inglish

Unit 1

3.прибор, определяющий глубину - глубина, определенная при помощи прибора -при определении глубины - определив глубину

4.специалист, анализирующий свойства нефти - свойства нефти, проанализированные в лаборатории - анализируя свойства нефти - проанализировав свойства нефти

5.студенты, сдающие экзамены - экзамен, сданный студентами - сдавая экзамен -сдав экзамен

6.ученый, делающий доклад - доклад, сделанный ученым - делая доклад - сделав доклад

7.инженеры, строящие дороги - дороги, построенные в регионе - при строительстве дорог - построив дороги

Ex. 9 Translate the sentences. Mind the Participle.

1.The falling water has kinetic energy.

2.The existing conditions were discussed by the engineers.

3.The operating mechanism was invented by a young scientist.

4.The water heated up to 80°C was necessary for the experiment.

5.OPEC was founded in 1960 by several Middle East countries producing and exporting oil.

6.In the early 1990s OPEC members produced more than half the oil exported in the world.

7.Tankers transporting oil cross many seas and oceans.

8.Oilmen use different methods increasing oil production.

9.Oil production increased in Russia in the 1980s reduced considerably in the 1990s.

10.The analyzed minerals were packed into boxes.

11.When analyzed the minerals were packed into boxes.

12.While carrying out the experiment the scientist tried to prove his theory.

13.The experiment carried out by the young scientist proved the theory of his teacher.

14.The forces affecting atoms within a molecule are very great.

15.Sea water containing about 3.5 per cent of salt cannot be used directly for most needs.

16.Sea water containing about 3.5 per cent of salt, people cannot use it directly for most needs.

17.The workers applying a new method of constructing have achieved good results.

18.The workers having applied a new method of constructing, good results were achieved.

19.The electrons move at various speeds, their speed depending on the temperature and the properties of a material.

20.Electrons moving through a wire, electrical energy is generated.

21.The machine used was not powerful.

22.The machine used required repairing.

23.Though used the machine was not powerful.

24.When solved the problem did not seem so complex.

25.All the problems solved, the scientists started the experiment.

26.If provided with necessary equipment, the expedition could achieve better results.

27.If properly applied the mechanism will work much longer.

28.The catalysts used accelerated the rate of reactions.

29.The oil field discovered produced oil of good quality.

30.While finishing the work the engineers noticed a mistake.

31.Having obtained new data the engineers could improve the design of their mechanism.

32.Having split the atom the man obtained a powerful source of energy.

Ex.10 Answer the following questions.

1.What sources of energy do you know ?

2.Why is the petroleum industry paid much attention to ?

3.Why do people look for new oil and gas deposits ?

Ex. 11 Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use the introductory phrases:

As far as I know Iguess It's true I believe so

I don't really agree I'm	Yes, but
afraid it's not correct I	On the one hand
wouldn't say that	On the other hand

1.The economy of any nation depends on energy.

2.The main oil producing countries are China and Japan.

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3.Oil and gas are the only sources of energy.

4.The 21st century is the age of alternative sources of energy.

Ex. 12 Read the text and do the tasks which follow it.

Using the Earth's Resources

1.The term «energy shortage», when used to say that the world is running out of energy resources, is not correct. The world is not short of energy resources. Man's need is to convert sufficient amounts of the earth's energy into usable products as population and demand grow.

2.There is a continuous flow of energy into and out of the Earth's surface environment. The largest source of the energy flow is solar radiation. It is an unlimited source of energy. Most solar energy is unused. Only a small part of it is caught by plant leaves and stored as chemical energy. It becomes the source of food energy for humans and animals.

3.Solar energy is the original source of fossil fuels (горючие ископаемые), too. Through the ages the remains of plants and animals have been stored in the earth and have become our source of coal, oil and natural gas. But these resources may last two - three centuries. These fossil fuels are limited and non-renewable in the next million years.

4.Man must not only convert these fossil fuels into usable energy. But he must also create and adapt energy from other sources. These sources known as renewable are: wind, water, the Sun, geothermal processes and nuclear fission. For example, man can convert solar energy

directly to electricity. Synthetic oil and gas can be produced from coal. These are the aims of today's technologies. Man's activity in this sphere offers hope for the future.

a)State which of the given sentences is the key sentence of the paragraphs.

