Drozdova_gram

углу и поняла, что опоздает на поезд. 8. На углу вашей улицы висят часы, которые

приводятся в действие электричеством.

Ex. 10. (В, С) Translate into English.

1. Мне нужно снять комнату. 2. Проветри комнату. 3. Нож не режет. 4. У тебя нет

ножа? 5. Возьми нож и отрежь хлеба. 6. Мы не знали, что здесь есть озеро. 7. Озеро

глубокое. 8. Замок сломался. 9. Кому мне отдать починить замок? 10. Ты знаешь, где чинят замки? 11. Не забудь купить замок. 12. У нас сегодня апельсины на третье.

13. Апельсины в буфете. 14. Возьми себе апельсин. 15. Апельсин не кислый?

Ex. 11. (В, С) Translate into English.

1.Дверь закрыта. 2. У тебя есть телефон? 3. Телефон не работает. 4. В холле темно.

5.Ты любишь собак? 6. Не мучай (to tease) собаку. 7. Никогда не пытайся погладить (to stroke) собаку, если ты ее не знаешь. 8. Ручка не пишет. 9. У вас есть ручки в

продаже? 10. Где можно купить пальто? 11. Где тебе сшили пальто? 12. Где ключ?

13.Сколько квартир в доме? 14. Сколько стоят эти сервизы? 15. Сколько предметов

всервизе? 16. Сколько стоят сервизы сегодня?

Ex. 12. (В, С) Translate into English.

I

1. Это очень хороший совет. 2. Совет хороший. 3. Ты слышал эти новости? 4. Новости из дома плохие. 5. Он привез хорошие вести. 6. Такие сведения всегда нужны. 7. Сведения уже поступили? 8. Не стоит трогаться в путь в плохую погоду. 9. Мы не

тронемся, пока погода не переменится. 10. Дай деньги мне. Ты ведь их всегда

теряешь.

II

1. Это не дружеский совет! 2. Ты любишь такую погоду? 3. Какая была скверная погода! 4. Был чудесный день. 5. Какой неожиданный визит! 6. Это такая неожиданная новость! 7. Он нашел такую хорошую работу! 8. Какая интересная работа! 9. Группа

сделала такие успехи! 10. Какой успех имела книга!

Ex. 13. (В, С) Translate into English, paying special attention to the words in italic type.

1.Кто у двери? - Это почтальон.

2.Мы ходили вчера в театр. Пьеса была замечательная.

3.Я предпочитаю проводить каникулы в горах, у моря или в деревне.

4.Чем занимается Джон? - Он почтальон.

5.В центре города строится новый рынок.

6.Где мама? - Она на кухне.

I.Португальцы очень отл ичаются от испанцев.

8.Немцы и японцы много работают.

9.Будьте внимательнее: вы сделали ошибку.

10.Я не знал, что недалеко от нашего дома есть рынок. I I . Рынок был уже закрыт, и мы пошли в магазин.

12.В этом году я первый раз был в лагере.

190

13.Лагерь был расположен в лесу.

14.Почта - важное государственное учреждение.

15.Его уведомили об этом письмом.

16.Мой друг написал мне об этом в письме.

1.4 REVISION

Ex. 14. (А, В)

1. There is

bridge over the river. 2. Do you have

pens and

pensils?

cup of tea? 4. He met

Yesterday

3. Would you like

nice girl at

disco. 5.

I spoke to

Arctic

man who had just returned from

expedition. 6. Yesterday I

met

person who is sitting next to you

old friend whom I recognized at once. 7.

is

famous painter. 8.1 saw

beautiful hat in

shop but

hat was too

expensive for me to buy. 9. They bought

table.

table is made of oak. 10. My

son has

very good German teacher

who

knows

language perfectly. 11. What

strange

answer! 12. What

wonderful

news!

13. We usually have

piece of

advice. 15. From

breakfast at eight. 14. Let me give you

back of

house came

sound

vacuum

of

-cleaner. The mother turned off

machine

and looked

at

boy.

Ex. 15. (C) Insert articles where necessary.

1.

Not

word was spoken in

parlour.

2.

room

itself was filling up,

so was

staircase.

3.

Not

word was spoken, not

sound

was made.

4.

outside

window

sky

was already dark, secretaries had gone home, all

was quiet.

5.

I tell you, he is as brave as

man can reasonably be.

6.

You know I never cared for

drama.

7.

He looks older than he is, as

dark men often do.

8.

Roger looked at him, without

word, took out his wallet and gave him

ten

shilling note.

9.

As

man sows, so shall he reap.

10. It

was Sunday afternoon, and

sun, which had been shining now for several hours,

was beginning to warm

earth.

