His dogs always attack the neighbours. 9. Heavy trucks make a lot of noise.

Exercise 27. Write the following sentences a) in the negative,

b) in the interrogative.

1. She understands the rule. 2. He usually has breakfast at 8 o'clock.

3. The lecture starts at 10.15. 4. The flowers look fresh. 5. She usually walks in the morning. 6. He has coffee in the evening. 7. She remembers them well. 8. He plays chess very well. 9. She leaves home at 10 o'clock every day. 10. Ann misses you badly. 11. They feel very cold. 12. Tom looks sick. 13. They harvest grapes in March. 14. The last boat sails at 10 p.m. 15. That train goes very fast.

Exercise 28. Complete the sentences, using the verbs in the negative form.

Model: She plays the piano, but she doesn't play it very well.

1. That shop sells office furniture, but it _____ computers. 2. Scott smokes a lot, but he _____ before breakfast. 3. We know Robert, but we ________ his father. 4. His father gives him pocket money, but he _____

Практические упражнения

him much. 5. I feel tired, but I _____ unwell. 6. I make mistakes, but I ______ grammar mistakes. 7. He does homework every evening, but he _______ much. 8. English people eat a lot of potatoes, but they ______ much rice. 9. My mother buys a lot of food every day, but she _____ much meat. 10. We like fish, but we _____ eat it every day. 11. He spends a lot of money, but he _____ all his salary. 12. Laura grows a lot of flowers in her garden, but she ______ roses. 13. They work hard, but they ______ more than seven hours a day. 14. I understand the first question, but I ______ the others. 15. Mrs. Stone teaches English, but she ______ any other languages.

Exercise 29. Transform the affirmative sentences into the negative and the negative sentences into the affirmative.

Model: She comes from Italy. — She doesn't come from Italy.

1. My Granny lives in a small cottage in the country.

2. Winter doesn't follow autumn.

3. Little children like to listen to fairy tales.

4. I don't get on well with her.

5. The Whites have wonderful parties.

6. English schoolchildren don't wear uniforms.

7. We often travel about Russia by car.

8. The Moon doesn't go round the Earth.

9. Mr. Smith works in a small shop in his town.

10. Those girls don't like to play active games.

Exercise 30. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple.

My working day (to begin) at seven o'clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes. At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. My father and I (to leave) home at eight o'clock. He (to take) a bus to his factory. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o'clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the living room. We (to watch) TV and (to talk).

Exercise 31. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple.

(USUALLY) Andrea Schatzmann, an exchange student from

Практические упражнения

Switzerland, (to live) with the Connor family in San Francisco. She (to get) up at 7 am and (to take) a shower. She normally (not to have) breakfast. At half past seven she (to catch) the bus. Her first class (to start) at a quarter past eight. She always (to have) lunch at 12 o'clock in the cafeteria. The cafeteria food (to be) OK and it (to be) cheap too. Her afternoon classes (to be) from 1.15 till 3.00 pм, so she (to be) at school all day. She usually (to have) dinner with the Connors at about 8.00. On Saturdays she (to have) lunch at the restaurant. Once a week, usually on Sunday mornings, she (to go) swimming. A few friends usually (to go) along, too. One of her friends has got a car, so he (to pick) them up and then he (to drive) them home. After swimming they often (to go) out for a pizza. On Saturday evenings she sometimes (to go) out with friends to a party or maybe to a concert. Sometimes she (to invite) friends to her house and they (to listen) to music and (to talk). Mr. and Mrs. Connor often (to take) them for a camping weekend to the seaside or to the mountains. From time to time she (to call) her family in Switzerland. They never (to talk) for very long because it (to be) expensive. She usually (to call) on Sundays because it (to be) cheaper then.

Answer the following questions:

1. What time Andrea usually (to get) up?

2. When she (to catch) the bus?

3. She (to take) a shower in the morning?

4. She (to go) home for lunch?

5. When she (to go) swimming?

6. How she (to get) to the pool?

7. What she (to do) on Saturday evenings?

Exercise 32. Complete the article about Giorgio Armani's working day. Use the verbs from the box.

works sleeps has spends wakes stops walks travels goes

Giorgio Armani wakes up at 7 a.m. He ________² to the gym and ________³ an hour there. He _________⁴ breakfast and then _________⁵ to the office with his bodyguard. He has pasta and a salad for lunch and then he _________⁶ for 10 minutes. He _________⁷ until 8 p.m. on Практические упражнения

design and administration. He _________⁸ every two months - to the US, Russia or other parts of Europe. On his way home from the office, he often ________⁹ for a drink at Nobu. At weekends he goes to his villa.

Exercise 33. Put the verb in brackets into the present simple.

1. Oscar Wilde and Bernard Shaw (be) the most witty British writers.

2. Fishermen often (tell) tales about their catches. 3. Their children (go) to a private school. 4. Little Amanda (collect) all sorts of toy-pigs. 5. My father (like) a lot of milk in his tea and a few lumps of sugar. 6. Anything that he (say) (be) worth listening to. 7. We usually (spend) our holidays in Spain. 8. My English friends (live) in a nice house that (stand) on a hill that (overlook) lake Windermere, which (be) in the Lake District. 9. What this sentence (mean)? 10. I (live) in Tver, which (be) my native town. 11. My brother (sing) in Italian opera. 12. My sister (have) a good appetite and she always (eat) heartily. 13. Let's go outside. It (be) terribly hot in the house. 14. What you (see) over there? 15. In England the traffic (keep) to the left but on the Continent it (keep) to the right. 16. This map (be) the largest that we (have). 17. They often (come) to see me in my town house. 18. The twittering of birds in the trees in spring (be) a pleasant sound.

Exercise 34. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple. Use short forms if possible.

Gina and I work for Eurobags. Gina _______ (be) a marketing assistant and I ______ (be) a sales clerk. She ________ (work) in Marketing and I ________ (work) in Sales. Eurobags ___________ (be) an Italian company. The headquarters __________ (be) in Traviso, but we _________ (have) subsidiaries in Brazil and Venezuela. Eurobags _________ (be) in the packaging business. It ___________ (produce) paper and plastic shopping bags. Its main markets ____________ (be) in Europe, but it also _________ (export) to the US and South America.

Практические упражнения

Exercise 35. Write short answers to these questions.

Are you an accountant? No, I’m not ____ . Does American Express have a branch in your country? Yes, _____. Is Seat a French company? No, _____.

Do you produce computers? Yes,_____. Do you export to the US? No, _____. Does your company sell office equipment? Yes, ______.

Exercise 36. Analyze the tenses in the following conversation:

Ann:	I like this supermarket. I think it’s one of the best in our town. The goods they sell here are not very expensive.
Vera:	Yes, my, husband likes it, too. As we live quite near, it doesn’t take us long to get to it. We always shop here on Saturdays. Do you also do shopping at this supermarket? You live nearby, don't you?
Ann:	Oh, it's not quite so. I live rather far from here and it takes me about an hour to get to this supermarket. That's why I prefer to come here only once a month.

Answer the following questions:

Yes/No questions	Does Ann like this supermarket? Does she often go shopping there?
Subject questions	Who shops there on Saturdays? Who lives far from the supermarket? Whose husband likes this supermark et?
Special questions	How long does it take Ann to get there? Why does she come there only once a month?
Alternative questions	Does Vera shop on Saturdays or Sundays? Does she come there alone or with her husband?
Tag questions	It takes Ann long to get there, doesn't it? They don't sell very expensive goods there, do they?
Indirect questions	I wonder why Ann likes this supermarket? I'd like to know how she gets there?

Практические упражнения

Exercise 37. What would you say in these situations? Give possible answers.

1. You want to know if Ann plays tennis. Ask her.

2. You need to know if the train arrives on time. Ask your friend.

3. You want to know if the train stops at this station. Ask the conductor.

4. You want to know if your friend enjoys spending his holidays in Scotland. Ask him.

5. You are wondering if Mike and Bill go camping every summer. Ask them.

6. You expect that this sportsman wins prices at all competitions. Ask your neighbour.

7. You want to know if your friend remembers to bring the photos. Ask him.

8. You expect that your sister's son works hard at school. Ask her.

9. You wonder if your sister waits for her son after the lessons every day. Ask him.

10. You want to know if it often snows in England. Ask your teacher.

Exercise 38. Ask special "Wh"- questions for additional information.

Model:	Question word	Auxiliary	Subject	Verb
	Where How What books What kind of information	do does	people the radio you they	meet? work? like to read? get from books?
Questions to the subject and its attribute	Who knows the answer to this question? Whose children study at private schools? What helps you to survive difficulties in your life?

Практические упражнения

1. The U.K. exports industrial goods almost to all parts of the world.

2. In Wales many people speak Welsh, not English, in daily life.

3. We read novels to enjoy leisure hours, but recreation reading is not only pleasant but also useful in many ways.

4. When adults begin to learn a foreign language, problems often arise.

5. Walking five miles a day makes him strong and healthy.

6. A good teacher needs some of the gifts of a good actor.

7. Research work involves an ability to observe individual facts and draw conclusions.

8. Renaissance means “a new birth”, “a revival”. Thus we call the time of the great revival of art and learning which covers the 15^th and 16^th centuries.

9. This period marks the transition from medieval to the modern art.

10. Many Americans consider two religious holidays Easter and Christmas as the most important celebrations of the year.

11. On New Year’ Day people often promise themselves to overcome their bad habits and welcome the idea of making a new start in life.

12. The Americans celebrate the Thanksgiving Holiday on the third Thursday of November in memory of the first English settlers in the seventeenth century. This holiday recalls America's early history.

Exercise 39. Choose the correct answer.

1. How much … this sweater cost? 2. How much… this sweater?	A is B does C do
3. It … rainy in summer. 4. It… often rain in summer.	A. don’t B. doesn’t C. isn’t
5. I … stay at home on Sundays. 6. I … at home on Sundays.	A am not B doesn’t C don’t

Практические упражнения

7. He... have much money. 8. He... rich.	A isn’t B doesn’t C don’t
9. Mag and her sister... live in Rome. 10. Mag and her sister... in Rome.	A aren’t B doesn’t C don’t
11. Pat's mother... teach students. 12. Pat’s mother … a teacher.	A isn’t B. doesn’t C don’t
13. It … cost much to stay at that hotel. 14. That hotel … expensive.	doesn’t isn’t don’t

Exercise 40. Translate into English, using the verbs in the present simple.

1. Где ты живешь? - Я живу в Москве. 2. Когда у тебя каникулы? - В январе. 3. Что тебе больше всего нравится в школе? 4. Мой брат работает в больнице. Он врач. Он встает в двадцать минут восьмого. Он работает утром и днем. Вечером он не работает. Вечером он отдыхает. 5. Твоя сестра говорит по-французски? - Нет. Она говорит по-немецки, а ее муж говорит по-английски. 6. Когда вы встаете? - Я встаю без четверти семь. 7. Когда встает твой брат? - Он встает без двадцати восемь. - А твоя сестра тоже встает без двадцати восемь? - Нет. Мой брат ходит в школу, а моя сестра не ходит в школу. Она еще не ученица. Она встает в девять часов. 8. Он не моет руки перед едой. 9. Этот мальчик свистит в классе. 10. Он не играет ни на каком музыкальном инструменте. 11. Но мальчик играет в футбол и любит смотреть мультипликационные фильмы. 12. Он любит школьные каникулы, особенно летние каникулы. 13. День рождения у мальчика 31 декабря. 14. Он поэтому получает много подарков.

Практические упражнения

Exercise 41. Translate into English, using the verbs in the present simple.

Мой дядя - инженер. Он очень занят. Его рабочий день начинается рано утром. Он встает в семь часов. Он умывается, одевается и завтракает. После завтрака он идет на работу. Он работает в институте. Он любит свою работу. Он женат. Его жена - врач. Она работает в больнице. Вечером она изучает французский язык. Она посещает курсы французского языка. Мой дядя не говорит по-французски. Он говорит по-русски и по-немецки. Он изучает английский язык. Вечером он посещает курсы английского языка. Сын моего дяди - ученик. Он ходит в школу. В школе он изучает английский язык.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Exercise 42. Read the sentences and analyze the use of the preesnt continuous.

A. 1. The baby is crying again. I think it's hungry. 2. Emma can't come to the phone right now, she is having a shower. 3. Martha is still working in the garden. 4. Why are you shouting at me? What's wrong? 5. Look! It's snowing heavily. 6. Denis is working at a new project this semester. 7. Now Olga is studying at the courses in the British Council. 8. Longman is publishing new books this year. 9. They are redecorating their house in the summer.

B. 1. The bus is leaving in five minutes. 2. Are you going to see the new play? 3. When is the plane taking off? 4. Is Sam coming with us? 5. I'm cleaning the house on Monday. 6. Mum and I are leaving for the country one of these days.

Exercise 43. Put the verbs in brackets into the proper tense form.

1. Look out of the window. (It, rain)? Should I take my umbrella? 2. Shhh. The baby (sleep). 3. Right now I am in class. I (stand) at my desk and (speak) English to my students. 4. Mary is at home. She (eat) dinner and (listen) to music. 5. It (rain not) at the moment. The sun (shine), and

Практические упражнения

the sky (be) blue. Light clouds (fly) across the sky. 6. Denny is in the library. He (sit) at a table. He (write) a composition. 7. - The students (take) a test in class right now? - No, the lecturer (explain) something to them. 8. Johnny, (listen) to me? What you (think) about, I wonder? 9. - What you brother (do) in the kitchen? - He (do) the crossword in the newspaper. 10. I like winter. Every morning I come to the window to see if it (snow). 11. Jack, why you (sit) at the back of the class today? 12. - Has Ben finished his homework? — No, he still (do) it. 13. The sun (set). It'll get dark soon. 14. I (look) at the man, but I can't recognize him. Who is he? 15. Mrs. Loveday usually teaches Class A, but this year she (teach) Class C. 16. Simon (take) driving lessons as he is going to buy a car.

Exercise 44. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous.

(NOW) It (not to rain) any more, it (to clear) up and the sun (to shine). The jazz band (to play) in the park. A lot of people (to listen) to the music and they really (to have) a good time. But they (not to dance) yet. There is a coffee shop there. Only seven people (to sit) there, and only five people (to wait) in the queue. Some people (to have) sandwiches and (to drink) coffee, tea or fruit juices. Boys and girls over there (to laugh) and (to make) a lot of noise. They (to play) games and Tom (to take) pictures. So what (to go) on?

Exercise 45. Transform the sentences into the present continuous according to the model. Begin each sentence with Look!

Model: They teach their children to climb trees. — Look! They are teaching their children to climb trees.

1. They sell exotic vegetables.

2. Children build sandcastles at the seaside.

3. My dog eats potatoes.

4. Young girl wears dirty jeans.

5. The teacher listens to Russian folk music.

6. Her parents take Mary to the Zoo.

7. Ben and Tim ride our bicycles.

8. She cooks fantastic pancakes.

9. He travels by horse.

10. She walks alone.

Практические упражнения

Exercise 46. Write short answers to these questions.

1. Is the situation getting better?

Yes, it is.

2. Are Sonara and Alfitel working together now?

Yes,_____.

3. Are they improving the quality of their services?

No,______.

4. Is Mr Robertson looking for a bigger factory?

No,_______.

5. Are you and Robert testing our new product?

Yes,______.

6. Hi, Sam! So you aren't working for RTS Sports any more?

No,______.

7. Is Barbara trying to get money for her new project?

Yes,_______.

8. Is their new shop attracting a lot of customers?

No,_______.

Exercise 47. Answer the questions using the words in brackets.

Model: Are you drawing? (write a story)

- No, I'm not. I'm writing a story.

1. Is he writing a letter? (watch television) _____________________

2. Are you reading Byron's poems? (learn them by heart) __________

3. Is Dad smoking in his study? (read a newspaper) ______________

4. Are they listening to the radio? (talk with a friend) _____________

5. Are you hurrying to work? (go home) _______________________

6. Is Joan playing the piano? (listen to a concert) _________________

7. Are you working at your essay? (write a film script) ____________

8. Is she washing up? (cook) _________________________________

Exercise 48. Answer the questions using the words in brackets.

Model: Is Mother very busy just now? (type a report)

- Yes, she is. She is typing a report.

1. Is Jerry very busy just now? (study) ________________________

2. Are the students very busy just now? (read) __________________

Практические упражнения

3. Is Susan very busy just now? (have breakfast) ________________

4. Are the Greens very busy just now? (shop) ___________________

5. Is Miss Black very busy just now? (sew) _____________________

6. Is Jane very busy just now? (wash up) _______________________

7. Is Henry very busy just now? (skate) ________________________

8. Are the girls very busy just now? (rehearse) ___________________

Exercise 49. Answer the questions using the words in brackets.

Model: What are you doing? (daydream)

- I'm daydreaming.

1. Why is Father making such a terrible noise? (teach the dog to bark) ______________________________________________________

2. What are you doing with the scissors? (cut out a dress) ______________________________________________________

3. Where are you hurrying to? (run to catch my bus) ______________________________________________________

4. What are you doing in this shop? (buy a mink coat) ______________________________________________________

5. Why are you leaving so soon? (go to the University) ______________________________________________________

6. Why is she playing the violin so late? (rehearse for a concert) ______________________________________________________

7. Why are the children listening so attentively? (listen to a favourite fairy tale) ______________________________________________________

8. What is George doing in the kitchen? (bake an apple pie) ______________________________________________________

Exercise 50. Complete these sentences using some of these verbs: get, become, change, improve, fall, increase, rise.

