Unit 9. The profession of a builder

Grammar:

1. Infinitive § 54

2. Participle II § 53

A. 1. Read and translate the following international words

Reservoir, aqueduct, transport system, modernize, plan, technician, hydrotechnician ['haidrəutek'ni∫ən], station, electricity, qualification, panel, central, geography, sculpture, specifications, operate, crane, position, gas

1. 2. Learn new words

air воздух annual годовой drawing чертеж heavy тяжелый level уровень lift поднимать project объект pump насос purpose цель scale масштаб success успех weld сваривать	assembly сборка compress сжимать deliver доставлять irrigate орошать need нуждаться powerful мощный quality качество quantity количество range ряд, диапазон receive получать reduce уменьшать supervise руководить			a great deal of много concrete [΄kɔnkri:t] бетон cost стоимость, стоить distribute распределять fundamentals основы handling транспортировка heating отопление modernize модернизировать nowadays сейчас, теперь operate приводить в движение painting картина, живопись transport ['trænspɔ:t] транспорт
assemble собирать, монтировать attract привлекать, притягивать hydrotechnician гидротехник introduce вводить, внедрять power station электростанция protect [prə'tekt] защищать realize осуществлять, понимать			aqueduct [΄ækwidkt] акведук, водопровод be familiar with быть знакомым с draw - drew - drawn рисовать, чертить improve улучшать, совершенствовать prefab = prefabricated сборный store [ stɔ: ] хранить, запасать, наполнять town planning градостроительство
property [΄prɔpəti] свойство purify [΄pjuərifai] очищать running water водопровод treat [tri:t] обрабатывать		reinforced concrete армированный / (железо)бетон reservoir [΄rezəvwa:] бассейн, водохранилище transport [træns΄pɔ:t] транспортировать unit единица, узел, элемент (конструкции)

A. 3. Speak on the functions of engineers (a civil engineer, a road engineer, a sanitary engineer, a hydro-technician). Follow the models:

An architect specializes in designing of buildings.

The function of a design engineer is to design buildings.

A. 4. Express the following in one word, using the suffix - er / -or. Model: One who reads —> reader

l. One who builds - ... 2. One who is visiting - ... 3. One whose occupation is to construct - ... 4. One who lives in London - ... 5. One whose occupation is to decorate - ... 6. One who designs - ...

A. 5. Translate the following word combinations:

building professions, desert lands, irrigation systems, running water, sanitary engineers, city planning, irrigate lands, provide with conveniences, protect water, store water, treat water, distribute water, purify water, modernize buildings, deliver prefabricated units, assemble a house, reduce the cost of construction, erect pumping stations

A. 6. Translate the following groups of derivatives:

irrigate – irrigation, protect – protection, erect – erection, connect – connection, reduce – reduction, operate – operation, supervise – supervision, organization – organize, modern – modernize, special – specialize, paint – painting, heat – heating, pure – purify, fulfil – fulfilment, treat – treatment, improve – improvement, receive – receiver, weld – welder, store – storage, deliver – delivery, assemble – assembly, convenient – convenience, success – successful, common – commonly

A. 7. Translate the following sentences

1. The repair of the car cost him much money. 2. A new railway will connect some towns with the capital. 3. The traffic of this highway is heavy. 4. Such substance doesn't exist on the Earth. 5. In England plenty of houses are heated with coal. 6. We visited many lands and saw different people. 7. The computer stores a lot of information. 8. Did you receive a letter from your friend yesterday? 9. The bus service is convenient here. 10. We manufacture goods of various qualities.

B. 1. Choose the sentences which should be translated beginning with "чтобы"

1. To drive cars in a big city is very difficult. 2. To restore the building they used bricks. 3. To translate such article without a dictionary is difficult. 4. To extend the main street they had to destroy some old buildings. 5. To measure the vast distances between different planets scientists have to use special instruments. 6. To move along their orbit sputniks do not need any additional energy. 7. To design, construct and operate a radar system is a great technical achievement. 8. To translate such article without a dictionary one must know English well. 9. To translate a sentence is to discover its meaning.

