inglish

UNIT 5

Text:	The Gubkin University
Grammar:	Revision

Ex. 1 Read the foUowing intemational words and word combinations and give their Russian equivalents:

productivity	[ 'prodAk'ti viti]	diploma	[dip'louma
			]
career	[ka'na]	design	[di 'zam]
institution	[ . msti 'tj uij an]	focus	[ 'foukas]
academician	[a.kaeda'mij an]	course	[ka:s]
status	[ 'steitas]	vacuum	['vaekjuam]
aspect	[ 'asspekt]	creative	[krit 'eiti v]
engineering faculty		[.endji'niann 'faskalti]
to optimize manufacturing		[ta 'opti mai z .maEnju'fasktJanrj]
complex processes		[ ' kompleks' prousasiz]
to combine competence and initiative		[ta kam'bam 'kompitans and Tnij iativ]
national economy		[ 'nasj anl i:'konami]
qualified candidate		[ 'kwolifaid 'kaendidit]

Ex. 2 Perform structural analysis of the sentences and translate them.

1.The review presented provided evidence that oil demand expectations were generally underestimated.

2.Reservoir fluid properties experimentally measured in a laboratory or estimated using empirical correlations are the basis of many petroleum engineering calculations.

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3.Additional cost results when drilling fluids which may contain lost circulation are lost to fractured, low-pressure, or high-permeability reservoirs.

4.When temperatures warm next spring testing will focus on deposition of paraffin in crude oil operations.

5.The partners nearly doubled oil production, which totaled 4.200 b/d last year.

6.The most commonly understood everyday uses for petroleum are in energy conversion - powering transportation, the generation of electricity and the direct heating of spaces.

7.It is likely these pumps will function much like the ones used under subnormal pressure conditions.

8.Massive amounts of data points thus collected are then visualized and analyzed.

9.A study of the effects of water saturation thickness changes on hydrocarbon concentration at the surface requires an appropriate measuring technique.

10.If liquids from small leaks do not surface, they can seep into the surrounding soil undetected.

11.Oil and gas companies recognize good safety and environmental management make economic sense and are essential to guaranteeing long term presence in the industry.

Ex. 3 Analyse different forms and functions of the verb "to produce". Translate the sentences.

1.To produce hydrocarbons sophisticated technology is used.

2.To produce energy for mankind is the task of oil and gas industry.

3.Producing gas in the north requires new technologies and equipment.

4.The major traffic in crude oil transportation is from the producing areas to the industrialized ones.

5.The crude oil produced from a well is of no use until it is changed into petrol, fuel oil, lubricating oil and many other products.

6.In the early days of petrochemical industry crude oil was usually refined near to where it was produced.

7.Pipes to be produced from cold-resistant grades of steel will not be affected by temperatures of50°-60° below zero.

8.The equipment currently being produced by machine builders no longer satisfies Siberian oil men either in quality or in engineering standards.

9.The newspapers reported a new plastic material capable of withstanding 2000°C to have been produced by Russian researchers.

10.The most viscous oil in the world seems to be produced in Ukhta oilfield.

11.Having produced oil from the first oil well in the world E.L. Drake is considered to be the pioneer of oil industry.

12.Natural gas being produced commercially on Sakhalin, export pipelines to transport LNG to either China or Japan will be built.

13.Oil from the wells in which reservoir pressure has decreased is likely to be produced by one of the secondary recovery methods.

14.Russia's producing modem welding equipment for pipeline construction is known all over the worid

15.When produced, gas is freed of liquids and unwanted components such as hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide.

16.The development of the gas field situated about 450 km north of Irkutsk is a long-term project and gas is not expected to be produced before 2020.

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17.A barrel of oil saved is essentially equivalent to a barrel of oil produced.

18.New methods of producing corrosion-resistant materials are being developed in the research institute.

19.The well drilled to the depth of525 ft was the first to produce oil in this region.

20.In addition to producing gas this region produced gold as well.

21.If oil were produced where it is needed, it wouldn't be so expensive.

22.The amount of oil produced depended on the recovery method used.

23.Natural reservoir pressure was high enough to produce oil without using secondary methods.

24.In early 1960s the newspapers reported about the first oil having been produced in Samotlor oilfields.

25.The oil field has always been of economic significance, with oil being produced at low cost.

Ex. 4 Read the text and comment on the statements below it. Use the following phrases:

I guess, to my mind, frankly speaking, I'm (not) sure, it's worth mentioning, it goes without saying, no doubt, on the contrary.

You may also use the introductory phrases from the previous units. (Unit 1 ex.11, Unit 2 ex. 13)

Why Engineering?