Model: The water level is rising very fast.

1. The prices for food _____________________ at the moment.

2. He is still weak but he ______________________ stronger slowly.

3. These days life ____________________ more and more expensive.

4. The weather ________________ every moment: now cold, now hot.

5. The cost of living ___________ Every year things are more expensive.

Практические упражнения

6. Victor has gone to work in America. When he arrived, his English wasn't very good but now it _______________________________

7. The environment is already very bad and it ______________ worse.

Exercise 51. Complete the article about the food group Pret a Manger. Use the present continuous form of the words from the box

increase export plan expand

translate

The number of Pret a Manger (PaM) shops is increasing¹ not only in London, but also in other parts of the UK. At present PaM ________² its overseas business, particularly in China. Currently it ___________³ its advertising material into Chinese. PaM __________⁴ its winning formula to Hong Kong and Japan. PaM ___________⁵ to open new shops in New York.

Exercise 52. Analyze the tenses in the following conversation. Answer the questions given below.

I'm waiting

Julia: Mark? I'm at the station. I'm waiting for the train to London.

Mark: Hello, Julia. Glad to hear you. I'm waiting for you here.

Julia: What are you doing? Are you getting the dinner ready? Oh, I don't hear you. The train is coming. I'm arriving home in an hour. Bye.

Questions.

Is Julia waiting for the train at the station?

Where is she going to?

Who is waiting for Julia?

Is Mark waiting for Julia at home or at the station?

Mark is getting the dinner ready, isn't he?

I wonder if Mark is meeting Julia at the station?

Практические упражнения

Exercise 53. Look at Tom Kent's diary for next week. Then read the examples and look at the tip. Complete the conversation between Sue and Tom's secretary. It is now Friday 11th.

Mon 14 am visit Brunsfield factory pm meet Korean visitors	Thurs 17 am Geneva pm
Tues 15 am talk on word-of-mouth advertising (till 10) pm departmental meeting (preparation)	Fri 18 am Geneva pm
Wed 16 am departmental meeting (10.00-11.30) pm to Geneva	Sat 19 am Geneva pm am back from Geneva

For example:

1. Tom Kent is visiting the Brunsfield factory on Monday morning.

2. On Wednesday morning, he is attending a departmental meeting.

Tip: We use the present continuous tense to talk about fixed arrangements. This is sometimes called the diary future.

Sue: Hello. I'd like to make an appointment to see Tom Kent on Wednesday afternoon.

Secretary: I'm afraid Mr Kent is _______¹ then. And he is not _________² until Saturday.

Sue: Right. How about Monday?

Secretary: He's tied up all day Monday. Would Tuesday suit you?

Sue: Tuesday? Fine. What sort of time?

Secretary: Well, he's_________³ till 10.00, but he could see you after that. Otherwise in the afternoon he's ________⁴, but I'm sure he could fit you in.

Sue: Three o'clock would be great.

Secretary: Three. Right. I've made a note of that, and I'll call you back to confirm the appointment.

Sue: Thank you very much.

Практические упражнения

Exercise 54. Sometimes we all try to start a new life. Then we make resolutions, give ourselves promises, plan ahead.

What are you planning to do in the future? Tell your friends about your future plans in the following way:

Tomorrow

Next week

Next month

In January (February, etc.)

When I come back home from this trip

I’M GOING TO or I’M NOT GOING TO

give up drinking give up eating chocolate work harder work less be a nicer person stop shouting at my mum/dad girlfriend/boyfriend/brother lose weight redecorate the house be tidier do more exercise travel more

eat less be more punctual watch less TV be more decisive be more relaxed start a new life fall in love get married find another job make a lot of money go abroad read more

Exercise 55. Translate into English using the verbs in the present continuous.

(СЕЙЧАС) 1. Я сижу в парке на скамейке и кормлю птиц. 2. Мама сидит на диване в гостиной и смотрит телевизор. 3. Это фотография моих друзей. Том играет на гитаре, а Джейн поет. 4. А здесь они танцуют на моем дне рождения. 5. Мы делаем упражнение. 6. Мы не купаемся. 7. Они играют во дворе? 8. Нина и Аня моют пол. 9. Коля помогает маме. 10. Ты помогаешь папе? 11. Моя сестра читает интересную книгу. 12, Они идут в школу. 13. Вы идете в школу?

14. Он работает? 15 . Твоя бабушка идет в магазин? 16. Он покупает конфеты. 17. Что делает твоя сестра? 18. Где играют дети? 19. Почему ты смеешься? 20. Куда они идут? 21. Что несут эти мальчики? 22. Я читаю. 23. Он не пишет. 24. Мы не работаем.

Практические упражнения

25. Вы читаете? 26. Он спит? 27. Коля и Миша играют в футбол. 28. Катя играет на рояле. 29. Она не поет. 30. Моя сестра спит. 31. Папа пьет чай? 32. Твои родители пьют чай? 33. Я не сплю. 34. Она сидит за столом.

Exercise 56. Put the verbs in the brackets into the present continuous or present simple.

I (to take) my sister to school now.	I (to take) her to school every day.
He (to help) his father now.	He (to help) his father very often.
At the moment they (to go) to the river for a swim.	They usually (to go) to the river for a swim.
She (to play) the violin now.	She (to play) the violin every day.
I (to read) now.	I (to read) every day.
He (to sleep) now.	He (to sleep) every night.
We (to drink) tea now.	We (to drink) tea every morning.
I (not to sleep) now.	I (not to sleep) in the daytime.
She (not to drink) coffee now.	She (not to drink) coffee after lunch.

Exercise 57. Put the verbs in the brackets into the present continuous or present simple.

1. His father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired. 2. Pat (not to cook) dinner at the moment. She (to talk) on the phone. She (to cook) dinner every Monday. 3. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 4. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning. 5. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 6. Your friend (to go) to school in the morning? 7. Look! The baby (to sleep). 8. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner. 9. My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension. 10. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden.

Exercise 58. Choose the proper tense form.

1. She speaks/is speaking five languages.

2. Look at that man. He wears/is wearing such a funny hat.

Практические упражнения

3. Don't take that book back to the library. I am reading/read it.

4. They have/are having two daughters and two sons.

5. Do you understand/are you understanding Spanish?

6. We think/are thinking opera is boring.

7. Be quiet! I am watching/watch my favorite program.

8. We don't enjoy/aren't enjoying this party at all. The music is too loud. But we are enjoying/enjoy going to big parties.

9. Alec and Mary are Scottish. They come/are coming from Glasgow. They'll be here very soon. They come/are coming by car.

10. Lisa can't answer the phone. She has/is having a bath.

11. Every hour the Planet Earth travels/is travelling 66,620 miles around the Sun.

12. Where is Jane? She listen/is listening to a French song but she doesn’t understand what it is meaning/means.

Exercise 59. Underline the correct form of the verbs to complete the e-mail.

Dear Lydia

I work/am working¹ at home today. Usually I don't work/am not working² at home on Fridays, but I write/am writing³ an important report. It takes/is takings⁴ a long time to finish. Ellen normally deals/is dealing⁵ with this, but she is away this week. I left my notes in the office. Can you check this information for me?

• Our company has/is having⁶ 1,200 employees.

• We export/are exporting⁷ to Japan and Germany.

• 10 of the sales staff learns /are learning⁸ Japanese.

• 70% of our income comes /is coming⁹ from the home market.

Thanks for your help.

Regards

Tomas

Exercise 60. Underline the present simple or the present continuous form of the verb to complete these sentences.

1. I stay/am staying at the Ritz every time I'm in New York. I stay/am staying at the Ritz at the moment.

2. She works/is working at home today. She works/is working at home Практические упражнения

every day.

3. She often calls/is calling Russia. At the moment she calls/is calling a customer in Moscow.

4. I don't usually deal/dealing with the paperwork. I deal/am dealing with all the paperwork while Susan is away.

5. It normally takes/is taking about two months. But this delivery takes/is taking longer than usual.

6. We normally use/are using a London firm. This time we use/are using a different company.

Exercise 61. Complete this article with the present simple or the present continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

The Inditex group

The Inditex group owns (own) six fashion chains including Zara. It _________ (have) around 1,500 stores worldwide. It _________ (operate) in 44 countries. Inditex _________. (employ) 27,000 people and __________ (have) more than 200 fashion designers.

Currently the fashion designers _________ (work) on next year's designs. The Inditex group _________ (do) very well at the moment, and it _________ (try) to become a global fashion leader.

Amancio Ortega, the founder of Inditex, also __________ (invest) in property and hotels. Most of this year's investment ___________ (stay) in Spain.

Exercise 62. A. Complete the text with verbs from the box. Use either the present simple or present continuous tense.

co-ordinate attend go have know prepare speak think travel

Sofia Grammatopoulos is Marketing Manager at Kayavis Food & Wine S.A., an expanding medium-sized business in Thessaloniki. She co-ordinates¹ the work of a team of three people. Kayavis _______² distributors in eleven countries in Europe and America, so Sofia often ________³ abroad. Next week, she ________⁴ to Canada to visit their new retail outlet. She _______⁵ Greek, English, and Danish. At the moment she

Практические упражнения

__________⁶ an intensive German course because the owner of Kayavis ___________⁷ of opening a shop and a large restaurant in Munich. Sofia ________⁸ that she will have to work in Germany for six months, so she _________⁹ herself for her new assignment as best as she can.

B. Make questions for these answers. All the information is in the text in exercise A.

1. What does Sofia do? She co-ordinates the work of a team of three people.

2. ________________________ - Eleven.

3. _______________________ - Next week.

4. ______________________ - To visit their new retail outlet.

5. _______________________ - Greek, English and Danish.

6. _______________________ - Because she will have to work in Germany.

7. _______________________ - In Munich.

Exercise 63. Complete these sentences with either the present simple or the present continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

1. We normally hold (hold) our sales conference in Spain, but this year we ___________ (hold) it in Poland.

2. Although we _______ (use) our own sales rep at the moment, we generally (use) agents in Japan.

3. It normally _________ (take) us two years to develop a new product.

4. We don't often __________ (raise) our prices more than 5%, but this time we ________ (raise) them 10%.

5. Usually our Sales Director _________ (deal) with important customers.

6. We usually ________ (recruit) from within the company, but this time we _________ (advertise) externally.

7. We _________ (rent) offices until our new headquarters are ready.

8. The company _________ (want) to achieve record sales this year.

Практические упражнения

Exercise 64. Correct the following sentences, according to the model.

stands

Model: Smithson's magnificent headquarters building is standing in Bloor Street in Toronto, Canada.

1. The head of Smithson, Carla Ferenzi, is wanting to make Smithson a world-class company.

2. When Carla is arriving at the office each morning, she is checking her schedule for the day with her personal assistant.

3. Carla Ferenzi travels in Asia at the moment. She visits important new markets there as she is needing to know more about them.

4. Carla is knowing a lot of important businesspeople in Asia.

5. Smithson usually recruits about 100 graduates every year, but this year it recruits 150.

6. Smithson expands fast: sales increased by 30 percent last year and the same figure is forecast for this year.

Exercise 65. Correct the sentences if necessary. Use the present simple or the present continuous.

1. Tom is in his room. He plays the piano.

2. Jill is speaking five languages.

3. I am looking for my glasses. Where are they?

4. My brother is smoking 20 cigarettes a day.

5. I am not understanding what he is speaking about.

6. John is tired, so he has a short sleep.

7. The man in the dark grey coat is looking like Tom Garrett.

8. He doesn't like ballroom dancing.

9. I'm looking out of the window, but I 'm not seeing him.

10. I am remembering that holiday we had in France a few years ago.

11. How much is it costing to send a letter to Paris?

12. My parents are never drinking strong coffee.

13. I hate big cities.

14. The play is beginning at half past seven.

15. What are you thinking of that novel?

16. What are you thinking about?

Практические упражнения

PRESENT PERFECT

Exercise 66. Put the verb in brackets into the present perfect.

1. I don't know this girl. I never (meet) her before. 2. "Where is Mother?" - "She just (go out)." 3. "Don't you know what the film is about?"-"No, I (not/see) it." 4. Don't worry about the letter. I already (post) it. 5. "Is he a good teacher?" - "Oh yes, he (help) me a lot." 6. I know London perfectly well. I (be) there several times. 7. I can't find my umbrella. I think, somebody (take) it by mistake. 8. "Do you speak Spanish?" - "No, I never (study) it." 9. "Do you know where they have gone?" - "No, they (sell) their house and (not/leave) their new address."

Exercise 67 Answer the questions. Put the verb in brackets into the present perfect.

Model: Is his article ready? (write)

Yes, he has written it.

1. Are her rooms clean? (do)

2. Is our dinner ready, Mother? (cook)

3. Does she know the poem? (learn)

4. Do you know this sort of pencil? (use)

5. Does he know how nice the cake is? (eat)

6. Do you know that your gloves are on the table? (find)

7. Is Bobby’s face clean? (wash)

8. Do you know how beautiful these songs are? (hear)

Exercise 68. You are talking to a friend about the events in your family.

Make sentences from the given words according to the model.

Model: My brother Greg/graduate/from the University.

My brother Greg has graduated from the University.

You know, Elinor, a lot has changed in our family since we last met.

1. Father/get/a new job/in South Africa.

2. He and Mother/leave/for Cape Town.

3. Mary/marry/an architect/from Canada.

4. I/pass/my/law/exams.

5. I/meet/the man/for me.

Практические упражнения

Exercise 69. What questions would Mr Bly ask his personal assistant Mr Cox? (Read Mr Cox’s To do“list for his boss’s trip first)

…Have you booked a flight? ………………………………? ………………………………? ………………………………? ………………………………? ………………………………?

To do Mr Bly’s trip to Chicago book flight reserve hotel room arrange meeting with Gruber change meeting with Klonowski confirm meeting with Gruber cancel meeting with Pinkowski

Exercise 70. Complete these interview questions using the present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

1. How have you changed (you change) over the last five years?

2. What other jobs __________ (you apply for) recently?

3. What _____________ (you read) recently?

4. What kind of people ___________ (you work) with?

5. What sort of bosses __________________ (you have)?

6. What __________________ (you learn) from your other jobs?

7. What sort of problems _____________ (you have) to deal with?

8. What _____________ (you do) that shows leadership?

Exercise 71. Complete the short answers with the correct form of have.

1. A: Has Francois ever worked in a bank?

B: No, he hasn’t.

2. A: Have all the candidates for interview arrived?

B: Yes,_____________.

3. A: So you have worked for Nielsen Electronics, is that right?

B: Yes,_____________.

4. A: What about these candidates? Have they ever managed a project?

B: No, _____________.

5. A: Have you called a job agency?

B: No,________________.

6. A: Have you and Luis received a reply yet?

B: Well, Luis ____________ , but I'm afraid I ____________ .

Практические упражнения

Exercise 72. Answer the questions in the way shown. Use yet.

Model 1: Have you finished the book yet?

- No, I haven't finished it yet. I am still reading it.

Model 2: Have you seen the new film at the local cinema?

- I haven't seen it yet but I'm going to see it.

1. Have you translated the article yet? 2. Have they finished discussing the problem? 3. Have you decided who will make a report on the international situation? 4. Has she had her lunch yet? 5. Have they finished working at their course papers? 6. Has he woken up? (to sleep) 7. Has she made breakfast? 8. Have you eaten at the new Italian restaurant? 9. Have you bought a car? 10. Has Gerry asked Diana to marry him? 11. Have you spoken to the dean already? 12. Has he read the newspaper? 13. Have you washed the plates? 14. Have you seen him already? 15. Have you asked them for dinner? 16. Have you already explained it to him? 17. Have they passed their tests already? 18. Has she taken the pills? 19. Have they accepted the conditions? 20. Have you decided when to go?

Exercise 73. Make sentences with already and yet.

Model: Don't forget to pack some warm clothes. - I've already packed them.

Have you typed the letters yet? - Yes, I've already typed them.

Have you bought that dress? - No, I haven't bought it yet, but I'm going to buy it.

1. Why don't you have a bath? - ______________________

2. Shall I buy some newspapers? - No, _________________

3. Have you asked Jim yet? - Yes, ____________________

4. Have you invited Larry and Sue? - No, I _________________, but I am ________________

5. Has the manager arrived yet? - Yes, ________________

6. Has Jill written to Dad? - No, she _________________ but she ________________ tonight.

Exercise 74. Use the words in brackets to make questions according to the model.

Model: (he/ever/paint/people) Has he ever painted people?

Практические упражнения

1. (you ever/be/to Scotland?)__________________________________

2. (your parents/live/here all their lives?) ________________________

3. (you/hear/this concert?) ____________________________________

4. (how many times/you/ be married? ___________________________

5. (he/ever/meet/the President?)________________________________

6. (you/ever/visit/the White House?) ____________________________

Exercise 75. Make questions using the words given.

Model: (anything/happen/recently?)

Has anything happened recently?

