30 Lesson 7

ТЕМА: COMPOSITION OF FEEDS ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

1. Инфинитив в функции подлежащего, § 3.

2. Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели, § 4.

3. as ... as possible

4. as little as, as much as (перед цифрой). СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ:

Префикс un-

I. Слова и выражения для повторения:

water, fat, contenty vary with, calf, fibre, source, digestible, livestock, to require, healthy, supplementary, heifer, cow, bull, gain, proper, either ... or, both ... and.

П. Переведите следующие прилагательные и причастия с от­рицательным префиксом un-:

unfavourable (favourable - благоприятный)

undesirable (desirable - желательный)

undeveloped (develop - развивать)

III. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих интернациональных слов:

Minerals, process, skeleton, phosphorus, class, electric, automatically, individual, progressive, transpiration, experiment, hectare, function, organ, control, naturalist.

IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив в функции подлежащего и обстоятельства цели.

a) 1. То feed the animals properly is necessary.

2. To produce much milk is their main rask.

3. It is necessary to keep the animals in warm and dry buildings.

b) 1. (In order) to feed the animals properly the farmer should grow grasses and grains.

2. Cows should be given nutritious feeds (in order) to produce milk.

3. (In order) to grow well the animals should be kept properly.

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COMPOSITION OF FEEDS

Feeds are composed of many substances. The more common of them are water, protein, carbohydrates, fata, minerals and vitamins.

Water

Feeds vary greatly in moisture or water content. The amount of water in oats and barley, for instance, is usually as little as 8 to 10% (per cent), while silage, roots and green feeds contain as much as 70 to 90 per cent water. Dairy cows should drink as much water as possible for the production of milk as milk is 87% water.

Proteins

Proteins are complex substances used to build up tissue, promote growth, maintain and stimulate milk and fat production, develop the unborn calf and supply protein in milk. A cow producing 25 pounds of milk daily must receive 2.5 to 3 pounds of protein in her ration. The lack of protein will reduce the amount of milk produced by a cow. The necessary amount of protein may be provided by feeding both roughage and concentrated feeds, such as linseed meal, cottonseed meal, soybeans, alfalfa and clover hay, green crops and others.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are starches, sugars and fibre. They supply most of the energy required by the animals in order to do work, to keep themselves warm and to produce milk. Concentrated feeds such as oats, barley, corn, wheat, rye are high in carbohydrates. That is why to provide the animals with concentrates is very important.

Fats

Fats in the diet are also used as a source of energy. But excessive fat in the ration is undesirable because it may lead to digestive troubles. Fats supply more heat and energy than carbohydrates. Oil bearing seeds are the main sources of fat.

Minerals

Minerals are essential for the growth of the skeleton and all body processes. About 80 per cent of the mineral matter, chiefly calcium and phosphorus is found in the skeleton. It is therefore very important

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to supply the young animals whose skeleton is growing rapidly with enough minerals.