Engineers spend much of their time solving problems. If you like solving problems, engineering could be for you! Generally speaking "real world" engineering problems are quite different from the problems you solved in school. Those problems usually had a single correct answer. When you get into the engineering world, there will be no single answer, no answer in the back of the book, no teacher to tell you that you are right or wrong. You will be required to make your own solution and to make other people think that your solution is the best one. Studies show that the number-one cause of unhappiness among people is job dissatisfaction (неудовлетворенность). Thus, it is important to find a career that provides you with enjoyment and satisfaction. After all, you might spend about 40 years working 8 hours or more a day, five days a week, fifty weeks a year. Do you want to dislike every minute of that time or would you do something that you enjoy?

There is a strong relation between limited education and low income. Statistics show that most jobs in the modern industrial world require technical training. The best pay goes with jobs that demand linking and decisions based on knowledge. These are a few reasons of choosing engineering as your career. Could you add your own reasons?

1.Engineers spend much of their time solving problems.

2.Engmeering problems have no single answer.

3.An engineer can't always find an answer to any engineering problem in books.

4.It's important whether you are satisfied with your job or not.

5.There is a strong relation between limited education and low income.

6.The best pay goes with jobs that demand thinking and decisions.

Words to the text "UNIVERSITY"

1.	corner n	6.	train v
			training «
2.	exciting a	7.	noted a

3.expand v

8. staff n

4. employ v
employee n	9. recognize v
employer n
employment и

5.offer и offer v

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угол

in the corner of the room

T

h e

l i b r a r y

i s

o n

(

a t

)

t h e

c o m e r

o f

t h e

s t r e e t

,

в

о

л

84

нующий, захватывающий

That's very exciting news.

Prague is one of the most exciting cities in Europe.

расширять(ся), увеличивать(ся) в объеме

Metals expand when heated.

We hope to expand our business,

см. Unit 3 служащий

The company provides jobs for 300 employees,

работодатель

The car factory is a large employer in this town.

1)использование, 2) служба, занятие, работа

1)The employment of new techniques will increase the labour productivity.

2) She is in (out of) employment,

предложение

Thank you for your kind offer of help,

предлагать

The library offers good facilities for research in many areas. I've been offered a job.

обучать, готовить

The Urnversity trains specialists for oil and gas industry,

подготовка, обучение знаменитый a noted scientist

The Russian Museum in St. Petersburg is noted for its collection of Russian paintings, штат

She is on the staff of the new University. The laboratory staff were highly qualified specialists, узнавать,

признавать

I recognized him but I couldn't remember bis name. I

recognized that some of my ideas are unrealistic. be recognized for

10.respectively adv

11.enhance v

12. postgraduate courses n

13.relate v

14.optional a ant. compulsory

15.elective a

16.humanities n

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17. skill л

быть знаменитым чем-либо

18.insight/i

19.brain n

Mendeleyev is recognized all over the world for the discovery of the Periodic Law of elements.

соответственно, в указанном порядке

Samotlor and Urengoi fields, the greatest oil fields in West Siberia, were discovered in 1965 and 1966, respectively,

увеличивать, усиливать, повышать

Catalysts enhance the rate of reactions.

New materials enhance the capabilities of the iristruments.

аспирантура

Students entering postgraduate courses are offered exciting opportunities to connect theory with real world subjects and are highly valued by employers worldwide. относить(ся), иметь отношение

The question is very interesting but it doesn't relate to the subject we are discussing.

факультативный

An optional subject is that you can choose or not choose.

курс, обязательный по выбору

During the course of studies students take compulsory subjects, then they choose optional disciplines and are also offered a number of elective subjects.

гуманитарные науки

The humanities which are concerned with ancient and modem languages, culture, literature, history and philosophy help develop the world outiook.

умение, мастерство

The programme of the course is to develop necessary skills in management

понимание

The book gives a good insight into the lives of the poor, ум, мозг She has a quick brain and learns fast.

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Ex. 5 Gubkin State University of Oil and Gas is considered to be the leading educational establishment for Iraining petroleum engineers in Russia.

1.Say what you know about the University.

2.Read the text and say what new information about the University you have got.

UNIVERSITY

«Your future is just round the corner and you must be prepared with the best education you canget.»

(Oil and Gas Journal)

The 21 -st century will be an exciting time for science and engineering. People will need resources for food, housing and transportation. However we must find and use those resources in a way that protects the environment.

The earth, its resources, their production and uses are the main concerns of petroleum engineering. Petroleum engineering is a wide sector of national economy and it requires highly qualified specialists. The petroleum industry is expanding, therefore, it needs employees with engineering knowledge capable of increasing productivity and manufacturing processes. All these create a lot of job

opportunities for petroleum engineers.