1. (you/read/any books recently?) ______________________________

2. (you/hear/from Tom in the past few days?) ____________________

3. (you/buy/any new records recently?) ________________________

4. (you/eat/anything today?) __________________________________

5. (you/see/any good films recently?) ___________________________

6. (it/snow/here this year yet?) ________________________________

Exercise 76. Put in gone or been.

Model: She is back home from holiday now. She has been to Italy.

1. I saw Jane ten minutes ago but now she's _______________.

2. Max is on holiday now. He has ______________ to India.

3. London is a wonderful city. I have ________________ there many times.

4. There is a new cinema in our town. Have you ever ______________ there?

5. I don't know where Bob is now. I think he has _______________ to school.

6. Hi, Ann! Where have you ______________ all this time?

7. Have you ever ____________ to New York? — Oh, yes. Once.

8. Hello! I've just _____________ to the circus. I had a wonderful time there.

9. I'm not going to school. I have already ___________ there today.

10. Ben and Tom have _______________ out. But they will be back in a moment.

Exercise 77. Answer the following questions using the present perfect.

1. What films have you seen this month? 2. What new places have you Практические упражнения

visited this year? 3. What new buildings have appeared in your town during the year? 4. How much money have you spent this week? 5. How many lectures have you missed this term? 6. How many telephone calls have you made since the beginning of this week? 7. What has the weather been like this month? 8. What different types of lessons have you had today? 9. How many holidays have you spent abroad over the past three years? 10. Which of your friends haven't you seen for some time? 11. How long have you lived in your present house? 12. How many reports have you made at the seminars so far? 13. How many times have you been to a disco this month? 14. How many questions have you answered so far? 15. How long has it taken to complete this exercise?

Exercise78. Four business people were asked about stressful experiences. Look at the table; then answer the questions, as in the examples.

v – yes, x-no

	Have you ever asked your boss for a pay rise?	Have you ever made a formal presentation?	Have you ever negotiated an important contract?
Sergio	x	v	x
Marie	v	x	v
Lucy	v	x	x

1. Has Sergio ever made a formal presentation? Yes, he has.

2. Has Sergio ever asked his boss for a pay rise? No, he hasn’t.

3. Has Marie ever negotiated an important contract? _____________

4. Has Marie ever made a formal presentation? _________________

5. Have Lucy and Sergio ever negotiated an important contract? _______

6. Have Lucy and Marie ever asked their boss for a pay rise? __________

7. Has anybody ever made a formal presentation? ___________________

Exercise79. Complete the information about Said and Aldona with the correct form of the verbs in brackets (past simple or present perfect).

1. Said was born (be born) in 1973 in Morocco.

2. He _________ (go) to university in 1991.

3. He _________ (work) in Spain from 1997 to 1999.

Практические упражнения

4. He _________ (meet) Aldona in 2000.

5. Said and Aldona _________ (get married) in 2001.

6. They ________ (live) in London since 2002.

7. Aldona _________ (become) a travel agent a year ago.

8. Said __________ (finish) a computer course last July.

9. He __________ (be) a website designer since September.

Exercise80. Match each of the sentences from column A with a suitable context from column B

A I hope you enjoyed the launch party. I hope you have enjoyed the launch party. Has the post come this morning? Did the post come this morning? Has Max rung this week? Did Max ring this week? Has Mary finished that report? Did Mary finish that report?

B Mary has gone home. It is 6.00 p.m. The launch party is about to finish. Max rings on Monday or Tuesday. It's Friday at 6.00 p.m. Mary is still at the office. It is 2.30. It is 10.00 in the morning. Max rings on Monday or Tuesday. It's Tuesday. It is 3.00 in the afternoon. The launch party was last week.

Exercise81. Find a proper way of continuing each of the sentences in column A with a sentence or a phrase in column B.

A	В
1. I have read the instructions. 2. I read the instructions.	a) I didn't understand them. b) I don't understand them.
3. Tom has had a bad car crash. 4. Tom had a bad car crash.	a) He is in hospital now. b) He recovered soon.
5. I haven't seen Jane this morning. 6. I didn’t see Jane this morning.	It is 6 PM now. b) It is 11 AM now.

Практические упражнения

7. The lift has broken down. 8. The lift broke down.	a) It didn't work for two days. b) We have to use the stairs.
9. I have seen wolves in this forest. 10. I saw wolves in this forest.	a) Walking there might be dangerous. b) It was a long time ago.
11. John Smith has written a number of stories. 12. John Smith wrote a number of stories.	a) Most of them were published after his death. b) Now he is writing a script for a movie.
13. I am fond of horse-riding. 14. I used to go in for horse-riding.	a) Did you ever fall off a horse?! b) Have you ever fallen off a horse?
15. I have planted fourteen rose-bushes 16. I planted fourteen rose­bushes	a) so far this morning. b) on Sunday.
17. I haven't visited my aunt 18. I didn't visit my aunt	a) for a long time. b) last summer.
19. I have passed my driving test 20. I passed my driving test	a) without any problems. b) at last.
21. Michael hasn't appeared on TV 22. Michael didn't appear on TV	a) last week. b) before now.
23. He has lived here all his life. 24. He lived here all his life.	a) He never left the town for more than a week. b) He knows everybody here.

Exercise82. Choose the correct tense form.

1. We (not/have) a holiday last year.

A didn't have

В haven''t had

С hadn't have

2. My parents (be) to the USA many times.

A have been

В were

С have being

3. I (buy) a new dress last week, but I (not / wear) it yet.

A have bought A haven't worn

В bought В wore

С had bought С didn't wear

Практические упражнения

4. … it (stop) raining yet?

A Did it stop

В Is it stopped

С Has it stopped

5. Don't worry about your letter. I (send) it the day before yesterday.

A sended

В have sent

С sent

6. I (lose) my glasses. I (have) them when I came to the college this morning.

A losed A have had

В have lost В had

С lost С have.

7. When Jill (finish) school?

A When had Jill finished

В When has Jill finished

С When did Jill finish

8. When I was a child, I (always / be) late for school.

A have always been

B was always late

С had always been

9. I can't find my umbrella. I think somebody (take) by mistake.

A took

В takes

С has taken

10. Are you tired? Yes, a little. I (paint) the ceiling today.

A have painted

В painted

С paint

11. We (not / see) Peter this week, but we (see) him a couple of weeks ago.

A didn't see A saw

В haven't saw В have saw

С haven't seen С have seen

12. Have you got any money? Yes, I (borrow) it from my brother.

A borrowed

В have borrowed

С did borrow

Практические упражнения

13. -Where is Jane? - She (go) the shops. She'll be back soon.

A went

В has gone to

С has been to

14. My husband (work) in the bank for three years since 2004 to 2007.

A has worked

В had worked

С worked

15. Mom (lose) her car keys, so we have to open the door by force.

A has lost

В lost

С losed

16. One of the passengers (die) in that accident.

A has died

B died

17. My sister and her husband (be married) since last Christmas.

A were married

В have married

C have been married

18. ... the post (come) today?

A Did the post come

В Has the post come

С Has the post came

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Exercise83. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect continuous.

1. I'm tired. I (work) all day.

2. How long (you wait) here?

3. I (stand) here since 6 o'clock.

4. How long (you learn) Chinese?

5. She (study) English for five years.

6. You're out of breath. ... (you run)?

7. We (live) here for twelve years.

8. My hands are dirty. I (repair) the car.

9. How long (the children, sleep)?

Практические упражнения

10. What (you, do) all afternoon?

11. They (ring) me about it every day for the past week.

12. It started raining last Monday and it (rain) ever since.

Exercise84. Put the verb in brackets into the present perfect continuous.

1. I (work) on this problem for two months. 2. She (sleep) all this time? 3. You (talk) this nonsense all day long. 4. "Any news about your latest project?" - "I just (tell) about it." 5. He says he (not/feel) well for the past week. 6. You are red all over. How long you (lie) in the sun today? 7. I (try) to get you all day, George! 8. I (not/sleep) well for months. 9. We (see) each other regularly since the party at Helen's. 10. "Jack isn't working now." -"He (not/work) for years."

Exercise85. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect continuous

1. - What are you doing?

- I'm repairing my son's bicycle. I (do) it for two hours.

2. I'll call for an ambulance. She (get) weaker and weaker since she had breakfast.

3. Hurry up, John. I'm waiting for you. You (have a bath) for an hour.

4. Who is that man standing on the corner? He (stand) there for the last half an hour.

5. Where is Dad? I (wait) for him since 6 p.m. We are going to be late to the concert.

6. I can't stand it any more. Those people (quarrel) since breakfast.

7. - Jim works as a sales manager.

- Really?

- He (sell) washing machines for three months.

8. Dora is playing the piano. She (play) the piano since I came.

9. Aren't you going to tell me what (you/do) in my absence?

10. How long you (sit) here?

11. Michael, I (try) to get you all day!

12. I'll go and wash my eyes. I don't want my husband to see I (cry).

13. The amount of crime (increase) for the last ten years and we can't stop this process.

Практические упражнения

Exercise 86. Put the questions to the following sentences beginning with how long.

Model: How long has he been doing this exercise?

1. Mike has been writing his translation for an hour.

2. My sister has been learning Italian since she was five. 3. We've been waiting for him for two hours. 4. They've been talking for an hour. 5. She has been playing the piano for two hours. 6. I've been looking for this dictionary for three months. 7. The students have been discussing this problem since 2 o'clock. 8. They have been developing my pictures since Monday.

Exercise87. Make up sentences using the present perfect continuous.

Model: Suzy is in her riding boots, (she/ride) - She has been riding.

You are dirty all over. What (you/do) - What have you been doing?

1. Have a rest now. (you/work too hard/lately) ____________________

2. You are shivering, (you/stand/in this cold/long?) ________________

3. Her hands are red and wet. (she/scrub/the floors/for three hours) _______________________________________________________

4. The children are quite voiceless, (they/sing at the top of their voices/since morning) _____________________________________

Exercise88. Answer the questions using the present perfect continuous tense.

Model: Why is your hair wet? - I have been swimming.

1. Why are your eyes red? 2. Why are your clothes wet? 3. Why do you look so tired? 4. Why are you out of breath? 5. Why are you so sleepy today? 6. Why are you so irritable today? 7. Why are your hands dirty? 8. Why are your trousers greasy? 9. Why do you want to take a day off? 10. Why are you late?

Exercise89. Make up sentences according to the model.

Model: Mary is having a bath. She went to the bathroom an hour ago. Mary has been having a bath for an hour.

1. Jack is sleeping now. He went to bed three hours ago. ______________ Практические упражнения

2. Steve is working in his room. He started working two hours ago. _____ 3. They are building a new house. They began to build it four months ago._________ 4. They are repairing the road. They started repairing it on 20 May ________ 5. It is snowing now. It began to snow three days ago. _______.

Exercise90. Read the story and analyze the use of the present perfect continuous.

Office Problems

Mr. Brown is the manager in a small company. He has been having problems in his office for about 2 months. The situation is really embarrassing.

His secretary has been complaining about too much secretarial work since he sacked their office boy. Besides, some of his employees have been complaining about lack of bonuses and overtime since he made redundant some employees. More than that, his company has been losing customers and has been making less and less profits. Mr. Brown thinks that their accountant has been neglecting his duties. The company's customers have been writing him about mistakes in invoices and other documents as well as delays in deliveries. Mr. Brown doesn't know what to do because he doesn't understand why all this has been happening in his office. He is disappointed, embarrassed and upset. Has the time come for him to improve his skills as a manager?

Words and word combinations you may need

embarrassing adj – обескураживающий

make redundant - уволить (по сокращению штатов)

sack v - уволить

overtime n — сверхурочная работа

neglect duties - пренебрегать обязанностями

lack n — нехватка

bonus n — премия

Exercise 91. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous or present perfect continuous.

1. He (to run) now. He (to run) for ten minutes without any rest. 2. What they (to do) now? They (to work) in the library. They (to work) for two hours. 3. She (to wash) in the bathroom now. She (to wash) for half an Практические упражнения

hour. 4. Where is Nick now? He is in the garden. He (to plant) trees. He (to plant) trees the whole morning.

Exercise92. Translate into English using either the present continuous or present perfect continuous.

1. а) Она все еще изучает испанский язык.

b) Она уже два года изучает испанский язык.

2. а) Они все еще живут на даче.

b) Они уже четыре месяца живут на даче.

3. а) Она все еще разговаривает по телефону.

   2. Она разговаривает по телефону уже двадцать минут.

4. а) Мой брат все еще решает эту трудную задачу.

   2. Он решает эту задачу уже полчаса.

5. a) Она все еще пишет письмо бабушке.

   2. Она уже целый час пишет это письмо.

6. а) Они все еще ловят рыбу.

b) Они ловят рыбу уже пять часов.

7. а) Дедушка и бабушка все еще играют в лото.

   2. Они играют в лото уже два часа.

8. а) Они все еще спорят.

b) Они спорят уже два часа.

9. а) Она еще спит.

   2. Она спит уже два часа.

10. а) Он еще делает уроки.

b) Он делает уроки уже три часа.

11. а) Мальчики все еще играют в футбол.

b) Они играют в футбол уже сорок минут.

Exercise93Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or present perfect continuous.

1. Sorry I'm late. - That's all right. I (not to wait) long. 2. Look at my hands. They are dirty. I (to paint the ceiling) 3. Ann (to travel) in Europe for three months. She (to see) three countries so far. 4. This young man (to write) books since he was 15. He (to write) 10 books so far. 5. John (to chose) clothes for two hours. He (to chose) only two suits.

Практические упражнения

Exercise 94. Complete the conversation with the following sentences:

1. Have you been working? 2. You sound as if you've been enjoying yourself. 3. What have you been doing this summer? 4. Which hotel have you been working in? 5. Did you enjoy them? 6. Have you done any sightseeing? 7. How long have you been here? 8. Have you seen any Shakespeare plays yet?

A:______________________________________________________?

B: I've been travelling around Europe and doing some jobs here and there.

A:______________________________________________________?

B: Here in Stratford? Oh, for a few days.

A:______________________________________________________?

B: Yes, I have. In a hotel.

A: It's a small hotel. I think you haven't heard about it.

B:______________________________________________________?

A: Yes, I have seen «Hamlet» and «Romeo and Juliette».

B:______________________________________________________?

A:Yes, I did. I liked «Hamlet» very much.

B:______________________________________________________?

A: Yes, Г ve seen Shakespeare's birthplace and some other places of interest.

B:______________________________________________________?

A: Yes, I have. It's a great place.

Exercise95. Choose either the present perfect or the present perfect continuous.

1. He knows Africa well because he (travel) a lot there.

A has been travelling

В has travelled

2. You (write) this composition for two hours and can't complete it.

A have been writing

В have written

3. - John is still repairing his car. - He must be tired. He (repair) it all day.

A has repaired

В has been repairing

4. Alice promised to come, but she's absent. Something (happen) to her.

A has been happening

Практические упражнения

B has happened

5. The children are drawing. They (draw) since they came home.

A have been drawing

В have drawn

6. _______ they (tell) anything about their summer plans?

A Have they been telling

В Have they told

7. My aunt (have) the big house in the country.

A has always been having

В has always had

Exercise96. Put yourself in the following situations. How would you react? Write the questions using the present perfect or present perfect continuous.

Situation	Reaction
Model:
You see a friend who has shaved his head. He is completely bald!	You say: “What have you done to your hair?” do?
1. You can't find your school-bag. You think your mother might know where it is.	see?
2. You bought yourself a bar of chocolate yesterday. Today there is only half a bar left. You ask your brothers, sisters or friends.	eat?
3. Even worse! All the chocolate is gone - only the wrapper is left!	who/ eat?
4. You haven't seen Douglas Smith for some time. Perhaps he doesn't live in your town any more. You ask a school friend.	see/ recently?
5. You are late for the date with your boyfriend/girlfriend. You run all the way to the disco, but he/she is already there.	wait/ long?

Практические упражнения

6. There was an article in the newspaper about the oldest man (97) in your town, but you didn’t read it. You ask a friend about him.	how long/ live here?
7. You are having a party, but you best friend arrives an hour late!	where on earth/ be?
8. Someone says “I’m very sorry” to you, but you don’t know why.	what/ do?
9. Someone arrives at school with very dirty hands.	where on earth/ be?
10. You look very tired after this exercise. A friend asks you:	how long/ practice/ English?

REVISION

Exercise97. Open the brackets using the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous tense forms.

1. The nearest shop (open) at 9 o'clock and (close) at 20.00 every day. 2. The Olympic games (take place) every four years. 3. Rice (not to grow) in Belarus. 4. Vegetarians (not to eat) meat. 5. The water (boil). Can you turn it off? 6. Let's go out. It (not to rain)and the sun (shine) brightly. 7. Hurry up! Everybody (wait) for us. 8. You (believe) in God? .9. He told me his name but I (not to remember) it now. 10. You (see) that girl over there? She is my friend. 11. Shall I phone to reserve a table? - No, I just (do) it. 12. Would you like something to eat? - No, thank you. I already (have lunch). 13. Jane isn't here at the moment. She (go) to the shop. 14. I (drink) two cups of coffee today but I'd like to have one more. 15. It's the first time she (drive) a car. She never (drive) a car before. 16. You ever (be) to China? - No, I never (go) there. 17. It (rain) for two hours already. 18. How long you (learn) English? - I (learn) it since morning. 19. My brother began looking for a new job six months ago. He still (look) for it. He (look) for a job for six months already. 20. Tom still (watch) TV. He (watch) TV all

Практические упражнения

day. 21. She always (go) to Scotland for her holidays. She (go) there for years. She (go) there next summer too. 22. You (hear) from Ann recently? - No, I (not to see) her since we finished school.