11.

It was

cottage

built like

mansion, having

central hall with

running round

rooms no

closets.

wooden gallery

it, and

bigger than

12. He was

short, plump man with

very white face and

very white

hands.

rumoured in London that

It was

he powdered them like

woman.

13. To him she would always be

loveliest woman in

world.

14. Even

strongest have

their hours of depression.

15. Her

aunt, in

straw hat so broad that it covered her to

very edges of her

shoulders,

was standing below with two gardeners behind her.

16 .

rich think they can buy anything.

17 .

room has three doors; one on the same side as

fireplace, near

corner, leading to

best bedroom.

191

18. He arrived half

hour before dinner time, and went up to

schoolroom at

top of

children.

house, to see

in

very

19. There is something

expression of his face that tells me so.

20. Far away in

there is

poor house. One of

windows is

little street

open and

it I can see

sitting at

through

woman

table. She is

seamstress.

21 .

man who entered was short and broad. He had black hair, and was wearing

grey flannel trousers with

red woollen shirt, open at

neck, whose

collar he carried outside

lapels of

his dark tweed jacket.

22. Then it was night and he

street, looking up at

dark

was awake, standing in

windows of

place where he lived.

front door was locked and there was no

one in

house.

tell

very moment I began to love him.

23. I believe I can

24.

Mr Boythorn lived

in

pretty house with

lawn in front,

bright flower

garden at

rear,

with

side and

kitchen-garden in

enclosed

wall.

house

was

real

old house.

25 .

pale man in

vest and

apron, with

bartender was

pale, hairy arms and

long, nervous nose.

26. During

country

house

parties one day is very like another.

men put on

same

kind of variegated tie, eat

same breakfast,

tap

same

barometer, smoke

same pipes and

kill

birds.

27 .

house secretly

same hour as before.

old man quitted

at

28. We are told that

wicked

shall be punished.

29 .

arm in

hump of

arm we walked on, sometimes stumbling over

feet in

rabbit-holes.

earth or catching our

30. Clare was

most vivid

member

of

family. She had dark fine hair and

pale expressive

face, of which

lips were slightly brightened.

eyes were

brown, with straight and eager

expression

glance,

brow low and very white. Her

was odd for

girl of twenty, being

calm

and yet adventurous.

(From "English Grammar Exercises" by V.L. Kaushanskaya a.o.)

Ex. 16. (C) Translate sentences from Russian into English.

1.Хотя земля была холодной и мокрой, небо было ясным. Вставало яркое солнце.

2.Ему подарили полдюжины рубашек, которые кто-то привез из Англии.

3.Компас был изобретен в древнем Китае.

4.Эдвард остался на неделю в коттедже.

5.Дэнни посмотрел на дом, и вдруг в окне он увидел лицо.

6.История, которую я собираюсь тебе рассказать, длинная. Садись на диван и давай

поговорим.

7.Какая красивая бабочка здесь на стене.

8.У нее был свой собственный ключ.

9.Старики не могут помочь молодым.

10.Спасибо, Стефан. Я знал, что ты дашь мне правильный совет.

11.Иногда посетители звонили не в тот звонок.

12.Я просто хотела взглянуть на дом и задать тебе несколько вопросов.

13.Роджер посмотрел на него, не говоря ни слова, и дал ему стодолларовую банкноту.

192

2. THE USE OF ARTICLES

WITH NOUNS OF MATERIAL AND ABSTRACT NOUNS

	In a general sense -			When modified by a
Nouns			particularizing attribute or			NOTES
of Material		NO ARTICLE		the situation makes it
				definite - THE
Butter, tea, iron,	•	Blood is thicker	•	Rosa tasted	1.When an indefinite
water, honey,		than water.		the wine.	part of the substance
wine, snow, etc.	•	She was wearing	•	It was good.	is meant, some/any
		a little hat of		The coffee she	are used.
		black straw.		made was better	•	1 bought some
	•	He doesn't like		than he had hoped		bread and cheese.
		coffee.		and very hot.	2. We use a/an when:
	•	She was as pale	•	She looked with
		as snow.		hungry eyes at	a) sorts of food are
				the bread and		meant
				meat the landlady	•	They give a good
				brought her.		coffee here.
					b) a portion of
						something is meant
					• He drank a brandy
						and went out.
					• I'll buy you an ice.
					c) the noun indicates
						an object made of
						a certain material
					• There is a tin
						of sardines on the
						table.
Abstract Nouns					A/an is used with
					uncountable abstract
					nouns when modified
					by a descriptive
Anger, beauty,	•	While there is	•	Last night I heard	attribute which brinas
curiosity,		life there is		"Carmen" and	out a special aspect.
freedom,		hope.		enjoyed	•	A hot anger rose
happiness, love,	•	What fine		the music.		in his chest.
modesty, pride,		weather	•	We enjoyed	•	She had a natural
respect, time,		we're having!		the stillness		grace that was very
work, strength,	•	They walked in		of the air.		attractive.
weather, etc.		silence along	•	He was in a state	•	There was a
		the path.		of the greatest		wonderful happiness
				excitement.		everywhere.