Thus, more and more school-leavers choose petroleum engineering as their future career.

Gubkin State University of Oil and Gas is Russia's principal education institution of petroleum engineering and a major research center offering training for specialists for all aspects of oil and gas industry.

The institution was founded in 1930 on the initiative of academician I.M. Gubkin, a noted geologist In 1998 it was given a status of the University.

The University has a staff ofexperienced scientists, engineers and leading technical experts. Gubkin's professors have been nationally and internationally recognized for academic achievements and research works.

The University offers Iraining at a variety of levels: bachelor, graduate engineer, master, candidate of science, and doctor of science.

Some students decide to jump into the working world after 4 or 5 years of study and they get bachelor's degrees and graduate engineer's diplomas, respectively. Those who want to broaden their education, to study new technologies and enhance employment opportunities seek Master's degree. Those, who want to continue their education at Gubkin postgraduate courses must have a graduate engineer's diploma or a Master's degree.

Training is provided at the faculties of:

1.Faculty of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics

2.Faculty of Oil and Gas Field Development

3.Faculty of Pipeline Network Design, Construction and Operation

4.Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

5.Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

6.Faculty of Automation and Computer Science

7.Faculty of Economics and Management

8.Faculty of Law

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Teaching is focused on traditional technical fields and academic subjects related to the petroleum sector.

Scientists and engineers don't work in a vacuum, and they can't succeed unless they can express their ideas. Technical education is combined with optional and elective courses in the humanities and social sciences to strengthen writing and speaking skills and give a specialist insights into today's complex world.

Students can also gain valuable industry experience (while in the last two years).

The University graduates can get an education that will "exercise'' their brain, develop their ability to think logically and solve problems. These are the skills that will be valuable throughout their life.

Prepared with technical competence, creative problem-solving abilities and practical experience Gubkin's graduates are in great demand in the petroleum industry both in Russia and abroad.

Ex. 6 State the part of speech of the following words:

Expanding, opportunity, fruitful, school-leavers, principal, academician, scientist, academic, achievement, respectively, broaden, valuable, competent, education, creative, decision, alteration, oontaminate, flexibility, darkness, accessible, useless, protective, pollution, partnership, optimize, modify, dangerous, width, physical, electric.

Ex. 7 Find synonyms to the following words and word combinations in the text:

1.	in such a manner	9. correspondingly
2.	to demand	10. to widen
3.	production	11. to improve
4.	chance	12. branch
5.	to be established	13. connected to
6.	skillful	14. to get experience
7.	to provide training	15. to train one's brain
8.	make up one's mind

Ex. 8 Find antonyms to the following words and word combinations in the text:

1.	boring	7. to narrow
2.	to contract	8. unemployment
3.	to decrease	9. compulsory course
4.	to destroy	10. to weaken
5.	fruitless	11. to fail in smth
6.	unknown

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Ex. 9 Match A and В.
	A		В
1.	нефтегазовое дело	1.	exritingtime
2.	производственные процессы	2.	writing and speaking skills
3.	дипломированный специалист	3.	engineering knowledge
4.	возможности трудоустройства	4.	petroleum mgjneering to
5.	учебные предметы	5.	gain practical experience
6.	пользоваться большим спросом	6.	fruitful opportunities
7.	способности решать проблемы	7.	academic subjects
8.	удивительное время	8.	manufacturing processes
9.	технические знания	9.	employment opportunities
10.	благоприятные возможности	10.	to be in great demand to
11.	учебное заведение	11.	seek Master's degree
12.	получить практический опыт	12.	educational institution
13.	навыки письма и говорения	13.	problem-solving abilities
14.	обучаться в магистратуре	14.	graduate engineer

Ex.10 Render the text into English.

Поступая в Губкинский университет, выпускники школ выбирают будущую карьеру в одной из самых важных отраслей промышленности. Поскольку нефтегазовая отрасль динамично развивается, ей требуются различные специалисты с хорошей инженерно-технической подготовкой. Несомненно, такие специалисты должны знать всю технологическую цепочку нефтегазового дела, т.е. «до» и «после» трубы.

Стоит упомянуть, РГУ нефти и газа им. И.М. Губкина - головной ВУЗ нефтегазовой отрасли. Университет предлагает подготовку специалистов по 61 программе высшего профессионального образования: дипломированные специалисты, бакалавры, магистры, кандидаты и доктора наук. Высокая квалификация профессорско-преподавательского состава дает возможность студентам получить хорошую профессиональную подготовку и практические навыки.