Exercise98. Open the brackets using the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous tense forms.

1. This man (to be) a writer. He (to write) books. He (to write) books since he was a young man. He already (to write) eight books. 2. What you (to do) here since morning? 3. Lena is a very good girl. She always (to help) her mother about the house. Today she (to help) her mother since morning. They already (to wash) the floor and (to dust) the furniture. Now they (to cook) dinner together. 4. He (to run) now. He (to run) for ten minutes without any rest. 5. What they (to do) now? - They (to work) in the reading room. They (to work) there for three hours already. 6. Where he (to be) now? - He (to be) in the garden. He (to play) volleyball with his friends. They (to play) since breakfast time. 7. I (to live) in St. Petersburg. I (to live) in St. Petersburg since 1990. 8. This is the factory where my father (to work). He (to work) here for fifteen years. 9. You (to find) your notebook? - No! I still (to look) for it. I already (to look) for it for two hours, but (not yet to find) it. 10. You (to play) with a ball for three hours already. Go home and do your homework. 11. Wake up! You (to sleep) for ten hours already. 12. I (to wait) for a letter from my cousin for a month already, but (not yet to receive) it. 13. She already (to do) her homework for two hours; but she (not yet to do) half of it. 14. I (to wait) for you since two o'clock. 15. What you (to do)? - I (to read). I (to read) for two hours already. I already (to read) sixty pages.

Exercise99. Open the brackets using the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous tense forms.

1. Her children (to be) in the yard. They (to play) football now. They (to play) it since ten o'clock.

2. She (to speak) English well. She (to study) it for five years. Listen! She (to speak) English to her teacher.

Практические упражнения

3. His son just (to return) home. He (to be) dirty. He (to play) volley-ball.

4. Where David (to be)? - He (to be) in the library. He (to work) there at the moment. - How long he (to be) there? - He (to work) for three hours.

5. Why she (to look) tired? - She (to work) all night.

6. Since when they (to wait) for us? - They (to wait) for half an hour. We (to be) late.

7. My sister (to drive) a car. She (to learn) to drive for two months.

8. Beth (to be) busy this morning, hasn't she? - Yes. She already (to write) some letters and (to interview) four people.

9. Julia already (to return) home. She always (to come) home at this time. She (to do) her lessons. She (to do) them since three o'clock.

10. My baby (to sleep) at the moment. My baby (to sleep) for two hours.

11. Peter (to write) letters now. He (to write) since seven - o'clock. He (not to finish) writing yet.

12. What they (to do) now? - They (to discuss) a very important problem. They (to discuss) it for two hours; but they (not to reach) the agreement yet.

13. I never (to suppose) that he can cook. He (to be) in the kitchen now. He (to cook) for an hour and he already (to prepare) some tasty dishes.

14. The weather (to be) fine today. There (to be) no clouds •in the sky, the warm wind (to blow). The sun (to shine) since early morning.

15. Where (to be) the pupils? - They (to be) in the garden now. They (to plant) and (to water) the trees. They already (to plant) twenty trees.

16. You (to decide) where to go tonight? - I (to think) about it since eight o'clock but I (not to take) the decision yet.

17. Where my purse (to be)? - You (to put) it into your bag.

18. Why you (not to like) this woman? - I (to hate) since I met her.

19. He (to work) as a translator for already five years.

20. I can say nothing about this ballet as I (not to see) it.

Exercise100. Translate these sentences into English.

1. Мистер Роджерс работает в банке.

2. Не мешайте ему, он работает.

3. Он работает в этом банке уже 7 лет.

4. Он уже проработал в этом банке 7 лет и думает о том, чтобы уйти на пенсию через 20 лет.

Практические упражнения

5. Памела пишет статьи каждый день.

6. Что она сейчас делает? - Пишет статью.

7. Она пишет ее уже час.

8. Сегодня она написала 2 статьи.

9. М-р Быстрое производит спортивное оборудование.

10. Сейчас они производят экспериментальную партию.

11. Они производят это оборудование уже год.

12. Они уже произвели 20 тысяч образцов.

13. Стефания делает упражнения каждый день.

14. Она занята, она делает упражнения.

15. Она делает упражнения всю жизнь.

16. Она уже сделала много упражнений сегодня.

17. М-р Стенслер зарабатывает много денег.

18. Он сейчас зарабатывает деньги.

19. М-р Стенслер зарабатывает деньги с 15 лет.

20. Он уже заработал 200 млн. долларов.

PAST SIMPLE

Exercise101. Rewrite the following text into the past.

On Monday we have five lessons. The first lesson is Russian. At this lesson we write a dictation and do some exercises. Nick goes to the blackboard. He answers well and gets a "five". Pete does not get a "five" because he does not know his lesson. After the second lesson I go to the canteen. I eat a sandwich and drink a cup of tea. I do not drink milk. After school I do not go home at once. I go to the library and take a book. Then I go home.

Exercise102. Fill in the correct past simple form of the verb in brackets.

Five years ago production at Greville Motors __________ (rise) to 53,000 cars a year. Then the dollar __________ (fall). Prices in America __________ (go) up and sales ____________ (decline) dramatically. Greville then _______ (try) to increase sales at home and in other, markets, especially Japan. It also _______ (stop) production of its cheapest model, the 670, and _______ (start) selling more expensive cars. For a short time this _________ (be) very successful.

Практические упражнения

Exercise103. Complete the sales report. Use the past simple of the verbs in brackets

Report on sales trip – South Korea

Last December I visited (visit) our major customers from big department stores in South Korea. On 5^th December I __________ (meet) Mrs Kyoung Ai Lee in Seoul. We _________ (send) her 200 brochures in June. On 6^th December I _________ (make) a presentation to Mrs Lee’s sales staff on our products and _________ (advise) them how to display them. The following day I ___________ (go) to Seoul, and our agent _________ (introduce) me to Mrs Ha, the chief buyer of a new department store in the capital. She _______ (ask) me to send her 500 brochures. I __________ (give) her some samples of our products. I _________ (fly) back to head office in Paris on the 9^th.

Exercise104. Complete the text. Use the past tense of the verbs from the box.

leave study offer work enjoy live

become go meet

I studied¹ computing at MIT from 1995 to 1998. During the summer vacations I ________² for an export company. After graduating, I travelled in Australia and China for a year. While travelling I _______³ the managing director of a computer company. He _________⁴ me a job in London. I started in computer sales and __________⁵ the sales manager for my department. I _________⁶ in London for three years. Then I _________⁷ my job and _________⁸ to India. I _________⁹ my job, but I prefer travelling.

Exercise105. Read the text and analyze the use of the past simple.

Yesterday I saw an accident. It took place not far from my house. The van crashed into the car. It all happened very quickly. The car came straight out of the side road and the van went into the back of it. The van driver didn't have a chance. It was the car driver's fault as he didn't look to his right and the car didn't stop in time. I called the police and they arrived very quickly.

Практические упражнения

Answer the following questions:

Yes/No questions	Did you see an accident yesterday? Did it take place far from your house?
Wh – questions	Why didn't the car stop? Where did the accident take place? Where did the car come out of?
Subject questions	What crashed into the car? Who called the police? Whose van crashed into the car?
Alternative questions	Did the van go into the back or front of the car? Did you call the police or leave the place without doing it?
Tag questions	It all happened very quickly, didn't it? The car driver didn't look to his right, did he?
Indirect questions	I wonder why the van driver didn't have a chance to stop? I'd like to know if the police arrived quickly?

Exercise106. Complete the short answers to the questions.

1. Was Philip on time?	No, he wasn't.
2. Did you and Barbara go to the staff party?	No, ___________.
3. Did the sales reps get all the information they need?	_________ did.
4. Were Sue and Tom in the same team?	_________ weren’t.
5. Does Sue work in the research team?	No, ____________.
6. Was the training course useful?	Yes, ____________.
7. Were the participants satisfied?	Yes, ____________.
8. Can you meet this deadline?	Yes, ____________.

Exercise107. Bryan Mitchell left his company. His manager wrote a report for the new company. Complete the report. Use was (+)/ wasn't (-) or did (+) / didn't (-).

To: A Kupai, Human Resources Manager

From: S Chan, IT Manager Dean Consultants Ltd

Re: Bryan Mitchell, IT technician

Практические упражнения

When did Mr Mitchell start at the company?

He started in 2000 in the IT department in Budapest.

What job did the candidate hold?

He was¹ (+) an IT technician.

Was he a good employee?

He _________² (+) ambitious and creative. He ___________³ (+) usually punctual, but he __________⁴(-) good in a team. Sometimes he ________⁵ (-) get on with his colleagues.

Did he do a good job?

He ____________⁶ (+) hard-working and reliable. He always met deadlines. But he __________⁷ (-) like his job, and he _________⁸ (-) happy.

When did he leave? Why?

In 2007. He __________⁹ (-) like Budapest and wanted to work in Berlin.

Exercise108. Complete the questions about Bryan Mitchell. Use words from the box.

Which Why Was How long Did Where

1. Where was the IT office?	In Budapest
2. ……… did Mr Mitchell work there?	3 years
3. ……….he like his job?	No, he didn't.
4. ……… he punctual?	Yes, he was.
5. …… . did he leave?	He didn't like his job.
6. ……… city did he want to work in?	Berlin

Exercise109. Complete the conversation. Put in the past simple.

Clarie: You (have) a nice weekend in Paris?

Mark: Yes, thanks. It (be) good. We (look) around and then we (see) a show. We (not try) to do too much.

Clarie: What sights you (see)?

Mark: We (have) a look round the Louvre. I (not/know) there was so much in there.

Clarie: And what show you (go) to?

Mark: Oh, a musical. I forget the name. I (not like) it.

Практические упражнения

Clarie: Oh, dear. And Sarah (enjoy) it?

Mark: No, not really. But we (enjoy) the weekend. Sarah (do) some shopping, too, but I (not want) to go shopping.

Exercise110. Complete the spaces with the past simple of one of these verbs in the following text.

launch	produce	build	retire	stay
create	be	become	leave	have

A Tradition of Biscuit Making

Pierre Cosse _________(1) the BN company in Nantes in the west of France in 1896. The company ________ (2) its first big success in 1922, when it produced the ‘Cosse Croute’. This _______ (3) the first low-priced family biscuit on the market. Until then, biscuit were always a luxury item. Eleven years later, the company ________ (4) its ‘chocolate sandwich cookie’.

During the Second World War, the company ________ (5) open, and for a time it ________ (6) biscuits for school-children and bread for French prisoners of war in Germany.

Four new products were introduced between the years 1950 and 1956. In 1962, with the growing demand, the company _______(7) a new factory to increase its production. Six years later, BN ________ (8) a subsidiary of the American food company General Mills.

The family’s involvement continued after General Mills bought BN. The last member of the Cosse family, Lionel Cosse, ________(9) the company in 1990, when he _________ (10) as Chairman.

Exercise111. Roberto Muller is interviewed about his life and career. Write the questions using the words below.

When Where What How Why

was were did

you your

leave your last company? join your present company? find your present job? first job? study? born?

Практические упражнения

1. ?

In Rio. My parents were Brazilian.

2. ?

At Harvard.

3. ?

Business Administration.

4. ?

I worked as a telephone salesman for six months.

That was in 1982, when I left university

5. ?

Four years ago.

6. ?

I answered an advertisement in the newspaper.

7. ?

Because I didn’t like my boss.

8. ?

Because the job was extremely interesting.

Exercise112.Do you really enjoy life? Answer the following questions. If you are not satisfied with it maybe it’s high time to change something in your life?

When did you last... ?	yesterday	a week ago	a month ago	a long time ago
1. see your parents 2. phone your best friend 3. visit a museum 4. go to the theatre 5. read a good book 6. learn something new 7. fall in love 8. fly in your dreams 9. buy yourself something new 10. watch a good programme on TV

Практические упражнения

11. go to a party 12. feel satisfied with your study/job 13. do some exercises 14. have a really good holiday 15. meet an interesting person 16. make an important decision 17. change your image 18. try to find the meaning of life 19. get absolutely drunk 20. go to church 21. have fun 22. feel absolutely happy

Exercise113. Put the verbs in brackets into the present or past simple.

1. His sister (to study) English every day. 2. She (to study) English two hours ago. 3. You (to come) home at six o'clock yesterday? - No, I ____ Yesterday I (to come) home from school at half past eight. I (to be) very tired. I (to have) dinner with my family. After dinner I (to be) very thirsty. I (to drink) two cups of tea. Then I (to rest). 4. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day. 5. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 6. My brother (to wash) his face every morning. 7. Yesterday he (to wash) his face at a quarter past seven. 8. I (not to have) history lessons every day. 9. We (not to rest) yesterday. 10. My brother (not to drink) coffee yesterday. 11. My mother always (to take) a bus to get to work, but yesterday she (not to take) a bus. Yesterday she (to walk) to her office. 12. You (to talk) to the members of your family every day? - Yes, I ____ But yesterday I (not to talk) to them: I (to be) very busy yesterday. 13. Your sister (to go) to school every day? - Yes, she ____ 14. Mary (to like) writing stories. 15. Last week she (to write) a funny story about her pet. 16. You (to tell) your mother the truth about the money? 17. You (to wear) your polka-dot dress to work? - Yes, I _____. I (to wear) it yesterday. 18. We (to like) to go to the beach. We (to enjoy) swimming in the ocean last weekend.

Практические упражнения

Exercise114. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or past simple.

1. Last night I (to feel) tired and (to go) to bed very early. 2. Where you (to spend) your holidays? 3. You ever (to spend) your holidays in the Crimea? 4. While travelling in the Crimea I (to meet) your friend. 5. I never (to visit) that place. 6. He (to visit) that place last year. 7. I just (to get) a letter from Tom. 8. You (to take) any photographs while travelling in the south? 9. He (to be) abroad five years ago. 10. You (to be) in the Caucasus last year? 11. They (to leave) England when he (to be) still a child. 12. He (not yet to come) back. 13. He (to go) already? 14. When you (to see) him last? 15. I (not to see) him for ages. 16. His health (to improve) greatly since I (to see) him last. 17. You (to pass) your driving test yet? - Yes, I (to pass) it in May, but I (not to buy) a car yet. 18. He already (to move). He (to find) a nice flat before Christmas and he (to be) there for two years.

Exercise115. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect, present continuous, present simple or past simple.

1. What you (to do) here at such a late hour? You (to write) your composition? - No, I (to write) it already. I (to work) at my report. - And when you (to write) your composition? - I (to finish) it two days ago. 2. I say, Tom, let's have dinner. - No, thank you, I already (to have) dinner. 3. What the weather (to be) like? It still (to rain)? - No, it (to stop) raining. 4. Please give me a pencil, I (to lose) mine. 5. I (not to meet) Peter since Monday. 6. Nina just (to finish) work. 7. Where Sergei (to be)? - He (to go) home. He (to leave) the room a minute ago. 8. What you (to read) now? - I (to read) "Jane Eyre" by Charlotte Bronte. 9. They (to read) "Ivanhoe" by Walter Scott a month ago. What about you? You (to read) "Ivanhoe"? 10. My watch (to stop). There (to be) something wrong with it. 11. You (to see) Jack today? - Yes, I (to see) him at the institute. 12. You (to hear) the new symphony by M.? - Yes, I ____ . - When you (to hear) it? - I (to hear) it last Sunday. 13. You (to change) so much. Anything (to happen)?

Практические упражнения

PAST CONTINUOUS

Exercise 116. Read the sentences and analyze the use of the past continuous.

1. It was snowing when we went out. 2. It was night. The stars were sparkling. 3. - What were you reading on holidays? - I wasn't reading anything, I was enjoying my time. 4. They were constantly leaving their teacups unwashed! 5. After an hour's sleep I was feeling much better. 6. The aliens were being kind to us. 7. While Grandma was making tea in the kitchen, her grandson ate the last piece of cake. 8. Jess was always hanging on the phone! 9. It was December. Christmas was coming. 10. Chuck was having a shower at ten o’clock in the evening. 11. The phone always rang when I was cooking supper.

Exercise117. Put the verbs in brackets into the past continuous.

1. When I arrived, Tom (lie) on the sofa and (speak) over the phone.

2. The police caught Dan when he (rob) a shop.

3. He couldn't speak because he (die) of laugh.

4. - What you (do) between one and two? I phoned you several times.

-I (play) the piano and heard nothing.

5. When I got up that morning, the sun (shine) brightly and the birds (sing).

6. When you rang me yesterday, I (have) a bath.

7. Somebody stole the money from Dad's pocket while he (sleep).

8. I (sit) by the window when I heard the noise.

9. It (rain) cats and dogs as I (walk) towards their house.

10. Just as Tom (cross) the street, a car came round the corner.

11. I glanced at Mary who (still / shiver) from the cold.

12. At six o'clock I (wait) for Jennie at the station.

13. On coming up to the house I saw a man who (try) to unlock the door by force.

14. The student (reply) to the question when the headmistress came in.

Exercise118. Put the verbs in brackets into the past continuous.