B. 2. Translate the sentences paying attention to the infinitive

1. Practice helps to master theory. 2. They did everything to get necessary information. 3. People made efforts to find new sources of energy. 4. They used this method to achieve good results. 5. They used different techniques to construct the dam. 6. Polzunov was the first to construct a steam engine. 7. This method is not good enough to be used everywhere. 8. His task was to complete the work in time. 9. He wants to become an engineer because he likes technology. 10. To know English well you must work hard.

B. 3. Form Participle II from the following verbs

find, found, add, take, change, maintain, know, install, consider, lose, put, achieve, receive, leave, divide, write, make, do, give, see, say, speak, solve, assemble, mean, think, require, introduce, compare, begin, build, improve, choose, forget, get, grow, understand

B. 4. Translate the sentences paying attention to Participle II

l. The article translated by the student is interesting. 2. The invention made by Popov didn’t interest the government. 3. The information received is of great importance. 4. A maser is a device made of special material. 5. The English used since the 15^th century is called Modern English. 6. Wood was treated with creosote. 7. The houses built in the last century needed reconstruction. 8. The lecture delivered by the professor was on new methods of technology. 9. The results of the experiments discussed yesterday will be published. 10. A bus was moving along the street covered with stones. 11. The subjects studied in the first two years are very important for future engineers.

C. 1. Read the text THE PROFESSION OF A BUILDER and answer the following questions using: As far as I know, I think, it should be noted, in fact, as is known

1. What do builders construct and reconstruct?

2. What common aim do civil engineers and architects have?

3. Who protects the quality of water?

4. What kind of training must an architect receive?

The building profession attracts many young men and women nowadays. In our country housing construction is carried out on a large scale. Hundreds of factories produce prefab panels. Builders construct and reconstruct residential and industrial buildings, bridges, schools, palaces of culture, etc. They build tunnels, canals, power stations, dams and reservoirs. They also construct aqueducts to store and transport water for populated areas and to irrigate desert lands. The distribution of water in irrigated areas is based on annual plans. Very many irrigation systems are built and modernized. Hydro-technicians erect dams, reservoirs and pumping stations.

Builders and engineers design and erect houses, schools, factories and other buildings. Builders, as we know, assemble a house from prefabricated units which are delivered to the construction site. A welder then welds the units. Builders use building equipment and operate it by electricity¹ or compressed air. Powerful cranes lift heavy building materials and the workers put them into position. Nowadays builders use a great variety of materials.

Civil engineers and architects have a common aim – to provide people with all modern conveniences, such as running water, gas, electricity, central heating. A sanitary engineer protects the quality of water.² He treats and purifies this water when it is used for domestic purposes. An architect designs buildings. He must receive a great deal of scientific training connected with his profession. He must know mathematics as well as properties of building materials. He must need some knowledge of sculpture, painting, design, mechanical engineering, geography, city planning,³ etc.

An engineer prepares the plans and specifications and usually supervises the construction of the project. He must use engineering fundamentals to improve the quality and at the same time reduce the cost of construction. An engineer must be familiar with construction methods.

Notes:

1. приводить в действие / управлять с помощью электричества 2. следить за качеством воды 3. градостроительство

D. 1. Speak on the profession of a builder

B. 5. Translate the sentences

1. To help aircraft find the capsule, its upper part is covered with special paint which can be detected by radar. 2. Radar may control the brakes to avoid collisions with other cars. 3. It is important to understand the fundamentals of this science. 4. A citizen of our country was the first to circle the globe. 5. Our students don't need a dictionary to translate this text. 6. I need two more days to finish my work. 7. Mendeleyev was the first to make a classification of chemical elements. 8. A new comfortable train was developed to transport people over long distances. 9. Plumbers lay pipes to carry waste water away to the sewers. 10. To make calculations, two computer programmes were used.

B. 6. Translate the sentences

1. The number of specialists connected with new branches of science and engineering is increased every year. 2. A bricklayer is a tradesman who builds and repairs brickwork who builds walls and other parts made of bricks. 3. To provide pure air in a factory they use air - purifying plants. 4. The device made at our laboratory will be used in industry. 5. There are large areas in Australia which are still unpopulated. 6. Communication satellites used by all countries make intercontinental television transmission possible. 7. Walls made of bricks and concrete blocks are suitable both for small buildings and multi-storey structures.