Г1. The world is not short of energy.

1.[ 2 . Man's need is to convert sufficient amounts of energy into usable products.

J 1. The largest source of the energy flow is solar energy.

2.\ 2. Most solar energy is unused.

1.Through the ages the remains of plants and animals have been stored in the earth.

3.2. The fossil fuels are limited and non-renewable.

1.Man must create and adapt energy from other sources.

4.2. The renewable sources are: wind, water, the Sun, geothermal processes, nuclear fission.

b)Name renewable and non-renewable sources of energy.

Ex. 13 Choose the heading to each text.

Energy	Energy		Energy	Energy
is life.	is potential.		is movement.	isgeothermal.

1.This kind of energy can be stored for use, like water behind a dam (плотина). Then it can be transformed into kinetic energy - which is the energy of motion.

2.Nature provides someheat energy directlyfrom the earth's interior. Only small amounts are being used today, but drilling (making) more holes may increase this form of energy.

3.The human body is an efficient thermodynamic machine that converts fuel into useful work by oxidation. It is the flow of energy from cell (клетка) to cell that differinciates the living from the dead.

■

4.Heat is the movement of molecules. Electricity is the flow of electrons. Radiation is the movement

of subatomic particles. Mechanical energy (or work) is the movement of masses.

Words to the text "OIL INDUSTRY"

1. major а

главный, больший

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a major road; the major part

крупная (ведущая) компания, лидер отрасли oil major

источник

Oil reserves are an important source of the growth of national economy.

уголь

Coal is a black or brown rnineral which can be burnt to give heat,

торф

Peat is used by gardeners to make plants grow, поверхность the earth's surface

The submarine slowly rose to the surface,

залежь, отложение, месторождение mineral deposits

There are rich deposits of gold in East Siberia,

просачивание

Seepages are the result of slow oil movement through cracks in the surface 1) встречаться, попадаться, 2)

случаться, 3) залегать (геол.)

1)Misprints occur on every page.

2)The accident occurred last night.

3)Oil occurs deep under the surface.

1)случай, 2) местонахождение, 3) залегание (геол.)

1)The unfortunate occurrence has changed her life.

2)The occurrence of oil in this region should be proved,

факел

The Olympic torch was delivered to Athens after travelling through all the continents, сырая нефть

Crude oil as it comes from the ground is not a usable product,

скважина

A well is a deep hole in the ground from which oil is produced,

бурить

to drill a hole in the wall; to drill for oil

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13.depth n

14.foot n (pi. feet)

15.shallower

16.throughout

17make up v

18income и

19. power n

power v

20.fuel и

fuel v

21.commercial a

22.spread (spread) v 23

demand n

24. forecast v

глубина

The depth of the river here is about 3 meters,

зд. фут

A foot is a measure of length which is equal to 30.5 cm.

мелкий

to become shallow; shallow water; a shallow person

1)adv повсюду; на всем протяжении

2)prep через; по всему; в продолжение

1) The house was beautifully decorated throughout. We didn't enjoy the holiday because it rained throughout the day.

2) We were looking for the book throughout the house,

составлять

Atoms make up molecules,

доход

The money earned by the members of the family make up the family income.

сила, мощность, энергия

nuclear power; of high power; power station

At present time people can use solar or wind power,

приводить в движение, питать энергией

The boat is powered by an outboard motor,

топливо, горючее

Fuel is a material for producing heat or energy, e.g. wood, coal, oil, uranium. заправлять(ся)

топливом, питать

Her interest in the Spanish language was fueled by a visit to Spain. Airplanes sometimes fuel while in the air. 1)

коммерческий, 2) промышленный

1)commercial bank

2)commercial production of oil

распространять (ся)

The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby. 1)требование, 2) спрос

1)It's impossible to satisfy all the demands.

2)demand for goods

прогнозировать, предсказывать

The government doesn't forecast the rise of inflation.