1. This morning was really beautiful. The sun (shine), the birds (sing)

and everyone in the street (smile) and (say) hello to each other.

Практические упражнения

2. Mrs Patrik looked beautiful last night. She (wear) a lovely evening dress.

3. When we arrived, she (make) some coffee.

4. While I (have) a bath the telephone rang.

5. While we (walk) in the park it began to rain.

6. The wind (blow) and the rain (beat) down. John (stand) at the bus stop shivering. He (try) to imagine being at home sitting by a warm fire. Finally he saw the lights of the bus which (approach) from the distance.

7. At 3 o'clock yesterday a geometry lesson (go) on. The teacher (draw) diagrams on the blackboard but I (look) through the window and heard nothing. I (think) about the coming New Year's party.

8. She promised not to report me to the police but ten minutes later I saw that she (talk) with a policeman and from the expression on his face I understood that she (tell) him about me.

9. The dentist's waiting room was full of people. Some (read) magazines, others just (turn) over the pages. A woman (knit), a child (play) with a toy car. Everybody (wait) for the nurse to say "Next, please".

10. I lit the fire at 6.00 and it (burn) brightly when Jane came in.

11. - The house next to yours was full of policemen and police dogs yesterday. - What they (do)? - I heard that they (look) for drugs.

12. "What you (do) between 9.00 and 10.00 yesterday?" asked the detective. "I (clean) my house", said Mrs Jones. "I always clean my house at this time".

Exercise119. Here is a page from Mr Cook's diary:

8.00	collect the car from the garage	7.30	the organ concert at the Cathedral
10.30	meet the manager	10.00	walk the dog
2.00	lunch with Peter	11.00	drive Mother home
4.30-5.30	visit the dentist

Write sentences saying what he was doing at these times:

1. At 8 o'clock he was collecting his car from the garage.

Практические упражнения

2. At 10.45 he ___________________________________

3. At 2.20 ______________________________________

4. At 5 o'clock ___________________________________

5. At 8 o'clock ___________________________________

6. At 10.05 ______________________________________

7. At 11.10 ______________________________________

Exercise120. Answer the questions using when and the verb of the subordinate clause in the past continuous tense.

Model: When did she meet Helen? (walk along the street)

She met Helen when she was walking along the street.

1. When did you catch that cold? (skate on a frosty day) ____________

2. When did he write those nice poems? (have a holiday) ___________

3. When did she learn the language? (live in England) _____________

4. When did she hear that song? (listen to a concert on the radio) _____

5. When did you buy that book? (read up for my exams) ____________

6. When did the boy hurt himself? (ride the bicycle) _______________

7. When did Philip lose his camera? (walk about the city) ___________

8. When did he ring you up? (have supper) ______________________

Exercise121. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous or past continuous.

1. I (to write) an English exercise now. 2. I (to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday. 3. My little sister (to sleep) now. 4 My little sister (to sleep) at this time yesterday. 5. My friends (not to do) their homework now. They (to play) volleyball. 6. My friends (not to do) their homework at seven o'clock yesterday. They (to play) volleyball. 7. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday. 8. She (not to read) now. 9. Now she (to go) to school. 10. What you (to do) now? - I (to drink) tea. 11. You (to drink) tea at this time yesterday? - No, I (not to drink) tea at this time yesterday I (to eat) a banana. 12. My sister is fond of reading. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday, and now she (to read) again. 13. Look! My cat (to play) with a ball. 14. When I went out into the garden, the sun (to shine) and birds (to sing) in the trees. 15. You (to eat) ice cream now? 16. You (to eat) ice cream when I rang you up yesterday? 17. What your father (to do) Практические упражнения

now? 18. What your father (to do) from eight till nine yesterday? 19. Why (to cry) now? 20. Why she (to cry) when I saw yesterday?

Exercise122.Choose the proper tense form: the past simple or the past continuous.

1. While he rode/was riding in the forest he lost/was losing his way.

2. When I arrived/was arriving the party was in full swing. Paul danced/was dancing with Mary, and Pat and Peter drank/were drinking champagne.

3. When I finished/was finishing the ironing, I cooked/was cooking dinner.

4. How fast did they travel/were they travelling when their car had/was having a puncture.

5. A police car passed/was passing us on the motorway when we did/were doing 80 miles per hour.

6. I took/was taking a photograph of him while he ate/was eating an ice-cream.

7. I'm sorry I woke/was waking you. What were you dreaming/did you dream about?

8. What did you do/were you doing when I phoned/was phoning you last night? There was no reply.

9. Two burglars broke into the house while we watched/were watching television.

10. I found my lost key when I looked for/was looking for my passport.

11. I was having/had a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang.

12. When I woke up, it snowed/was snowing. I remembered that Sam was coming/came for lunch and got up quickly.

13. It was a fine day when we left/were leaving the house that day. A light snow fell/was falling and a light wind was blowing/blew from the south-west. We were pleased that it wasn't raining/didn't rain.

14. We were driving/drove down the hill when a strange object appeared/was appearing in the sky.

Exercise123. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past continuous.

1. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games

Практические упражнения

at five o'clock yesterday. He (to play) computer games from two till three yesterday. 4. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. My brother (not to play) tennis yesterday. He (to play) tennis the day before yesterday. 6. My sister (not to play) the piano at four 'clock yesterday. She (to play) the piano the whole evening. 7. When I came into the kitchen, mother tо cook). 8. She (to cook) the whole day yesterday. . 9. We (to wash) the floor in our flat yesterday. 10. We (to wash) the floor in our flat from three till four yesterday. 11. You (to do) your homework yesterday? 12. You (to do) your homework from eight till ten yesterday? 13. Why she (to sleep) at seven 'clock yesterday? 14. He (to sit) at the table the whole evening yesterday. 15. What Nick (to do) when you came to his place? 16. What you (to do) when I rang you up? 17. I (not to sleep) at nine o'clock yesterday. 18. What he (to do) yesterday? - He (to read) a book. 19. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? - He (to read) a book. 20. She (to sleep) when you came home?

Exercise124. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past continuous.

1. When I (to come) home, my little sister (to sleep). 2. When Nick (to come) home, his brother (to play) with his toys. 3. When mother (to come) home, I (to do) my homework. 4. When father (to come) home, Pete (to sleep). 5. When mother (to come) home, the children (to play) on the carpet. 6. When I (to get) up, my mother and father (to drink) tea. 7. When I (to come) to my friend's place, he (to watch) TV. 8. When I (to see) my friends, they (to play) football. 9. When I (to open) the door, the cat (to sit) on the table. 10. When Kate (to open) the door, the children (to dance) round the firtree. 11. When Tom (to cross) the street, he (to fall). 12. When I (to go) to school, I (to meet) my friend. 13. When we (to go) to the cinema, we (to meet) grandmother. 14. When grandmother (to go) home, she (to see) many children in the yard. 15. When Henry (to walk) about in the forest, he (to find) a bear cub. 16. When we (to walk) about in the forest, we (to see) a hare. 17. When I (to wash) the floor, I (to find) my old toy under the sofa. 18. When granny (to read) a book on the sofa, she (to fall) asleep. 19. When I (to play) in the yard, I suddenly (to see) my old friend. 20. When Nick (to run) about in the yard, he (to fall).

Практические упражнения

Exercise125. Rewrite the sentences which use the wrong past tense.

1. Hiltex were immediately filing a patent for their new machine as they were worried that their competitors would copy them.

Hiltex immediately filed a patent for their new machine as they were worried that their competitors would copy them.

2. Z40, the new drug developed by Pharmatek, marked a turning point in the treatment of cancer.

3. Their competitors failed to see the gap in the market and so missed a great opportunity.

4. The agency was not believing that the machine would save so much time.

5. Zirkon already made good profits when it introduced its new digital camera in 2000.

6. The story goes that he was having the idea for the electric shoebrush while he was washing up.

7. I was planning to visit the International Inventors’ Fair but I did not have time.

Exercise126. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple, past simple, present continuous, past continuous.

1. Where you (to be) yesterday? - I (to be) at home the whole day. - How strange. I (to ring) you up at two o'clock, but nobody (to answer). - Oh, I (to be) in the garden. I (to read) your book and (not to hear) the telephone. 2. What you (to do) at five o'clock yesterday? - I (to work) in the library. - I (to be) there, too, but I (not to see) you. 3. Nina (to celebrate) her birthday yesterday. Her room looked beautiful, there (to be) many flowers in it. When I (to come) in, somebody (to play) the piano, two or three pairs (to dance). 4. Listen! Somebody (to play) the piano. 5. I (to like) music very much. 6. When I (to look) out of the window, it (to rain) heavily and people (to hurry) along the streets. 7. What you (to do) at seven o'clock yesterday? - I (to have) supper. 8. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that all my family (to sit) round the table. Father (to read) a letter from my uncle, who (to live) in Kiev. 9. Yesterday I (to work) at my English from five till seven. 10. It (to rain) the whole day yesterday. 11. Where your sister (to be) now? - She (to be) in her room. She (to do) her homework.

Практические упражнения

PAST PERFECT

Exercise127. Complete the sentences using the past perfect.

1. We told her that he (to buy a TV-set). 2. The man at the station said that the train (to leave already). 3. Mary told me that she (not to get a letter from her son yet). She said that she (not to hear from him for some weeks). 4. He understood that he (to get off at the wrong station). 5. He said that his parents (always to live in the country). 6. I didn't know that she (to change her address). 7. He didn't remember how it all (to happen). 8. We were sure that she (to tell the truth). 9. I saw that the child (to catch a cold). 10. She hoped that I (to pay for the tickets already). 11. When he woke up next morning and looked out of the window he understood that it (to rain heavily during the night). 12. When we came back, the telegram (to arrive already). 13. When I got to the station the train ... (already to leave).

14. The rain (already to stop) when we started. 15. When I finished school my elder sister (to be a teacher for two years). 16. We (to make all the arrangements already) when we learned that he wouldn't come. 17. I knew her immediately because my brother (to describe her to me very well).

18. The militiaman stopped her because she (to cross the street in the wrong place). 19. I was not hungry because I to have lunch just an hour before). 20. Nobody knew when he came in because he (to enter the house through the back door). 21. I thought he knew English well because he (to live in England for some years). 22. It happened to him because he (always to be too sure of himself). 23. As soon as they (to take a decision) they could discuss less important questions. 24. After we (to make a fire) it became warm. 25. When I (to throw out all the old newspapers and magazines), I could arrange my new books nicely on the shelf. 26. After he (to pay the money for the plane tickets) he had very little left in his pockets. 27.I met her soon after I (to learn the news). 28. When he (to finish his work) he went to bed. 29. By three o'clock yesterday he (already, arrange) everything for the trip. 30. Nobody (finish) their course-papers by the appointed time. 31. The authorities (settle) all the transport problems by the end of the last year. 32. The letter still (not arrive) by the end of the week.

Практические упражнения

Exercise128. Use the past perfect tense.

Model: Why didn't you listen to that play on the radio?

a) Because I had heard it before.

b) I didn't listen to that play on the radio, because I had heard it before.

1. Why didn't you see Fred when you came to Moscow? (leave)

2. Why didn't Kate want to go to the cinema? (see the film)

3. Why didn't you tell him my new address? (forget)

4. Why didn't Jeff hear about Kate's examination? (pass)

5. Why did Fred come home so soon from his holiday? (spend all the money)

6. Why couldn't you get into your flat at once? (lose the key)

7. What did you learn about Bob? (get married)

8. What did she read in the newspaper about the expedition? (return)

9. What did he learn about Helen from the letter he received? (be ill for a month)

Exercise129. Make sentences using the words in brackets.

Model: His hair was wet. (He/just/have/a shower) He had just had a shower.

1. There was nobody at the platform, (the train/just/leave) _______________________________________________________

2. We didn't find anybody at home, (everybody/already/go out) _______________________________________________________

3. The children were playing in the garden, (they/just/come/from school) _______________________________________________________

4. Bob wasn't at home when I arrived, (he/arrange/to meet/some friends/at the club) _______________________________________________________

5. I couldn't recognize the child after all that time. (I/not/see/her/for seven years) _______________________________________________________

Практические упражнения

Exercise130. Join the sentences according to the model.

Model: Helen finished the work. Then she went out. - Helen went out after she had finished her work.

1. Mother did all the homework. Then she sat down. 2. The bell rang. Then the pupils entered the classroom. 3. Sally spent all the money in her purse. Then she left the shop. 4. The clock struck nine. Then Jack woke up. 5. Andrew saved some money. Then he got married. 6. He lost all his money. Then he stopped playing cards. 7. I asked him three times for the money. Then he paid me. 8. He read the newspaper from beginning to end. Then he went to bed. 9. The sun set. The farmers stopped working. 10. We answered all the questions. Then we left the examination room. 11. Little Mary said "Please". Then I gave her a bar of chocolate.

Exercise131. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past perfect.

Model: We didn't have (not, to have) anything to eat because we had eaten (to eat) all the food the day before.

1. She (to say) she ______________ (to get) an excellent mark the previous day.

2. My sister ______________ (to look) through the book before she _____________ (to give) it to me.

3. The ground ______________ (to be) under water because it (not, to stop) raining for seven days.

4. She suddenly __________ (to remember) that she ___________ (not, to phone) her brother.

5. Yesterday evening I _____________ (not, to have) a headache because I __________ (to take) some medicine.

6. When we ____________ (to come) back to the camp, the Sun ___________ (to rise).

7. He ____________ (to say) that he _____________ (never, to feel) safe in his life.

8. They ___________ (to be) happy after they _____________ (to fight) off all the attacks.

9. After my cousins ____________ (to drink) all apple juice, they _____________ (to leave) my place.

Практические упражнения

Exercise132.Answer the questions.

1. What have you done today?

2. What haven't you done today?

3. What didn't you do yesterday?

4. What did you do yesterday morning?

5. What haven't you done recently?

6. What have you done recently?

7. What have you done a lot recently?

8. Have you ever eaten fruit soup?

9. Have you ever swum in the ocean?

10. Have you ever seen a talking elephant?

11. What had you done by six o'clock yesterday evening?

12. What did you do yesterday?

13. When did you go to bed yesterday?

14. What had you done before you went to bed yesterday?

15. When did you last go to the cinema?

16. Had you finished your dinner before your mother came home?

17. Did your mother go out yesterday?

18. Had your mother left home by the time you got up yesterday?

19. Did you wash up yesterday?

20. Had you washed up by the time your mother returned form work?

Exercise133. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past perfect.

1. Tom (to return) from the cinema at five o'clock. 2. Tom (to return) from the cinema by five o'clock. 3. I (to finish) my homework at seven o'clock. 4. I (to finish) my homework by seven o'clock. 5. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money. 6. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film. 7. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 8. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 9. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 10. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 11. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 12. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he (to bring) from the field. 13. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands. 14. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework. 15. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come). 16. When I (to wake) up yesterday, father already (to go) to work.

Практические упражнения

17. Nick (to think) that his father (not yet to come) home. 18. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good dinner. 19. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer. 20. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

Exercise134. Choose either the past perfect or the past simple.

1. I (wake up) early and got out of bed.

A woke up

В had woken up

2. I got out of bed an hour later I (wake up).

A woke up

В had woken up

3. We were late. The meeting (start) an hour before.

A started

В had started

4. She was the most delightful person I (ever /meet).

A ever met

В had ever met

5. That morning she (dress), (phone) somebody, and went out.

A dressed A phoned

В had dressed В had phoned

6. That morning she went out after she (phone) somebody.

A phoned

В had phoned

7. He was tired because he (work) hard in the garden all day.

A worked

B had worked

8. The sun (set), it (get) dark, and we went home.

A set, got

В had set, got

9. The Hills were in a hurry, but they (take) a taxi and managed to arrive exactly on time.

A took

В had taken

10. The Hills managed to arrive exactly on time because they (take) a taxi.

A took

Практические упражнения

В had taken

11. He said he (break) the lamp post.

A broke

В had broken

12. We asked Peter to come with us, but he refused. He (already/promise) to play football with his friends.

A already promised

В had already promised

13. I saw a nice kitten when I (open) the basket.

A opened

В had opened

14. After I (write) all my letters, I went to the kitchen to make coffee.

A wrote

В had written

15. She (hardly / finish) speaking over the phone when the telephone rang again.

A hardly finished

В had hardly finished

Exercise135. Choose either the past perfect or the present perfect.

1. Aunt Polly punished Tom Sawyer because he ______ naughty.

A has been

В had been

2. Why are you looking so unhappy?- I ______ my purse.

A have lost

В had lost

3. Sam was upset because Judy ___________

A hasn't come

В hadn't come

4. Mother asked the children if they ________ some biscuits for tea.

A has bought

В had bought

5. I _______ some photos to be developed. Are they ready?

A has left

В had left

6. Tell Tommy about these wonderful islands. He _____ about them.

A has never heard

Практические упражнения

В had never heard

7. I'm so happy to see you again. I... you since I left Berks.

A haven't seen

В hadn't seen

8. She said she... him since she left Berks.

A hasn't seen

В hadn't seen

Exercise136. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past continuous or past perfect.