193

EXERCISES

Ex. 1. (A, B) Say, what articles you would use for the nouns in these situations.

1.У киоска "Соки-воды" вы говорите: "Я, пожалуй, возьму томатный сок."

2.Вы заинтересовались, из чего изготавливают строительные блоки. "Из цемента и камня," - ответили вам.

3."Мама, купи мне мороженое," - просит девочка.

4.При выходе из магазина вас спросили, есть ли там апельсины.

5.Сосед интересуется, из чего сделан ваш сервант. "По-моему, это красное дерево."

6.Расхваливая костюм, вы замечаете: "Непохоже, что это хлопок, можно подумать,

что это шерсть."

7. На просьбу купить мороженое вы отвечаете: "Здесь не продают мороженое."

8.Проходя мимо киоска, вы спрашиваете: "Хочешь, я тебе куплю мороженое?"

9."У тебя все лицо в яйце, иди умойся."

10.На завтрак я ем вареное яйцо и чашку кофе.

11.Вы выпьете черный кофе? Да, и без сахара.

Ex. 2. (С) Insert articles or "some" where necessary (articles with nouns of material).

A
1. "We shan't	have		fish," Robin said. 2. "			fish is very fresh," the waiter
assured us. 3.	He	bought	cold beef, and		ham,	and	French bread and

butter, and came back with his pockets pretty heavily laden. 4. There were two bottles of

wine,

plate of

oranges with

powdered sugar. 5. Dinner began in

excellent soup. And

silence. In

silence

soup was finished. It was

fish was brought. Nobody

it and

took

fish was taken away. Then the maid brought

champagne. 6. She made

coffee without

bread could

coffee. 7.

never honestly serve as supper.

8.

rest of

us had

finished eating,

but

Dave had cut

himself another slice of

cheese. 9.

You've caught cold; I saw you shivering, and you

must have

gruel

to drive

it out. 10. She did not answer, but her face was hard and

pale as

stone.

В

I. She hurried in again and found

water almost boiled away. 2.

blood is thicker

than

water. 3. Rosa tasted

wine. It was harsh but refreshing. 4. You drank

wine with breakfast, dinner, and supper, and fifty people always drank it with you. 5. She

looked with

eager, hungry eyes at

bread and

meat and

beer that

landlady brought her. 6. She had

brown shining hair which hung down on either

side of her face. 7.

coffee was better than Dinny had hoped and very hot. 8. Without

giving her

opportunity

to protest any more, he went to

telephone and ordered

bar and

ordered

coffee and several sandwiches. 9. Barber went to

coffee, then changed it to

brandy because

coffee wasn't enough after

talk like that.

10.

Her face

yellow in colour

resembled

leather.

was

and her skin

I I . The maid brought in

pears,

cold chicken,

tongue,

cheese.

12. My heart felt as heavy

garden.

as

lead. 13.

I'm going to cut

grass in

It is

done.

hard work but it has to be

194

Ex. 3. (С) Put in

"a/an", "the" or "-".

The Luncheon.

"I never eat anything for luncheon," she said. "

little fish, perhaps. I wonder if they

have

salmon. And unless they have

caviar.

I never mind

caviar."

For

menu and that was

mutton chop.

myself I chose

cheapest dish on

eat

"I think you are unwise to

meat," she said.

Then came the question of

drink.

"I never drink anything for

white wine. My doctor won't let me drink

luncheon, except

anything but

champagne. And what are you

going to drink?"

"water."

	She ate			caviar and		salmon. She talked gaily of		art, literature and
music.

Ex. 4. (В, C) Translate into English.

1. Вода в реке очень холодная. 2. Вода необходима для жизни. 3. Принеси мне воды, пожалуйста. 4. Снег был глубокий. 5. Очень трудно ходить по глубокому снегу. 6. Чай горячий. 7. Я люблю чай. 8. Положи сахар в чай. 9. Купи лимон к чаю. 10. Лимон полезен. 11. Нарежь лимон. 12. Сок вкусный. 13. Я предпочитаю апельсиновый сок.