Обучение ведется на 8 факультетах, где студенты получают профессиональные навыки, развивают способности мыслить логически и решать различные проблемы. Студенты геологического факультета изучают методы прогноза, поиска, разведки и подсчета запасов нефти и газа. Бурение, разработка и эксплуатация нефтяных и газовых месторождений, включая морские месторождения, исследования в области физики пласта и гидравлики, измерительно-вычислительная система - комплекс инженерных профессий выпускников факультета РН и ГМ. Проектированием, сооружением и эксплуатацией газонефте-транспортных магистралей занимаются выпускники факультета ПСиЭСТТ. Специалисты, окончившие факультет XT и Э, реализуют свои знания в области переработки нефти и газа, создания высокоэффективных, экологически чистых реагентов для повышения нефтегазодобычи. Факультет инженерной механики готовит специалистов, умеющих создавать и работать с современными нефтегазовыми машинами, оборудованием и сооружениями, управлять рисками на производстве. Факупьтет АиВТ обеспечивает

предприятия нефтегазовой отрасли квалифицированными специалистами по проектированию и применению средств и систем автоматизации и вычислительной техники.

Выпускники ФЭУ получают знания и умения, которые помогут им управлять предприятиями нефтегазового комплекса и обеспечить ему высокую эффективность работы, конкурентоспособность и стабильное положение на рынке. Факультет права готовит специалистов в области правового обеспечения деятельности предприятий и организаций нефтегазового комплекса.

Необходимо отметить, что РГУ нефти и газа им. И М . Губкина является всемирно признанным учебным и научным центром по подготовке специалистов нефтегазового комплекса. В заключение можно сказать, что выпускники РГУ нефти и газа им. И.М. Губкина могут найти работу по профилю, т.к. предприятия нефтегазовой отрасли знают о профессиональной компетентности и творческих способностях губкинцев.

Ex. 11 Read the main facts from the history of the Russian petroleum industry. Choose those connected with your profession.

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1273 AJ) Marco Polo, on his way to China, records that oil is a subject of trade. 1692 The first mention of Ukhta oilfield mUterature.

1750 M.V. Lomonosov examines Ukhta oil in the laboratory of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

1837 Mining engineer N.I. Voskoboynikov		designs new stills (перегонный аппарат,
	дистиллятор) for oil distillation and kerosene production for lightning in Balakhan
	near Baku.
1846	V.N. Semyonov in Bibi-Eibat area of the Apsheron Peninsular drills the first
exploration
	wells to the depth of 21 metres. 1857	Two industrialists V. A. Kokorev and P.I.
Gubonin construct the first refinery in Surahan
	(Baku).
1864	The first oil gusher (выброс, фонтан) strikes from the well drilled by A.N. Novosiltsev
	in Krasnodar region.
1865	Engineer Ivanitsky invents a pump (насос) for oil extraction from a well.
1870	A. Sokhansky begins to produce lubricating oils.

1873 An Astrakhan merchant (купец) N.I. Artemyev is the first to ship oil in tanks from Baku to

	Astrakhan.
1873	The Nobels establish the Nobel Brothers Oil Extracting Partnership. Baku oil field
	development gets under way. 1876		V.G. Shukhov invents a nozzle (насадка,
форсунка) for burning liquid fuel. 1879		The Nobel Brothers Partnership constructs the first
oil pipeline in Russia from Balakhan
	to Baku. The pipeline is designed by V.G. Shukhov.
	A number of refineries are built near Yaroslavl and Nizhniy Novgorod.
	Mendeleyev publishes a paper on the inorganic theory of the petroleum origin. 1882
The establishment of Geological Committee of Russia 1893				Commercial oil production
starts in Grosny region.

1905 The largest pipeline in the world at that time, from Baku to Batumi to transport kerosene is put into operation. The length of it is 883 km, the diametre—200 mm, it is equipped with