1. By eight o'clock yesterday I (to do) my homework and at eight I (to play) the piano. 2. By six o'clock father (to come) home and at six he (to have) dinner. 3. By nine o'clock yesterday grandmother (to wash) the dishes and at nine she (to watch) TV. 4. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to eat) an ice cream which he (to buy) at the corner of the street. 5. When father (to come) home, we (to cook) the mushrooms which we (to gather) in the wood. 6. When I (to see) Ann, she (to sort) the flowers which she (to pick) in the field. 7. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that my little brother (to break) my pen and (to play) with its pieces. 8. When I (to open) the door of the classroom, I (to see) that the teacher already (to come) and the pupils (to write) a dictation. 9. When I (to come) home, my sister (to read) a book which she (to bring) from the library. 10. When mother (to come) home, the children (to eat) the soup which she (to cook) in the morning. 11. When I (to ring) up Mike, he still (to learn) the poem which he (to be­gin) learning at school. 12. When I (to look) out of the window, the children (to play) with a ball which Pete (to bring) from home. 13. By ten o'clock the children (to settle) comfortably on the sofa and at ten they (to watch) a film on TV.

Практические упражнения

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Exercise137. Read the sentences and analyze the tenses.

1. We were tired as we had been walking for more than an hour. It was time to rest a little. 2. The boy had been reading the task in physics for a long time but still he didn't understand it. 3. Mrs. Jackson was one of the best teachers at the school. She had been teaching for twenty years. 4. Dora was writing a letter to her boyfriend. She had been writing it since she got home from class. 5. My eyes were getting tired. I had been reading for two hours. I decided to make a break. 6. Mr. Robbins liked his job. He had been working at the company for fifteen years. 7. She put aside the sweater which she had been knitting. 8. The secretary closed the file which she had just been looking through. 9. They had been driving all night when finally they saw the lights of a big city. 10. When I entered the flat, I saw that everything was in a mess. Somebody had been searching the rooms.

Exercise138. Read the story and analyze the tenses.

Promotion

When Sally Compton got a promotion last week, nobody was surprised. She had been working overtime every day for several months. She had been studying new accounting and auditing standards in the evenings. She had been reading on accounting and auditing after work. She had been taking extra work home. Sally really deserved to get a promotion. Now she is an internal auditor of our company. She is delighted and satisfied.

Word combination you may need

deserve to get a promotion - заслуживать повышения по службе

Exercise139.Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect continuous.

1. She (study) English for two years before she got this job.

2. - What the children (do) before they went to bed?

- They (do) their homework for two hours.

3. We (wait) for three-and-a-half hours when John finally arrived. I wonder what he (do) all that time?

Практические упражнения

4. Bill (do) military service for eighteen months. Yesterday he returned home.

5. We (travel) for about four hours when I realized that something was wrong with one of the tyres.

6. We (sit) in the cafe for half an hour until the rain stopped.

7. He (work) in the garden, but he stopped when he saw us.

8. I couldn't drive to work because my sister (use) my car for a month and something was wrong with it.

9. They were very angry. They (try) to see you for two hours but you were not in.

10. I (listen) to her complaints all day before I dared to tell her what I really thought of it.

11. The girl (look for) her doll the whole morning before she found it in her bed.

12. How long you (do) this translation before you finished it?

13. Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shining brightly but the ground was wet. It (rain).

14. When the boys came into the room, their shoes were dirty. They (play) football in the yard.

15. I was very tired when I arrived home. I (work) hard all day.

16. We (play) tennis for about half an hour when it started to rain very heavily.

17. My father gave up smoking a year ago. He (smoke) for 30 years.

18. At last the bus came. I (wait) for 20 minutes.

19. My mother was sitting in the armchair watching TV-set. She was tired because she (clean) the house all eve­ning.

20. I (repair) my car for two hours before it started raining.

21. He (serve) in the army for a year when the war broke out.

22. The travellers (walk) through the forest for an hour when they discovered that they had lost their way.

23. Ann's eyes ached because she (use) the computer all day long.

24. When he phoned, I (have) a piano lesson for half an hour.

25. The children were happy. They (swim) in the pool for a long time.

26. The company went bankrupt, it (lose) money for months but they didn't manage to do anything.

Практические упражнения

Exercise140. Read a situation and then write a sentence.

Model: The two boys came into the house. One had a black eye and the other had a cut lip. They (fight). - They had been fighting.

1. Tom was watching television. He was feeling very tired, (he/study/hard all day.) 2. When I walked into the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes, (somebody/smoke/in the room.) 3. When Mary came back from the beach, she looked very red from the sun. (she/lie/in the sun too long.) 4. The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very dirty, (they/play/football.) 5. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she didn't know where she was. (she/dream.) 6. She spoke English well when she visited Canada. (she/study/English/for five years.) 7. I wrote to the firm regularly, but they still didn't answer, (for months.) 8. We were cooking for the party. By 8 o'clock we still weren't ready, (all day.) 9. The machine was still working when I got in. (my mother/do the washing.) 10. The children were doing their homework. But by 10 o'clock they still hadn't finished, (since/ they/come home/from school.) 11. I knew you (paint). - How did you know? - Your hair was covered with paint. 12. You were out of breath when you came in this morning, (you/run?)

Exercise141. Choose the proper tense form: the past simple, past continuous, past perfect continuous or past perfect.

1. I (talk) over the phone when they brought me the letter.

A talked

В had talked

С had been talking

D was talking

2. They (sit) in the room when the taxi arrived.

A sat

В had sat

С had been sitting

D were sitting

3. He quickly forgot everything he (learn) at school.

A learnt

В had learnt

С had been learning

Практические упражнения

D was learning

4. I visited Brazil in April. I (stay) at a nice hotel for a fortnight.

A stayed

В had stayed

С had been staying

D was staying

5. I (stay) at the hotel for a fortnight when I received your letter

A stayed

В had stayed

С had been staying

D was staying

6. The musician (play) the piano for a whole hour when we came in.

A played

В had played

С had been playing

D was playing

7. Alice closed the magazine and rose from the sofa on which she (lie) for more than two hours.

A lay

В had lain

С had been lying

D was lying

8. A man (be) unconscious for a few minutes when an ambulance arrived.

A was

В had been

С had being

9. We (walk) along a forest road for two hours when we saw a house.

A walked

В had walked

С had been walking

D were walking

10. I (talk) over the phone for a whole hour when the porter knocked at the door.

A talked

В had talked

С had been talking

D was talking

Практические упражнения

11. I hardly (finish) speaking with a porter when the phone rang again.

A finished

В had hardly finished

С had been finishing

D was finishing

12. First I (answer) the phone, and then I read your letter.

A answered

В had answered

С had been answering

D was answering

13. And I began writing to you instead of going to the seaside, as I (plan) before.

A planned

В had planned

С had been planning

D was planning

FUTURE SIMPLE

Exercise142. Put the verb in brackets into the future simple.

1. He (be) here soon. 2. The dress (be) ready tomorrow. 3. They (be) at the station in time for the 10.30 train. 4. I (know) the result in a day. 5. I (be) twenty years old next year. 6. They (remember) you well. 7. When he (come) back? 8. When he comes, I (apologize) to him. 9. I (not see) this beautiful city again. 10. I (recognize) his pictures anywhere.

Exercise143. Put the verb in brackets into the future simple.

2. I’m tired. I (go) to bed.

3. It's late. I think I (take) a taxi.

4. I (answer) the question?

5. We don't know their address. What (we / do)?

6. Our test (not/take) long.

7. I'm afraid they (not / wait) for us.

8. Diana (come) to the party tomorrow?

9. You (arrive) in Paris tomorrow evening.

10. The boy (remember) this day all his life.

Практические упражнения

11. Perhaps they (buy) a new house this year.

12. He (be) fourteen next year.

13. I'm not sure I (find) Jim at the hotel.

14. We (not/book) the tickets in advance.

15. Do you think it (rain)?

16. Everybody thinks they (not/get) married.

17. There (not/be) any wars in the world.

18. Dad (present) Mag a personal computer, _____ he?

19. ______ there (be) drugs for every kind of disease in 50 years' time?

Exercise144. Put the verb in brackets into the future simple.

1. I want to get a medical checkup. I (to go) to my doctor tomorrow. 2, He (to give) me a complete examination. 3. The nurse (to lead) me into one of the examination rooms. 4. I (to take) off my clothes and (to put) on a hospital gown. 5. Dr. Setton (to come) in, (to shake) my hand, and (to say) "hello". 6. I (to stand) on his scale so he can measure my height and my weight. 7. He (to take) my pulse. 8. Then he (to take) my blood pressure. 9. After he takes my blood pressure, he (to take) some blood for a blood analysis. 10. He (to examine) my eyes, ears, nose and throat. 11. He (to listen) to my heart with a stethoscope. 12. Then he (to take) a chest X-ray and (to do) a cardiogram (EKG). 13. After the checkup I (to go) home and (to wait) for Dr. Setton's call. 14. Dr. Setton (to call) me tomorrow afternoon and (to say) to me: "Stop worring! Your blood analysis is excellent." He is a very good doctor.

Exercise145. Put the verb in brackets into the future simple.

Тоmоrrow I (to go) to the University because it (to be) Sunday. My parents (not to be) at home. They (to go) to their friends, the Browns, who got a new flat last week. My father and mother (to go) to see it. I (to be) at home and (to stay) with my friends. I (to invite) my groupmates and we (to have) a good time. Sam (to bring) some discs and we (to listen) to music and (to dance). Who else (to come)? I think, I (to call) Mary and John. They (to be happy) to pay me a visit and to see Sam. I (to make) some tea but I (not to cook) dinner. In the evening we (to have dinner) at a restaurant. It (not to cost) us much because the restaurant is cheap. I think we (to order) some

Практические упражнения

light wine and (to take) something very delicious. It (to be) very exciting to spend time with my friends!

Exercise146. Read the following situations about the future technological progress. Write sentences using future simple according to the model. Think of your own examples.

Model: Cars will run batteries. We won’t need petrol or diesel fuel.

* people use translation telephones – not learn foreign languages

* have electric walkways – not walk to school/ not take the bus – no pollution

* not go to school – use home computers – listen to lessons and see them on computer screen

* people not work – robots do everything

* secretaries not write letters and faxes by hand – speak into typing machines

Exercise147. Put the questions to the following sentences. Use the words in brackets.

1. My sister will wear her new blouse. (When?) 2. Pat will go to the theater with Mary. (With whom?) 3. He will join us later. (Why?) 4. The waiter will be on the night shift. (Who?) 5. The children will be very tired after school. 6. She will cross the street. (Where?) 7. Tomorrow my parents will celebrate their wedding anniversary. (Where?) 8. His cousin will be back at 6 o'clock. (At what time?)

Exercise148. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or future simple.

1. If it (to rain) we (not to leave) home. 2. Usually I (to ski) if (to be) enough snow. 3. I (to write) him about this event if you (to tell) me his address. 4.You to read English books if you (to study) English. 5.She (to see) her brother when he (to return) from England. 6. If he (to go) to the airport by car, he (to catch) a plane. 7.It is raining. As soon as we (to go) out we (to get) wet. 8. When mother (to go) shopping, she (to buy) some bread. 9. You (to worry) if your children (to be) late tonight? 10. Before

Практические упражнения

she (to go) out, she (to switch) off the light. 11. She (to recognize) him when she (to see) him again? 12. You (to phone) me after you (to come)?

Exercise149.Put the verbs in brackets into the present, past or future simple.

1. Не (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons every morning. 2. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons yesterday morning. 3. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons tomorrow morning. 4.1 always (to go) to the Altai Mountains to visit my relatives there. 5. I (to be) very busy last summer and I (not to go) there. 6. I (not to go) there next year because it (to cost) a lot of money and I can't afford it. 7. They (to enjoy) themselves at the Symphony yesterday evening? 8. Who (to take) care of the child in the future? 9. How often you (to go) to the dentist's? 10. We (not to have) very good weather, but we still (to have) a good time during our short stay in London. 10. She (to do) all the washing in their house. 12. He even (not to know) how to use the washing machine. 13. Two years ago they (to be) rich and money (to be) never a problem. 14. You (to think) you (to be) happy in your new neighbourhood? 15. When the cabbage soup (to be) ready? 16. The customs officers at JFK airport in New York (to arrest) that young man when he (to arrive). 17. I (to like) to get on with my friends, so I often (to do) what they (to want). 18. When (to be) your birthday? 19. When you (to get) your watch? 20. Who (to create) Mickey Mouse?

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Exercise150.Put the verbs in brackets into the future continuous.

Model: At this time tomorrow I will be flying to Great Britain, (to fly)

1. At 7 o'clock tomorrow Tom ________ the football match on TV. (to watch)

2. I'm sorry, I won't come to you. I ______ a very difficult article from Russian into English. (to translate)

3. I hope you ______.when I come. (not, sleep)

4. Tomorrow we will be absolutely free. We _______ (not, work) the whole day.

5. What _______ you _______ from 10 till 12 tomorrow? (to do)

Практические упражнения

6. Don't phone her tomorrow at 6. She _______ her part from the future play. (to learn)

7. If you want to see us, come to my place at 6. We ________. for you there. (to wait)

8. I know he __________ us adventurous stories the whole lesson. (to tell)

9. No, I'll be busy at this time. I _______ food for my party. (to cook)

10. Tomorrow evening they _________ to the U SA by plane. (to travel)

Exercise151. Answer the questions in the future continuous, using the given suggestions.

Model: What will he be doing tomorrow afternoon? (drive to the seaside)

He will be driving to the seaside.

1. What will she be doing on Sunday? (make a dress)

2. What will you be doing at this time next week? (bathe in the Black Sea)

3. What will grandfather be doing when we arrive? (work in the garden)

4. What will he be doing at the University for five years? (study law)

5. What will they be doing at this time tomorrow? (fly to Kiev)

6. What will she be doing at the concert tonight? (sing Russian folk-songs)

7. What will he be doing at this time the day after tomorrow? (interview a foreign delegation).

8. What will she be doing next term? (lecture at the Institute of Foreign Languages)

Exercise152. Extend the statements in the future continuous tense, using the words in brackets.

Model: Don't call for me at six. (have a bath)

Don't call for me at six, I shall be having a bath.

1. Don't ring them up at seven in the morning, (sleep)

2. Don't send us any letters in June, (travel)

3. Don't call on us tonight, (pack)

4. Don't come to see her after lunch, (type)

5. Don't leave the child alone, (cry)

6. Don't tell Granny about it. (grumble)

7. Don't expect him to come next Saturday, (work)

8. Don't wait for Maggie tomorrow, (keep to her room)

Практические упражнения

Exercise153. Answer the questions:

1. What will you be doing on Sunday?

2. Will you be doing your homework the whole evening tomorrow?

3. Will you go to Institute tomorrow?

4. Will you be going to Institute at 8.15 tomorrow morning?

5. What will your mother be doing when you come from Institute tomorrow?

6. What will you do tomorrow?

7. What will you be doing at this time next week?

8. Where will you go next Sunday?

9. What will you be doing from 10 in the evening till seven in the morning?

10. Will you be reading a book at 12 tomorrow night?

Exercise154. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form.

1. I'm going on holiday. This time next week I (lie) on a beach or (swim) in the sea.

2. Don't phone me between 7 and 8. We (have) dinner then.

3. At 9 o'clock tomorrow he (be) in his office. He (work).

4. If you see Tim, can you ask him to phone me? - Sure. I (see) him at work, so I'll tell him then.

5. You (pass) the post office when you're out? - Probably. Why? -1 need some stamps. Could you buy me some?

6. What you (do) this time next week? - I (work). It'll be Saturday. I always work on Saturdays. - You (work) all day? -1 (work) till 5 o'clock.

7. Do you think he still (do) the same job after he (defend) his thesis?

8. If you need to contact Mr Green, he (stay) at the Lion Hotel until next Friday.

9. The children (stay) with their grandparents in the country for the next summer holidays.

10. I (see) him at the club tomorrow - he is usually there when I come.

11. Your stars say that this time tomorrow you (do) some­thing you have never done in your life.

12. On Saturday there is no class. So next Saturday the children (not sit) in the classroom listening to the teacher. They (do) some other things. Ben (play) tennis and Ann (watch) all films on TV. When

Практические упражнения

their parents come from work, the children (sleep).

13. I (revise) for my exams this weekend so I'll stay in on Sunday night.

14. Where you (stay) while you are in England? - At my friends !

15. Do you think you (do) anything interesting in five years' time?

16. She hopes she (earn) a lot of money as soon as she (receive) her degree.

17. Please note that we (hold) today's meeting in Room 20 and not in Room 19. Try not to be late.

18. You (see) either John or Jean tomorrow, by any chance. Ask them to call me tomorrow evening.

Exercise155. Put the verbs in brackets into the future continuous or future simple.

1. This time tomorrow they (sit) in the train on their way to Chicago.

A will sit

В will be sitting

2. I (be) at home if you need anything.

A will be

В will being

3. Don't phone Jim from 5 to 6 - he (have) English.

A will have

В will be having

4. Why are you in a hurry? If you arrive at 8 o'clock, they (still/cook) the meal.

A will still cook

В will still be cooking

5. He (come) at eight in the evening.

A will come

В will be coming

6. ... you (have lunch) with me on Friday?