14.Сок, которым я тебя угощу, сделала моя мама. 15. Я попросил купить хлеба и масла. 16. Дайте мне, пожалуйста, молока. 17. Молоко необходимо детям. 18. Положите масла в суп. 19. Поставьте масло на стол. 20. Я не пью молоко, я пью чай или кофе.

21.Вчера я купил очень хороший чай и кофе. 22. Кофе я пошлю матери. Она любит кофе. 23. Где масло? Оно на столе. 24. Есть нефть или газ в этом районе?

25.Официант принес мне мясо и овощи. Я съел овощи, но не стал есть мясо. 26. Обычно я пью кипяченое молоко. Но молоко, которое дает наша корова, не надо кипятить.

Ex. 5. (В, С) Dictation-translation.

1.Погода была такой теплой, что мы решили поплавать.

2.Какая замечательная сегодня погода.

3.Какие новости?

4.Ты слышал новость?

5.Я ему одолжил пять фунтов на прошлой неделе. Ты думаешь, он отдаст мне

деньги?

,6. Джеймс попросил воды и жадно (thirstily) ее выпил.

7.Я знаю, что работа, которую я выполнил, это хорошая работа, лучшая в моей

жизни.

8.Совет, который он получил от своих друзей, был - отказаться от работы.

9.Они покупают новую мебель.

10.Отец начал резать горячее мясо.

11.Она учила детей работать с бумагой и ножницами.

12 Земля была покрыта свежим снегом.

13. Кофе подали с настоящими сливками.

195

3.THE USE OF ARTICLES WITH PROPER NOUNS

3.1GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

Geographical	NO ARTICLE	The Definite Article		NOTES
Names			THE
1. Continents,	a) as a rule	When having		the word groups
countries,	Africa, Asia	a particularizing		are always used
cities/ towns,	France, London	attribute.		with the:
villages	b) when modified	•	The Philadelphia	the United States
	by a prepositional		he was born in...	the Soviet Union
	attribute	•	Gone is	the United Kingdom
	Latin America,		the Moscow of	of Great Britain
	Central Asia		the merchants and	the Netherlands
	Petrovka		aristocrats.	the Hague
	But	•	In his book W.Scott	the Crimea
			described	the Caucasus
	the village		the England of
	of Petrovka		the Middle Ages.
2. Oceans,		the Pacific
rivers, seas		the Black Sea
channels/		the Neva, the Sahara
canals		the (English) Channel
deserts		the Suez Canal
3. Lakes	Lake Baikal	the Baikal
	Lake Ontario	the Ontario
4. Mountains	• peaks:	• mountain chains:
	Elbrus		the Urals
	Everest		the Alps
5. Islands	• a single island:	• island groups:
	Madagascar		the Bermudas
	Corfu		the British Isles
	Sicily		the Bahamas
6. Regions	North America	the Middle East		BUT:
	Latin America	the Far East		western Canada
	Central Asia	the north of England		southern Spain
		the south of France
7. Four cardinal		the South,		BUT:
points of the		the North,		from East to West
compass		the West,		from North
		the East		to South

196

3.2 NAMES OF PERSONS

Names of	NO ARTICLE			The Definite Article		The Indefinite
Persons					THE	Article A/AN
1. Names ol	a) as a rule no article			a) with a name in		a) one member of
Persons	is used				the plural to indicate	a family:
	• There was a letter				the whole familv:	• 1 have often
	from Susan inviting			•	He is very different	wondered if Tim was
	me to a party.				from the rest of	really a Burton.
	b) modified by attributes				the Kents.	b) when names of
	old, young, little,			b) with the name		persons become
	dear, poor, honest				modified by	countable nouns
	• Young Jolyon was				a particularizing	indicating typical
	standing by the piano.				attribute:	features of
	• ... she is a widow			• Is he the Sheldon		a well-known name:
	of poor George...				who is a writer?	• Why, you are quite
				• She was no more		a Monte Cristo.
					the Julia of	• She felt like
					the first years of	an Alice in
					their marriage.	Wonderland.
						c) names of persons
						when meaning
						"a certain...":
						• 1 heard it from
						a (certain)
						Mr. Jagger.
2. Nouns of	a) followed by a proper			a) If other people's
relationship	name:				relations are meant:
	uncle Jolyon			• The son was as
	aunt Polly				clever as the
	b) not followed by				father.
	a proper name and			b) Mind the expressions:
	used only by			•	Lomonosovwas
	the members of				the son of
	the family:				a fisherman.
	• She went into			•	Becky was
	the hall: "Is Mother				the daughter of
	back?"				an artist.
3. Nouns	academician			Nouns denoting
denoting	professor			profession followed
ranks,	doctor			by a proper name:
titles,	count		Brown	•	The painter
profession	lord				Warhol
followed by	colonel				left many fine
a proper	Mr/Mrs				pictures.
name

