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Vocabulary

surge – a sudden large increase in a feeling, demand, profit, interest; a sudden movement of a lot of people: a surge of refugees; surge (v)

falter – to become weaker and unable to continue in an effective way; faltering – nervous and uncertain or unsteady

knack – a special skill or ability that you usually gain by practice; to have a knack of doing sth – to have a tendency to do something

capture – to catch someone in order to make them a prisoner, to get control of a place that previously belonged to an enemy; capture sb’s imagination/ attention/heart/firm/ part of the market

dump – put something somewhere in a careless, untidy way; get rid of something you do not want; sell goods to a foreign country at a much lower price; copy information stored in a computer’s memory on to a disk or magnetic tape; dump on - to criticize someone very strongly and often unfairly; dump (n)

pervasive – existing or spreading everywhere: the pervasive influence of television, all-pervasive mood of apathy; pervasiveness (n); pervade (v)

launch – to start official, public, or military activity that has been carefully planned: launch a campaign/ appeal/ inquiry/ attack; launch a product – to make a new product, available for sale for the first time; launch a boat/ spaceship; launch into – to suddenly start a description or a story, or suddenly start criticizing something; launch out – to start something new, especially something that involves risk; launch (n)

plunge - move, fall, or be thrown suddenly forwards and downwards; (price) go down by a large amount; (ship) move violently up and down, usually because of high waves; plunge in – start talking, doing sth quickly and confidently without worrying; plunge sb/sth into – make someone experience a particular type of situation, especially one that is difficult or unpleasant: be plunged into gloom/ despair; plunge into sth – begin to do something suddenly without thinking about the possible results; plunge (n)

evocative – making people remember something by producing a feeling or memory in them; evoke – to produce a strong feeling or memory in someone; evocation (n)

fleeting – lasting for only a short time : fleeting glimpse/ impression/ glance/ moment

  1. Match the following words with their explanations.

  1. pitch make water fly up in the air with a

loud noise by hitting it

  1. shift be acceptable because of the same

opinions, features

  1. reinvent leave in an annoying or difficult

situation

  1. memorable sly, cunning

  2. splash a noticeable change

  3. fit into the category produce an idea that existed in the

past

  1. leave in a bind worth remembering

  2. slick ground on which a sport is played

2. Explain the following sentences.

  1. The financial-services giants have long been among the nation’s most skillful and pervasive advertisers, but the economic slowdown has left the multitrillion-dollar industry in a bind.

  2. Of course, the new pitches are not simply about the promoting a sense of well-being

  3. …. And to snare a big chunk of it, Citibank is investing as much as $100 million in its campaign, which was launched in January and includes print, TV and outdoor display ads.

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