A Will you have lunch

В Will you be having lunch

7. I'm not sure I'll recognize Eve. I haven't seen her for ages. She (wear) a dark blue pullover and jeans.

A will wear

В will be wearing

Практические упражнения

FUTURE PERFECT

Exercise156. Read the sentences and analyze the tenses.

1. We shall have left by the time you arrive. 2. They will have repaired your car by then. 3. The decorator will have painted the room by Tuesday. 4. I'll already have done the work by the time you come back. 5. I still won't have finished reading the book by four o'clock. 6. He will have left by now. 7. Will you have written the essay by tomorrow? 8. We shall have arranged everything by that time.

Exercise157. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect.

1. By the time he arrives they (leave).

2. She is ill now. By the first of April she (be in hospital for three weeks).

3. He has bought this TV-set on credit. He (pay) all the money by the 21st of August.

4. How long has she stayed with your family? By the end of the month she (stay) for a month.

5. She has lived here a long time. By May she (live) for twenty years.

6. He is still a schoolboy, but by this time next year he (leave school).

7. We (finish) this exercise by 8 o'clock.

8. We are late. The lesson (start) by now.

9. They (build) the road by the end of the year.

10. I forgot to ask a neighbour to look after the plants while we're away on holiday! When we get home they all (die).

11. By the end of my university course I (attend) 1,200 lectures.

12. When you come back I (finish) all the housework.

13. In a fortnight's time we (take) our exam.

14. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening.

15. By this time tomorrow we (have) our injections.

16. By the end of next year I (be) here for twenty-five years.

17. I'll still be here next summer but Tom (leave).

18. I (finish) this job in twenty minutes.

19. By next winter they (build) four houses in that field.

20. At the rate he is going he (spend) all his money by the time he is twenty-one.

Практические упражнения

21. The train (leave) before we reach the station.

22. If I continue with my diet I (lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month.

23. By the time that he leaves school his parents (spend) £25,000 on his education.

24. By the end of the term I (read) all twelve volumes.

25. I'm going to Hyde Park to hear the people making speeches. - You'll be too late. By the time you get there they (finish) their speeches and everybody (go) home.

Exercise158. Answer the questions in the future perfect, using the words in brackets.

Model: Will you still be busy if I call you at six? (finish)

Oh, no, we will have finished by that time.

1. Will they still be staying at the hotel tomorrow? (move to their new house)

2. Will you be discussing the plan at 2 o'clock? (make a decision)

3. Will your students be writing a test at ten in the morning? (finish)

4. Will your brother still be a student next autumn? (graduate)

5. Will you still remember me in five years? (forget)

6. Will he be at home on Saturday? (leave for Scotland)

7. Will she be expecting your call tomorrow morning? (receive my letter)

8. Will you be having a lesson when I come home? (go to the swimming-pool)

Exercise159. John is taking some New Year resolutions. He is determined to do everything he has planned. Say what he will have done by next year.

Model: I am going to buy a new car. — John will have bought a new car by next year.

I am going to:

1. lose 10 kilos 2. give up smoking 3. finish my thesis 4. find a better job 5. buy some new furniture 6. take a course in creative writing 7. redecorate my apartment 8. read twenty Italian books in the original 9. change my hair style 10. save $3000 for a holiday abroad.

Практические упражнения

Exercise160. Use the given verbs in the future perfect.

Mary is very ambitions. These are the things she believes she will have done by the time she's forty. Write down about the things you'll have done by the time you are thirty.

Model: buy a Rolls Royce I'll have bought a Rolls Royce.

1. become a multi-millionaire

2. have my own computer business

3. move to California

4. buy a mansion in Beverly Hills

5. join a highly exclusive tennis club

6. marry a handsome actor

7. earn over $2,000,000

8. give up smoking

9. have two children

10. learn Japanese

Exercise161. Answer the questions using the future perfect.

Model: Has he spent the money his father left him? (he lives so extravagantly, by next year).

- Not yet, but he lives so extravagantly that he'll have spent it all by next year.

1. Has he already returned? (by the end of the month).

2. Has she ended her lecture-tour? (by the end of the week).

3. Have they finished their preliminary training? (in two months' time).

4. Have you done your packing? (come back in an hour, by then).

5. Have you taken your exams? (by the end of December).

6. Have they built any houses in that area? (by next winter, four houses).

7. Have you filed all the copies? (by the end of the working day, all of them).

8. Have all the guests come? (by the time you get there, all of them).

9. Have the children come home from school? (they, before she leaves for work).

10. Have you finished the report? (by the end of the day).

Практические упражнения

Exercise162. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Завтра к двум часам мы уже сдадим все экзамены. 2. К тому времени, как вы вернетесь, я уже уеду. 3. Если вы позвоните в восемь часов, то они еще не приедут. 4. Они надеются, что отремонтируют квартиру к осени. 5. Мы напишем статью к утру, но мы не закончим иллюстрации. 6. Я закончу школу к лету. 7. Надеюсь, что я найду работу к концу года. 8. Мы уверены, что узнаем новости к вечеру. 9. Если вы придете до девяти часов утра, то они еще не уйдут. 10. Она уже накроет на стол до того, как придут гости.

Exercise163. Choose either the future perfect or future simple.

1. Julia (finish) all the housework by three o'clock and we'll go for a walk.

A will finish

В will have finished

2. I promise I (get) in touch with you if I need your help.

A will get

В will have got

3. We are going to buy a car. By the end of next month our family (save) money for it.

A will save

В will have saved

4. The workers say that they (build up) a district by the beginning of 2014.

A will build up

В will have built up

5. He probably never (be) patient.

A will probably never be

В will probably never have been

6. She (have lunch) by the time we arrive.

A will have

В will have had

Практические упражнения

Exercise164. Look through the notes about the building of a new hotel and leisure complex. Say what will be happening and what will have happened at each of the times below.

	April-June	clear site and lay foundations
	July-Sept	build central hotel
	Oct-Dec	put up the 20 guest cottages in grounds
	Jan-Mar	finish golf course and other sporting facilities
	Apr 5-	first guests arrive

1. In May, we will be clearing the site and laying the foundations.

2. By the end of June, we will have cleared the site and laid the foundations.

3. In August, we __________________________________________

4. By the end of September, _________________________________

5. In November,___________________________________________

6. By the end of December, __________________________________

7. In February, ____________________________________________

8. By the end of March, _____________________________________

9. By the middle of April, ___________________________________

Exercise165. Look at the information. Then put the verbs into the right tense.

1	a	The talk (start) will start at 10.00.
	b	Mr Wright (give) will be giving his seminar at 10.23.
	c	The talk (finish) will have finished by 11.15.
2	a	The plane (take off) ………………………………..at 18.00 in the evening.
	b	At 19.35, Miss Wilson (travel) ………………………. to Athens.

Практические упражнения

	c	Miss Wilson (arrive) ……………………………….. in Athens by 22.30.
3	a	The first exam (start) …………………………. At 10.00.
	b	We (have) …………………………… a break at 1.30.
	c	We (finish) …………………… by 6.00.

Exercise166. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple, future continuous or future perfect.

1. I (to do) my homework tomorrow. 2. I (to do) my homework at six o'clock tomorrow. 3. I (to do) my homework by six o'clock tomorrow. 4. Tomorrow I (to begin) doing my homework as soon as I come from school. I (to do) my homework from three till six. My father (to come) home at seven o'clock tomorrow. I (to do) all my homework by the time he comes, and we (to go) for a walk together. 5. When I come home tomorrow, my family (to have) supper. 6. When you come to my place tomorrow, I (to read) your book. I (to do) my homework by the time you come. 7. Don't come to my place tomorrow. I (to write) a composition the whole evening. 8. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. I (to watch) TV the whole evening. 9. What you (to do) tomorrow? 10. What you (to do) at eight o'clock tomorrow? 11. You (to play) volleyball tomorrow? 12. You (to do) this work by next Sunday? 13. When you (to go) to see your friend next time? 14. How many pages you (to read) by five o'clock tomorrow?

Практические упражнения

Exercise167. Choose the future simple, future perfect or future continuous.

1. He (sleep) when you come back tonight.

A will sleep

В will be sleeping

2. By the time I come they (go).

A will go

В will have gone

3. It is snowing heavily. Have you listened to the weather forecast for tomorrow?

-I hope it (stop) snowing by tomorrow morning.

A will stop

В will be stopping

С will have stopped

4. My sister (know) the result of her exam on economy in three days.

A will know

В will have known

С will be knowing

5. - Let's meet at the station at 5 o'clock.

- O.K. I (wait) for you there.

A will wait

В will be waiting

С will have waited

6. The work of the scientist (achieve) the proper acclaim.

A will achieve

В will have achieved

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Exercise168.Analyze the tenses in the following conversation.

How Long Will You Have Been Doing It?

A:	Bill, how long will you have been studying at the university before you’ve got your first degree?
B:	I’ll have been studying for three years before I’ve got a bachelor’s degree.

Практические упражнения

A:	How long will you have been learning English before you’ve passed it?
B:	I’ll have been learining English for four years before I’ve passed it.
A:	How long will you have been working as a lawyer before you retire?
B:	I hope, I’ll have been working as a lawyer for 40 years before I retire.
A:	Success attends you!

Exercise169.Read the sentences and analyze the tenses.

1. - Do you think you'll be tired in the evening? - Yes, I'll have already been working for eight hours. 2. By this time tomorrow, I'll have been travelling for twelve hours. 3. By the time you get here the people will have been waiting for an hour already. 4. By May, he'll have been riding that bike for five years. 5. By Christmas, I'll have been working for this company for twenty years.

Exercise170. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect continuous.

1. By the end of this month we (learn) this language for ten years. 2. When my daughter goes to school we (live) here for over five years. 3. When the new century begins, they (reconstruct) this church for nearly 25 years. 4. If nobody stops him, he (grumble) for hours. 5. We can get there at 7 at the earliest. They will be painting the fence. If we arrive at 8.30, they (paint) it for 3 hours at least; and if we come at 9.30, they will have probably finished the work.

Exercise171. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect continuous.

1. By next year we (live) in this city for twenty-five years.

2. By this time next week, he (work) on his book for a year.

3. Do you realize that on September 15 you (repair) our car for three months?

4. We (fly) non-stop for three hours before we get to London tomorrow.

Практические упражнения

5. Radio waves from Earth (travel) for eight years before anyone picks them up.

6. I (write) my course paper for two months before I defend it.

7. The children (play) out of doors the whole evening till their parents return home.

8. My father (dig) in the garden for three hours before he plants these bushes.

9. We (admire) the beauties of Italy for two weeks before we leave home.

10. By the time he arrives, I (pick) apples in our garden for two hours.

11. My mother (sit) in front of the TV-set for the whole evening till I come home.

12. By the end of this year I (live) in England for three years.

13. I (cook) for a few hours before the guests arrive.

14. The children (decorate) the New-Year tree for the whole evening before they go to bed.

Exercise172. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. К тому времени как встанет солнце завтра утром, мы уже два часа будем лететь над Атлантическим Океаном. 2. К первому сентября этого года я уже десять лет буду изучать английский язык. 3. Ей понадобится отдых. Она весь день будет работать. 4. К концу года мы будем жить в Москве уже двадцать лет. 5. Когда приедет полиция, Эрик уже три часа будет ехать в Техас. 6. К тому времени как дети вернутся из школы, их мама уже несколько часов будет работать в саду. 7. В июле будет год, как я живу в этом городе.

FUTURE-IN-THE –PAST

Exercise173. Put the sentences into the past.

1. I know he will come in time.

2. We are sure they will recognize us.

3. She thinks she will get up early.

4. I hope he will help us.

5. Do you think they will agree with us?

6. I am sure she will not refuse to go to the theatre.

Практические упражнения

7. Is he afraid he will bу ill?

8. Why do you suppose they will win the game?

9. Do they promise they will send us a letter?

10. He is sure she will finish her work soon.

11. Does she consider they will make a mistake?

12. Why is he sure they will help him?

13. Tom feels he will be late.

14. I can not understand why they will stay here.

15. We want to know when he will go out.

16. My doctor thinks this medicine will help me.

17. He doesn't know when her train will arrive.

18. We don't suppose she will know the news.

19. His friend is not sure he will be working at 7 o'clock.

20. I hope I will have finished working by the evening.

Exercise174. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple, future continuous, future perfect or future in-the-past simple, future in-the-past continuous, future in-the-past perfect.

1. Не says he (to phone) me in two days.

2. He said he (to phone) me in two days.

3. She says she (to arrive) at six.

4. She said she (to arrive) at six.

5. I think they (to work) from two till seven on Friday.

6. I thought they (to work) from two till seven on Friday.

7. He is sure he (to finish) translating by the evening.

8. He was sure he (to finish) translating by the evening.

9. We suppose Beth (to play) piano at six.

10. They were sure he (to arrive) by nine o'clock.

11. He understood she never (to forget) him.

12. We believe we (to pass) our exam.

13. I heard Nick (to return) by Sunday.

14. We knew he (to bring) good music.

15. I am sure he (to help) to get the party ready.

16. She supposed she (not to wait) him after work.

17. I hope you (not to jump) to conclusions.

18. We were sure our child (to sleep) at ten o'clock.

19. My brother was sure his wife (to cook) dinner by his coming.

20. She was afraid her son (not to remember) about her.

Практические упражнения

Exercise175. Put the verbs in the brackets into the future simple or future-in-the-past simple.

1. I know we (not to be) late. 2. I knew we (not to be) late. 3. I want to know whether he (to be) at home. 4. I wanted to know whether he (to be) at home. 5. "When you (to be) ready?" he asked. 6. He asked when I (to be) ready. 7. I can't say whether Bob (to do) the work perfectly, but he (to do) his best. 8. He asked me whether he (to see) Olga there. 9. Are you sure that we (to have) time to do that? 10. I was afraid he (to say), "I don't think I (to be) able to come." 11.I did not know what he (to speak) about. 12.I knew your aunt (to bake) special cookies for all her nieces and nephews.

Exercise176. Transform the sentences according to the model.

Use the following expressions: I supposed; He believed; She was sure; We were told; I heard; She said; He understood; She imagined; The letter said.

Model: My brother will be sleeping.

I supposed that my brother would be sleeping.

1. He will solve the problem in no time. 2. The new film will be on in many cinemas. 3. The teacher will have corrected our papers by the beginning of the lesson. 4. She will not like this TV programm 5. The train will arrive on time. 6. The children will be playing in the yard. 7. All the newspapers will publish this information. 8. They will win the game 9. I shall go to the south. 10. My sister will not forget to ring me up. 11. I shall have done my homework by nine o'clock. 12. The tourists will not return by sunset. 13. My friends will be waiting for me. 14. My friend will have returned by that time. 15. They will be working the whole evening. 16. He will return this book to the library immediately.

Exercise177. Translate the following sentences into Enlish.

1. Я знаю, что он скоро придет. 2. Я знал, что он скоро придет. 3. Я думаю, что она будет спать в это время. 4. Я думал, что она будет спать в это время. 5. Она думает, что сделает всю работу к пяти часам. 6. Она думала, что сделает всю работу к пяти часам. 7. Я был уверен, что к десяти часам он уже выучит стихотворение. 8. Я знал, что к девяти часам мама уже приготовит ужин, и в девять часов вся

Практические упражнения

семья будет сидеть за столом. Я боялся, что приду слишком поздно. 9. Она боялась, что ее друг не придет. 10. Они написали, что скоро приедут. 11. Я был уверен, что встречу его на станции. 12. Я думаю, что папа скоро напишет нам письмо.

REVISION

Exercise178. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English

Завод	производит автомобили (вообще).
	производит (сейчас)
	произвел (только что, на сегодняшний день)
	производит (с какого-то времени)
	произвел, производил (в прошлом)
	производил (в определенный момент в прошлом)
	произвел (уже до определенного момента в прошлом)
	производил (уже сколько-то времени)
	будет производить (в будущем)
	будет производить (в определенный момент в будущем)
	произведет (к определенному моменту в будущем)
	будет производить (уже сколько-то времени к определенному моменту в будущем)

Практические упражнения

Exercise179. Translate the sentences. Define the tense forms of the verbs and fill in the table.

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present Past Future

1. Я смотрю телевизор по вечерам. 2. Где твой брат? - Он в гостиной смотрит телевизор. 3. Вчера я не смотрела телевизор, т. к. была занята. 4. Я только что посмотрела эту программу. 5. Я смотрела телевизор, когда вошла мать. 6. Я уже посмотрела этот фильм, когда пришел отец. 7. Я посмотрю фильм к тому времени, когда придет мой друг. 8. Завтра по телевизору интересная передача. Я буду обязательно смотреть ее. 9. Завтра в полдень я буду смотреть интересный фильм по телевизору. 10. Ты смотришь телевизор уже 4 часа подряд. 11. Я понял, что смотрел телевизор слишком долго. 12. Пока ты придешь, я в течение часа буду смотреть телевизор.

Exercise180. Choose the correct tense form from the right column.