197

3.3 THE USE OF ARTICLES IN THE NAMES OF PLACES, SOME BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS, ETC

Names of Places, Buildings,			The Definite Article					NO ARTICLE
Public Organizations, etc.					THE
• Historical	events		• the	French	Revolution
• Public/Political		Organizations	• the	Senate,	the Houses of		• NATO*,			Parliament,
			Parliament,		the United Nations,			Congress
			the	Government
• Public/historical		buildings,	• the	Bank of England,			• Westminster				Abbey,
Churches			the Winter Palace,			the Tower		St. Paul's Cathedral,
			of London					Buckingham Palace
• Documents			• the	Constitution		the Tory
• Parties			• the	Labour	Party,
• Names of newspapres and			• the	Times,	the Washington		• (foreign)			Pravda,
periodicals			Post					Der Spiegel
• Businesses and Chains							• General			Motors, Sony,
of Shops			• the Orient Express,			the Titanic		Shell
• Ships, Trains,		Spacecrafts					• Apollo,			Challenger
• Theatres,	Cinemas		• the	Globe,	the Bolshoy,		• Her		Majesty's
			the	Odeon, the Arbat
• Museums			• the	British	Museum,
• Parks			the Hermitage, the Tate Gallery				• Hyde		Park,		St. James's
• Schools,	colleges,.		• the	University of		London**		Park
							• Carnegy			College,
Universities								London		University
								Manchester Grammar
• Restaurants			• the					School
				Cage Royal			•	Leoni's
• Hotels			• the	Hilton			•	Brown's
• Stations and Airports							• Heathrow, Sheremetyevo
•The names of counties,							• Yourkshire,				Texas,
states, streets								Oxford,		High Street

*If an abbreviation is pronounced as a word, there is no article. (OPEC [эи'рек])

**"The" is used when the two nouns have "of" in between.

EXERCISES

Ex. 1. (В, C) Supply "the" or "-".

1.	I haven't the least idea how many rooms there are in				Ritz (hotel).
2.	What's your address? - I live in		Montague Road, number 27.

198

3.

I could never afford to stay at hotes like

Brown's or

Hilton.

4.

You can't visit

Palace.

London without seeing

Buckingham

5.

We had an early dinner at

Leoni's and then went to play at

Globe theatre.

6.

Go down

you come to

Oxford Street till

Oxford Circus, then turn right.

7.

Do you

know the song about

London Bridge?

8.

Look at the percentage of lawyers

in

Senate.

9.

Two famous works of art are recently

acquired by

Tate Gallery,

London.

10.

He spoke about the role of

Labour Party during the

election period.

11.

And eventually

Queen

Elizabeth was put to sea.

12. The Kings and

Queens

of England were crowned and buried in

Westminster Abbey.

13.

There is an interesting article in

Times.

14.

He never read

Pravda.

15.

He attended

Congress only nine times.

16.

Governmental

Whitehall, and on the right is

Downing street.

offices line

Ex. 2. (В, C) Insert articles where necessary.

1. When you are in					sky, you see only snow in - Arctic or - Greenland. You have
	glimpses of						Pacific.
				Andes or
2.	Riviera						the most popular place in summer.
		in		Caucasus is

3.Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.

4.	Elbrus is the highest peak in						Europe.
5.	Hague, a city in		Netherlands				near			North Sea, is the seat of the Dutch
	Government.
6.	The home ownership rate in					South East of					England is higher than in
	North.

7.Suez Canal was blocked.

8.	Sahara is the greatest desert in			North Africa, extending from		Atlantic
	Ocean to	Nile.

9.Philippines is an archipelago which consists of thousands of islands.

10 .	West Indies is a chain of islands between				North and				South America.
11. The surface of			Mediterranean is never so blue as that of					Adriatic.

Ex. 3. (C) Insert articles where necessary.

I

1.

"Queen Mary" was launched by

Queen Mary in 1938.

2.

There was a little sentimentality about

Forsytes.

3.

He is the nearest we have to

Leonardo da Vinci.

English

4.

He has the humour of

Chekhov.

5.

should have taken

Pullman.

To feel more comfortable you

6.

He predicted the victory of

Mrs Thatcher

in the

1979 election.

7.

I know very little about him

as you

do - he is

Mr Tarantino.

8.One of the correspondents handed McCartney the paper and asked, "Are you McCartney who wrote this?"

9. "I'll run to		Mother", he said in		loud whisper.

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