A. 8. Memorize the following words:

lorry грузовик mortar раствор pipe [paip] труба ready готовый stairs лестница (wall)paper обои	carpenter плотник frame рама, каркас lay – laid – laid класть mason каменщик paint краска, красить top верх, верхушка		bricklayer каменщик cement [si'ment ] цемент fix фиксировать, закреплять foundation фундамент whitewash побелка, белить wire проволока, провод
carry [ 'kæri ] нести, перевозить employ использовать, нанимать plasterer [ 'pla:stərə] штукатур repair [ri'pεə] ремонтировать smooth [smu:] гладкий, ровный water pipe водопроводная труба woodwork столярные работы		brickwork каменная / кирпичная кладка plaster [ 'pla:stə] штукатурка, штукатурить plumber [ 'рlmə] водопроводчик rough [rf] грубый, необработанный sewer канализационный коллектор waste water сточная вода; отработанная вода (water)main водопроводная магистраль
stone камень wood дерево	installation [ instə'lein ] установка, инженерное оборудование trowel [ 'trauəl] мастерок; затирать, разглаживать мастерком

C. 2. Read the text SOME BUILDING PROFESSIONS and answer the following questions using: As far as I know, as is known, I think, in fact.

1. Who is called a bricklayer?

2. What kind of work does a plasterer perform?

Different workmen are employed in building a house. A bricklayer is a worker who builds and repairs brickwork who builds walls and other parts made of bricks. He lays the bricks one on the top of another and puts mortar between them with a trowel.

A carpenter is the man who does the rough woodwork of the house. He erects wood frames, fixes wood floors, stairs and window frames. Doors, windows, frames and stairs all come to the building sites on lorries. They are ready to be fixed in the houses.

A mason is a stone worker. He builds the foundation. In Scotland and the USA a brick worker is usually also a mason. Plumbers work on all the water pipes of the house. They lay pipes to carry clean water into the house from the water main. Plumbers also lay pipes to carry waste water away to the sewers. They fix all the baths, water pipes and the sanitary installations.

Then the carpenters finish the woodwork in the house and leave it ready for the painters and the decorators. When all the wires and pipes are in place the house is ready for the plasterers. The plasterers put plaster or cement over all the walls and ceilings and make them smooth. The walls are then painted, papered or whitewashed.

C. 3. Read the text THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION and find answer to the following question:

What characteristics must the engineer combine?

Engineering is one of the most ancient occupations in history. The skilled technicians who erected the marvelous buildings of the ancient world were the civil engineers of their time.

Specialists in engineering materials have taken a new approach to the problem of the permanent nature of materials' properties. It is useful to have materials whose properties can be changed and controlled. That's why specialists have to create materials with variable porosity, elasticity and thermal conductivity.

The principal work of the engineer is design. He has to design machines, structures, equipment, products, etc. The engineer must combine many of the characteristics of the scientist, research engineer and technologist, he must preserve and enrich the best traditions of national and foreign architecture. Such work requires creative ability and knowledge of scientific principles. The engineer must also have an understanding of the various properties and available materials. They must keep up with changes in their profession. Apart from professional skill, an architect must have an extensive knowledge of all spheres of the cultural life of the people. He must know all kinds of building materials and technology provided by the building industry of today.

Specialists in engineering materials create new materials with diverse properties: variable porosity, elasticity and thermal conductivity. With glass and ferro - concrete as their construction materials and with modern synthetic materials at their disposal for interior decoration Russian architects and construction workers have to erect structures which must represent a harmonious blend of national and modern style.

Notes:

create - создавать blend - смесь

approach - подход at one's disposal - в чьем-либо распоряжении

D. 2. Speak on building professions. Make use of the text, Table I and the following expressions: As a matter of fact, as is known, etc.

Table 1

PROFESSIONS
bricklayer	plumber	carpenter	plasterer
build, lay, put	lay, fix	erect, fix	put
walls, bricks, mortar	pipes, baths	wood frame, stairs	plaster, cement