Model: 1. Я окончил школу два года назад. Answer: 1а.	left have left had left
Какую статью вы сейчас переводите?	translate have been translating are translating
Вчера в 8 часов я переводил статью.	translated will translate was translating
Сколько статей вы перевели в этом году?	have translated translated had translated

Практические упражнения

Он переводит статьи очень хорошо.	is translating translates translated
Завтра в 7 часов вечера я буду переводить статью.	shall translate shall have translated shall be translating
Я перевожу эту статью с понедельника.	translate have been translating am translating
Скоро я переведу эту статью.	shall translate shall be translating was translating
Вчера я перевел одну статью.	translated was translating
Я уже перевел половину статьи до того, как вы пришли.	had translated was translating translated
Я переводил статью уже час, когда вы пришли.	had been translating was translating had translated
Завтра будет ровно месяц, как я перевожу эту статью.	shall have been translating shall translate shall be translating

Exercise181. Translate into English.

Я пишу

каждый день. сейчас. уже 20 минут.

Практические упражнения

Я написал сочинение	уже (на этой неделе). вчера. вчера к 7 часам.
Я писала сочинение	вчера, когда вы пришли. вчера уже 3 часа, когда вы пришли
Я напишу сочинение	завтра. завтра к 7 часам.
Я буду писать сочинение	когда он придет. уже час, когда ты придешь

Exercise182. Translate the following sentences into English, using the verbs from the left in the proper tense form.

learn	Я изучаю английский язык уже несколько лет.
read, translate, answer	На уроках английского языка мы читаем и переводим тексты, отвечаем на вопросы преподавателей.
revise	Сейчас у нас урок английского языка. Мы повторяем видо-временные формы английского глагола.
write	Мы уже написали несколько контрольных работ по этой теме.
write, finish	Вчера я опоздала на занятия. Когда я вошла в аудиторию, студенты нашей группы писали контрольную работу уже двадцать минут. Многие из них уже закончили работу и сдали ее преподавателю.
write	Завтра мы будем писать зачётную контрольную работу по этой теме

Практические упражнения

Exercise183. Translate into English.

1. Каждый год весной и зимой студенты сдают экзамены. 2. На прошлой неделе мы сдали экзамен по маркетингу. 3. Весной мы будем сдавать экзамены по четырем предметам. 4. Не входите в ту комнату, там студенты сдают экзамен. 5. Завтра в 10 часов утра я буду сдавать экзамен по истории. 6. Студенты нашей группы сдали экзамены очень хорошо. 7. Перед тем как мы сдали экзамен, мы много занимались. 8. К концу месяца мы сдадим экзамены.

1. Сергей приехал? - Да. - Когда он приехал? - Вчера. 2. Позвоните позже. Мой отец отдыхает после обеда. 3. Мой друг ждет вас уже с двух часов. Почему вы не пришли вовремя? 4. Сколько времени ты переводишь эту статью и сколько ты перевел? 5. К трем часам я уже вернусь из библиотеки. 6. Не приходите ко мне в пять часов, у меня будет урок английского языка. 7. Когда я начала преподавать в институте, студенты моей группы изучали язык уже два года.

Exercise184. Answer the following questions, using the proper tense form.

Tell about studying English:

1. Why are you studying English? 2. Do you practice English after classes? 3. How do you practice? 4. Who do you practice with? 5. How long have you been learning English? 6. What mark did you have for your English at school? 7. How often do you have English classes? 8. What do you do at English lessons? 9. What did you prepare for your lesson last night? 10. Which lesson are you doing now? 11. How long have you been doing it? 12. How many lessons have you done? 13. When are you going to have a test? 14. When are you going to take your examination?

Exercise185. Put the verbs in brackets into the proper tense forms.

Dear, Boris,

I (receive) your letter about a month ago, but I couldn’t find time to answer it. I (be) very busy lately. Three days ago I (fail) in History, as I (miss) many lectures and (not to attend) seminars. In general I (not to work) hard. Right now it is 6 p.m. and I (sit) at my desk. I (sit) here for five hours doing my work. (decide) to have a few hours’ rest, so I (write) you. Please write soon.

Sincerely yours, Pete.

Практические упражнения

Exercise186. Put the verbs in brackets into the proper tense forms.

1. You (to have) your contract soon: the secretary (to type) it now. 2. How long he (to wait) for Steve yesterday? – He (to wait) for twenty minutes when Steve (to come) at last. 3. You already (to visit) your doctor? – I (to visit) him two hours ago. – What he (to tell) you? – He (to advise) to keep to a diet. 4. Are you going to read a letter you (to receive)? – No, I (not to want) to read it now. I (to read) it when I (to be) in a better mood. 5. Yesterday I (to return) home late in the evening. I (to have) supper , when my old friend, who just (to arrive) to Moscow, (to ring) me up. 6. They always (to go) to the country in summer? – Yes, as a rule. But they (to spend) their holiday at the seaside next summer if they (to get) enough money. 7. As the day (to be) sunny last Sunday, we (to decide) to go to the country. We (to get) to our place by 10 a.m. We (to enjoy) ourselves the whole day. 8. What your father (to do) at the moment? – He (to have) breakfast. As a rule he (to have) breakfast late on Sundays. 9. We (to see) them last week, but we (not to see) them since then. 10. My friend (to ask) me to explain him a new rule because he (not to understand) it.

Exercise187. Put the verbs in brackets into the proper tense forms.

1. They already (to announce) the results of our tests? – Yes, they (to do) it some minutes ago. – What mark you (to get)? 2. What (to be) wrong? I see you (to be) in a bad mood? – I (to translate) this article since morning, but I (not to finish) it yet. 3. Where they (to be)? – Last week they (to leave) for Paris. If I (to receive) any news, I (to let) you know. 4. You (to know) him well? – I (to know) him since childhood. He always (to be) a very honest man. 5. What he (to do) in the garden some minutes ago? – He (to find) a little bird. He (to think) it (to fall) out of the nest. 6. Yesterday on my way home I (to meet) my sister. She (to tell) me that she (to wait) for me for two hours. She (to lose) her key. 7. He always (to dream) to become) an actor. He (to dream) about it since childhood. 8. I (to be) very tired, when I (to come) home yesterday. When I (to begin) to warm my dinner, my friend (to phone) me. We (to speak) only for five minutes, but when I (to enter) the kitchen, I (to see) that I (to burn) it.

Приложение PRESENT

Simple (Indefinite)	Continuous (Progressive)
- констатация факта в настоящем; - действие обычное, регулярно повторяющееся в настоящем; - универсальные истины; - в придаточных времени и условия.	- длительное действие, происходящее в момент речи (в настоящий момент времени) ; - заранее запланированное действие (в этом случае может также употребляется в Future Continuous ) ; - действие в течении какого-либо длительного времени в настоящем.
Указатели времени
usually- обычно often- часто seldom- редко always-всегда sometimes- иногда never- никогда every day (week, month, year)- каждый день (неделю, месяц, год)	now-сейчас at the moment-в данный момент
Образование + Примеры
Утверждение I, we, you, they} V He, she, it} V-s(es) Usually I go to the Institute by bus. It takes me 10 minutes. Water freezes at zero.	Утверждение I am V-ing He, she, it} is V-ing We, you, they} are V-ing I am waiting for Mary at the moment. He is looking through the documents now. They are having dinner at the moment.
Отрицание I, we, you, they} do not (don’t) V He, she, it} does not (doesn’t) V They don’t go to the Institute bus. It doesn’t take much time. Salt water doesn’t freeze at zero.	Отрицание I am not V-ing He, she, it} is not V-ing We, you, they} are not V-ing I am not waiting for Mary at the moment. He is not looking through the documents now. They are not having dinner at the moment.
Вопросы Общий Do you (I, we, you, they) live in Chita? Does he (she, it) live in Chita? Альтернативный Do you (I, we, you, they) live in Chita or in Irkutsk? Does he (she, it) live in Chita or in Irkutsk ? Разделительный You (I, we, you, they) live in Chita, don’t you (I, we, you, they)? He (she, it) lives in Chita, doesn’t he (she, it)? Специальный Where do you (I, we, you , they) live? Where does he (she, it) live? Who lives in this flat?	Вопросы Общий Is he looking through the documents now? Are they having dinner at the moment? Альтернативный Is he looking through the documents or newspapers now? Are they having breakfast or dinner at the moment? Разделительный He isn’t looking through the documents now, is he? They are having dinner at the moment, aren’t they? Специальный What is he doing now? Where are they having dinner at the moment?

TENSE FORMS Приложение

Perfect	Perfect Continuous
- свершившееся действие, результат которого имеет непосредственную связь с настоящим; - завершённое действие; при этом промежуток времени, в котором оно произошло, ещё не завершился.	- действие, начавшееся до настоящего момента, длившееся в течение некоторого периода времени и продолжающееся в момент речи или закончившееся непосредственно перед моментом речи.
Указатели времени
today- сегодня this morning- сегодня утром this week (month, year)- на этой неделе (в этом месяце, году) never- никогда ever-когда-либо yet- ещё already-уже lately- недавно (за последние месяцы, дни) recently- недавно (за последние месяцы, годы) since- с тех пор как	for two hours-вот уже 2 часа, как for a month-вот уже месяц, как for the last two days (weeks, years)-в течение двух последних дней (месяцев, лет) since 5 o’clock-с пяти часов since yesterday-со вчерашнего дня
Образование + Примеры
Утверждение I, we, you, they} have V3 he, she, it} has V3 They have come back (returned) this morning. He has done this work already.	Утверждение I, we, you, they} have been V-ing he, she, it} has been V-ing They have been living in Chita since 1985. He has been lecturing History for more than 20 years.
Отрицание I, we, you, they} have not (haven’t) V3 he, she, it} has not (hasn’t) V3 They have not come back (returned) this morning. He has not done this work yet.	Отрицание I, we, you, they} have not been V-ing he, she, it} has not been V-ing They have not been living in Chita since 1985. He has not been lecturing History for more than 20 years.
Вопросы Общий Have they returned this morning? Has he done this work already? Альтернативный Have they returned this morning or not? Has he done this work already or not? Разделительный They have come back (returned) this morning, haven’t they? He hasn’t done this work already, has he? Специальный When have they returned? Who has done this work?	Вопросы Общий Have they been living in Chita since 1985? Has he has been lecturing History for more than 20 years? Альтернативный Have they been living in Chita since 1985 or1988? Has he been lecturing History or Philosophy for more than 20 years? Разделительный They have been living in Chita since 1985, haven’t they? He hasn’t been lecturing History for more than 20 years, has he? Специальный How long have they been living in Chita?

Приложение PAST

Simple (Indefinite)	Continuous (Progressive)
- фиксированные действия в прошлом, не связанные с настоящим; - регулярно повторяющиеся или последовательные действия в прошлом.	- действие, совершавшееся в определённый момент в прошлом или в течении какого-либо времени в прошлом.
Указатели времени
yesterday- вчера last week (month, year) на прошлой неделе (в прошлом месяце, году) two days ago-два дня тому назад in 19….- в 19….. в вопросах, начинающихся с when often never every day (week, month, year)- каждый день (неделю, месяц, год) NB: данные указатели дополняются обстоятельствами прошедшего времени (н-р.: в прошлом году, прошлым летом и т.д.)	at that moment-в тот момент (в прошлом) at 7 o’clock- в 7 часов then-тогда when-когда while…..-пока, в то время как from…. till…-с…. до.. all day long-весь день the whole week (month)- всю неделю, весь месяц
Образование + Примеры
Утверждение - Если глагол правильный–V+d (ed) She cleaned this room yesterday. -Если глагол неправильный, находим в таблице форму прошедшего времени (V2- Past Indefinite) He wrote this letter two days ago.	Утверждение I, he, she, it} was V-ing We, you, they} were V-ing He was watching an interesting film at that time. They were listening to the music all day long.
Отрицание did not (didn’t) V She didn’t clean this room yesterday. They didn’t come to the party.	Отрицание I, he, she, it} was not V-ing We, you, they} were not V-ing He was not watching an interesting film at that time. They were not listening to the music all day long.
Вопросы Общий Did he write a report yesterday? Альтернативный Did he write a report or a composition yesterday? Разделительный He wrote a report yesterday, didn’t he? He didn’t write a report yesterday, did he? Специальный When did he write a report? Who left school in 2004? Who returned this book to the library?	Вопросы Общий Was he watching an interesting film at that time? Альтернативный Was he watching an interesting film or a scientific programme at that time? Разделительный He was watching an interesting film at that time, wasn’t he? Специальный What was he watching at that time?

TENSE FORMS Приложение

Perfect	Perfect Continuous
- действие, которое произошло или началось раньше определённого момента в прошлом.	- действие, которое началось ранее другого действия (выражаемое обычно формой Past Simple) и при наступлении этого действия всё ещё продолжалось некоторое время или было прервано.
Указатели времени
by 7 o’clock-к 7 часам by the 15^th of June- к 15 июня by the end of the week (month, year)-к концу недели (месяца, года) before- до того как, прежде	for two hours-вот уже 2 часа, как for a month-вот уже месяц, как for the last two days (weeks, years)-в течение двух последних дней (месяцев, лет) since 5 o’clock-с пяти часов
Образование + Примеры
Утверждение had V3 By the time we came to the station the train had already gone. He had signed the documents by the end of the last week.	Утверждение had been V-ing It had already been raining for several hours when I went out. She was tired because she had been working very hard.
Отрицание had not (hadn’t) V3 He had not signed the documents by the end of the last week.	Отрицание had not (hadn’t) been V-ing She was full of energy because she had not been working very hard.
Вопросы Общий Had he signed the documents by the end of the last week? Альтернативный Had he signed the documents or reports by the end of the last week? Разделительный He had signed the documents by the end of the last week, hadn’t he? Специальный What documents had he signed by the end of the last week?	Вопросы Общий Had she been working very hard? Альтернативный Had she been working very hard or not? Разделительный She had been working very hard, hadn’t he? Специальный Who had been working very hard?

Приложение FUTURE

Simple (Indefinite)	Continuous (Progressive)
- действия, относящиеся к будущему; - повторяющиеся действия в будущем.	- продолженное (длительное) действие, которое будет совершаться в определённый момент в будущем; - заранее запланированное действие (в этом случае может также употребляться Present Continuous ).
Указатели времени
tomorrow-завтра next day (week, month, year)-на следующий день (на следующей неделе, в следующем месяце, году) at first-сначала then-потом after-после _______________________ *often never every day (week, month, year)- каждый день (неделю, месяц, год) NB: данные указатели дополняются обстоятельствами будущего времени (н-р.: в следующем году, следующим летом и т.д.	at 7 o’clock- в 7 часов while…..-пока, в то время как в придаточных предложениях времени, начинающихся с when
Образование + Примеры
Утверждение I, we} shall V He, she, it, you, they} will V В современном английском языке наметилась тенденция к употреблению вспомогательного глагола will для всех лиц и чисел. They will (’ll) come back next week.	Утверждение will be V-ing They will be discussing this problem tomorrow morning.
Отрицание will not (won’t) V They will not (won’t) come back next week.	Отрицание will not (won’t) be V-ing They will not be discussing this problem tomorrow morning.
Вопросы Общий Will they come tomorrow morning? Альтернативный Will they come tomorrow morning or not? Разделительный They will come tomorrow morning, won’t they? He won’t be late, will he? Специальный When will they come?	Вопросы Общий Will they be discussing this problem tomorrow morning? Альтернативный Will they be discussing this problem tomorrow morning or not? Разделительный They will be discussing this problem tomorrow morning, won’t they? Специальный When will they be discussing this problem?

TENSE FORMS Приложение

Perfect	Perfect Continuous
-будущее действие, которое совершится до определённого момента в будущем.	- действие, которое начнётся до определённого момента в будущем, и будет продолжаться до этого момента.
Указатели времени
by 7 o’clock-к 7 часам by the 15^th of June- к 15 июня by the end of the week (month, year)-к концу недели (месяца, года) before- до того как, прежде	for two hours-вот уже 2 часа, как for a month-вот уже месяц, как for the last two days (weeks, years)-в течение двух последних дней (месяцев, лет) since 5 o’clock-с пяти часов В вопросах, начинающихся с How long? Since when?
Образование + Примеры
Утверждение will have V3 They will have discussed this problem by the end of the week.	Утверждение will have been V-ing He will have already been learning English for 6 years when he enters the Institute. Mike will have been working on this project for 30 minutes when the film begins.
Отрицание will not (won’t) have V3 They will not (won’t) have discussed this problem by the end of the week.	Отрицание will not (won’t) have been V-ing He won’t have been learning English for 6 years when he enters the Institute. Mike will not have been working on this project for 30 minutes when the film begins.
Вопросы Общий Will they have discussed this problem by tomorrow morning? Альтернативный Will they have discussed this problem by tomorrow morning or not? Разделительный They will have discussed this problem by tomorrow morning, won’t they? Специальный By what time will they have discussed this problem?	Вопросы Общий Will Mike have been working on this project for 30 minutes when the film begins? Альтернативный Will Mike have been working on this project for 30 or 40 minutes when the film begins? Разделительный Mike will not have been working on this project for 30 minutes when the film begins, won’t he? Специальный How long will Mike have been working when the film begins?