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	forecast я	грогноз, предсказание
		The weather forecast said it would be fine tomorrow.
25.	hydrocarbon л	углеводород
		Hydrocarbon is a substance consisting of two elements: hydrogen
		and carbon.
26.	consume v	потреблять, расходовать
		The country imports 50% of the oil it consumes,
	consumption n	потребление, расход
		a car with low fuel consumption
27.	spanv	схватывать
		1) Tolstoy's life spanned almost the whole of the 19th century.
		2) Can you span an octave on the piano?
28.	currently adv	в настоящее время
	syn. at present,
	presently	He is currently working in Siberia.
29.	seek (sought) v	искать
		He is going to Canada to seek his fortune.
30.	be engaged in smth заниматься чем-либо
		The scientist is engaged in experimental work.
31.	solve v	решать (проблему)
		Mendeleyev solved the problem of oil separation.
32.	dry а	сухой
	dry weather; dry heat;
	Don't put your shirt on until it is dry.
	dry (up) v	сушить, зд. истощаться, заканчиваться
		The river dries up during the hot summer. We
		hope water resources will never dry up.
33.	refine v	перерабатывать, очищать (нефть)
		Oil must be refined before it can be used,
	refining n	переработка
		The most important processes in refining are distillation and
	cracking,
	refinery n	нефтеперерабатывающий завод (НПЗ)- see Fig. 1
34.	ever-increasing	постоянно возрастающий
		the ever-increasing problem of clean water
35.	especially adv	особенно
		She loves animals, especially dogs.

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	straight run	desasphalting
	gasoline treatment
		finished
	fire station	product
		storage
	workshop/store
	settling pond I	liquefied
		petroleum
		gas storage
		hydrofmer

					dispatch area
				\	I \ steam
cooling tower				cracker
power plant jfluid	\	polymerization	\	catalytic reformer
		and alkylation units
coking plant			\
		Refinery
	administration office		liquified gas
			petroleum treatment		J0C

		Fig.1
36.	raise v	поднимать
		If you want to ask a question raise your hand.
37.	living standard n	жизненный уровень
		The living standard in the developed countries is higher than in the
		developing ones.
38.	result in v	приводить к чему-либо
		The economic growth of the country resulted in higher living standard.
39.	result from v	происходить в результате
		The progress in his study resulted from his hard work.
40.	include v	включать, содержать в себе	,
		The space crew included one woman.	\
41.	shortage n	нехватка, перебои в снабжении
		Illness can be caused by vitamin shortage.

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42.environment и 1) окружающая среда, 2) окружение

1)We need stronger laws to protect the environment.

2)to grow up in a happy environment

3)The Gubkin University aims to provide the finest environment for teaching, learning, research and innovation.

43. pollute v	загрязнять
	Some rivers are polluted with toxic materials from factories,
pollution n	загрязнение
	Environmental pollution negatively influences man's health,
pollutant а	загрязняющее вещество
	Carbon dioxide is a bad pollutant of the atmosphere.

Ex.14 Read the text and find: a) international words,

b) Participles and state their forms and functions.

OIL INDUSTRY

"Petroleum has been a fundamental driver in the industrial, commercial and political evolution of our society." (Petroleum in the 21й Century. Oil & Gas Journal)

Energy is referred to as the basis of industrial civilization. Ancient people used wood as the major source of energy. Certain other energy sources, found only in localized areas, were also used in ancient times: asphalt, coal, and peat from surface deposits and oil in seepages from underground deposits. When occurred, these seepages were used for limited purposes - such as filling torches and heating homes. But the real exploitation of crude oil did not begin until the 19th century.

The international oil industry can name its birthday almost to the hour.

The date was Saturday August 27th, 1859. On that day, at 12 noon, work stopped on a well being drilled by E.L. Drake at Titusville, a small Pennsylvanian town. The depth of the bore-hole at that moment was 69.5 ft. While inspected on the Monday morning, the well had 3 parts full of oil. This was the first well in the world that had been specifically and successfully drilled for oil production. In its shallow depth the international oil industry was born, and the way was opened for new concepts of living standards throughout the whole world.

It should be said, the economy of many nations is influenced by petroleum industry. In developed countries it provides jobs for a great many people. In certain developing but oil-rich countries, petroleum export makes up most of the national income. Petroleum is also a source of political power for such countries because many other nations depend on them for fuel.

Commercial oil production spread rapidly throughout the world as the worldwide demand for petroleum grew. Thus, the oil industry itself is more international than any other. Its operations span the globe. Oil is currently produced in nearly 50 countries in every continent and is being sought not only in those countries but also in others.