	16 pumping stations.
1913	I.M. Gubkin discovers oil deposits in Maikop region.
1914	The oil pipeline from Grosny to Petrovsk (now Makhatchkala) is built. 1918
The Moscow Mining Academy is founded.
1922	The first large Okha oil field in Sakhalin is discovered.
1923	M. A. Kapelushnikov invents and introduces into industry one-stage turbodrill with
	gear reducer (редуктор, редукционная передача).
1929	The Tuapse refinery is put into operation.
	Sokolov proposes oil prospecting by use of surface gas survey method.
1930	The Moscow Oil Institute is established at the initiative of academician I.M. Gubkin
	(the ancestor of the Gubkin State University of Oil and Gas).
1932	The unique Yarega heavy oil field is discovered in Petchora basin. 193 3	The
first inclined (наклонная) well is drilled by rotary method in the former USSR in Baku.
1934	The Ukhta refinery is put into operation.
193 5	The first gas complex in the North of the European part of the USSR is founded (Ukhta
	region).
1936	The first in the world multistage mrbodrill is designed by P.P. Shymilov, E.I. Tagiev
	and R.A. Ioannesyan.
1937	The discovery ofTuimasinsk and Syzransk oil fields, Buguruslan gas field, Cambrian
	oil inYakutiya.
	The Berdyansk cracking plant is put into operation.
	Horizontal drilling, Yarega, USSR.
1939	Russian drillers initiate directional drilling with totx>drill.
1940	Russia develops multisection turbodrills.
1942	The discovery of a gas field in Saratov region.
	Orenburg, Syzran and Komsomolsk refineries are put into service.
1943	Cluster (кустовое) drilling begins in Russia.
1946	The first in the USSR long-distance gas pipeline Saratov-Moscow is constructed.
1948	The Ufa Oil Institute affiliates to the Moscow Oil Institute named after I.M. Gubkin.
	Romashkinskoye oil field is discovered in Tatar Republik.
1949	3D directional drilling (spiral-directed wells) develops in USSR
1952	The discovery ofthe first offshore oil field'^eftyaniueKamni''inthe Caspian Sea. Russia
	develops retractable (раздвижное) drill bit technology.

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1953	The first powerful gasser near Beryozovo settlement in West Siberia marks the
	discovery of the largest gas producing region.
	Alexander Grigoryan drills multilateral well in Russia 1955	The Soviet Union

begins exporting oil. 1960 - 1966 These years are characterized by the discoveries of oil, gas and gas

condensate fields
	in different parts of this country, among them such giants as Samotlor oil field (2.6
	billion tons), Urengoy gas field (7.5 tern). 1961	The method of
combustion of oil in-situ is first used in Kuban region.
1963	Russia begins commercial application of electrodrilling system.
1964	The trans-European oil pipeline "Druzhba" is built.
1966	The trunk gas pipeline is laid from Buhara to the Urals.
1967	The Ukhta Industrial Institute affiliates to the Moscow Institute of Petrochemical and
	Gas Industry named after I.M. Gubkin.
	The first Siberian trunk gas pipeline Nadym-Ukhta-Torzhok is put into service.
1972	The commercial gas production from Medvezheye gas field begins.
	Russia uses heavy-wall aluminium drill pipe, tri-cone underreamers (расширитель).
1973	The Soviet Union completes the Northern Lights system, the first dedicated gas export
	pipeline from Siberia to Europe.
1975	Russia uses retrievable (съемная) system for superdeep drilling and coring
development
1976	Astrakhan gas field is discovered.
1978	The trans-continental gas pipeline Orenburg — the western border of the USSR
	("Soyuz") is put into operation.
1979	Discovery of supergiant Tengiz oil field in Kazakh SSR.
1983	The trunk gas pipelineUrengoi-Pomary-Uzhgorod is constructed.
	Russian drillers surpass 40.000 ft (12.263 m) 1993	Vertically integrated
companies "LUKOLL", "YUKOS", "SURGUTNEFTEGAS" are
	formed.
1999	Russia (Aquatic Co.) develops aluminium drilling riser. Ex.

12 Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.

Any progressing student, particularly those studying science or engineering thinks of his or her career prospects. Such students never miss an opportunity to gain practical experience, to attend technical conferences or to speak with the workers from the industry. That's why the folks at Anadarko Petroleum Corp., Houston, invited petroleum engineering students who were attending the Society of Petroleum Engineers' (SPE) annual technical conference to discuss their problems. The students represented petroleum engineering departments of 19 universities in the US and abroad. These Universities train specialists for petroleum industry and offer a petroleum engineering degree.

The students discussed their job prospects, spoke about their job interviews for summer intern positions and field experience. One of the students who had been employed to work for Anadarko last summer said:

"I was in production doing frac jobs6, completions, and workovers. The biggest frac job was 400,000 lb (of proppant) and we pumped it at 100 bbl/min (injection rate). It was a neat experience, because we had so many frac jobs going on. I was able to sit in on 11 or 12 of them during the summer."

"It was really good, helping me to learn frac techniques and the theory behind fracturing in general. When you get out to the field and experience it hands-on, you grasp the concept much better than sitting in a classroom."

When asked about possible careers after graduation some students said they wanted to work offshore. While others wanted to work onshore.

Anadarko vice-president and chief information officer stressed that oil and gas companies absolutely depend on new graduates to complete their growing work force. Students the companies employ are top graduates with skills that can be used immediately.

6frac job — fracturing job

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