The main oil producers are the countries of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) as well as Russia, Norway, Mexico, Canada, and the USA.

People engaged in oil industry have to study and to solve a lot of problems connected with petroleum. Generally speaking, these are: how petroleum was formed millions of years ago under the land and the sea; how we learn where to look for it; how it is brought to the surface; if oil resources will ever dry up; how oil is transported all over the world to places where it is needed; how it is stored and refined to be usable.

The ever-increasing use of petroleum products, especially in developed countries, has helped raise the living standards of many people. But it has also resulted in some serious problems, which include the energy shortage and environmental pollution.

Ex.15 Form nouns using the suffix - age. Translate the new words.

seep (просачиваться)	— seepage (просачивание)
store (хранить)	—
short (недостаточный)	—
acre (акр)	—
cover (покрывать)	—
link (соединять)	—
per cent (процент)	—

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mile (миля)	—
leak (просачиваться)	—

Ex. 16 State the part of speech of the words of the same root and translate them.

1.deposit - to deposit - deposition;

2.power - powerful - powerless;

3.to pollute-pollution-pollutant;

4.to solve - solution - solvent - soluble - solubility,

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5.to use-use-useful-useless-usefulness;

6.to increase-increase-increasingly;

7.to refine-refiner-refinery-refined;

8.to depend - dependence - dependent - dependency - independent;

9.to produce - producer - production - product - productive - productivityproducible;

10.to refer - reference - referable;

11.to occur - occurrence.

Ex. 17 Find synonyms to the following words and word combinations in the text

1.	main	8.	compose
2.	accumulatio	9.	to affect
n		10.	at present
3.	subsurface	11.	look for
4.	happen	12.	to be involved in
5.	aim	13.	lack
6.	well(n)	14.	increase
7.	idea	15.	to keep

Ex. 18 Find antonyms to the following words in the text.

1.	subsurface	7.	exclude
2.	deep	8.	to cool
3.	developing countries	9.	modem
4.	import	10. useless
5.	decrease	11. loss
6.	result fiom	12. uncertain

i

13.minor

14.failure

15.hide

Ex. 19 a)	Find English equivalents in the text	b) Give Russian equivalents to
			the following:
1.	энергия является основой
2.	некоторые другие источники энергии	1.	surface deposits
3.	просачивание нефти на поверхность	2.	oil production
4.	с точностью почти до часа
5.	глубина ствола скважины	3.	living standard
6.	целенаправленно пробурена	4.	to provide job
7.	представление об уровне жизни	5.	national income
8.	экономика многих стран	6.	oil-rich countries
9.	промышленная добыча нефти	7.	to span the globe
10.	спрос на нефть во всем мире	8.	currently
11.	производители нефти	9.	people engaged in industry
12.	в общем говоря	10.	oil is brought to me surface
13.	чтобы быть пригодной к	11.	oil resources will dry up
		12.	especially
		13.	energy shortage
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использованию
14. приводить к серьезным проблемам	14. fuel consumption
15. загрязнение окружающей среды	15. to forecast reserves
Remember, when measuring something the following words are used:
deep — глубокий	high — высокий
depth — глубина	height — высота
long—длинный	thick—толстый
length—длина	thickness—толщина
wide — широкий	to weigh — весить
width — ширина	weight — вес

Ex. 20 Fill in the blanks according to the model.

e. g. The depth of the well is 150 m (500 feet) or The well is 150 m (500 feet) deep

1.a) The first modem well was only 21 m _______________________ .

b)The__________ of the first modern well was only 21 m.

2.a) Each drill pipe is about 9 m _____________ .

b)The ___________ of each drill pipe is more than 9 m.

3.a) The gas column is approximately 80 m in __________________ .

b)The gas column is approximately 80 m _____________________ .

4.a) The Yamburg gas and gas condensate field on the Tazov Peninsula occupies the area of 170 km . . . and 45 km . . . .

b)The . . . and . . . of the Yamburg gas and gas condensate field are 170 and 45 km respectively.

5.a) Electric welding (сварка) is used for welding heavy metal parts which . . . more than 300 tonnes.

b)The . . . of rotor shafts (вал) for electric generators is 350 tonnes.

6.a) The . . . of the formation reaches 30 m.

b)The formation is 30 m . . . .

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