Экономика связи
.pdf•! /! ! ! ! & ! ! %/ !'! ! % & (6 * (&! +B!*) /! & " /+', @, ( !$ -"!(6 #7 /+A!$;
•% #@! ! ! & ! * & / " &, 7 %/ .! (6 * +/.
7.4. A : , I
" / & #! /!' & & ( <& ( 7…9% "B!$ & & %/ ' & ! #7 . ', %/ #@(! & & ( <& #@! 30 -- 40%. : ! / ( ! &/+ &+/! %/ ' & ! #7 . ' "G !& 0 ! "! & %/ '+ & , '( ' & / * ! &/!"+!& &/ & #/6, & / ! 7 ' & & " / & #7 /!' & %/ #@(! &.
" / & #! /!' & /* )$ (< <& " / & #! %/ ' & ! #! . '# . '# "/ B!.
" / & #! %/ ' & ! #! .'# !% /!' & ! #
' ! + (+* . (< <& % # % * &!(6 #7 &!/ (, % #7 &!$ '( &! +B!* " (+A /! & " /+', & %(, ( )! #7 "# &/ @ <B 7 %/!' !&. / (+A"# " / & #7 %/ ' & ! #7 . ' & ( !& ! !! ' * * ', & &6 ! %/! #@ !& 100-/ & #$ / !/ + & (!$ * +' / &
(6$ / " &$ %( .
'# "/ B! (< <& '! !A #! /!' & /* )$
/ !& #7 !& 7 !, /!' &, ( A! #! * & +< %/ '+ ) < !$ '! &!(6 &, '!" & / +< ' (A! &6, & &6 . / !$ '!A'# ( ' 7 &.'.
51
7 ' 0 !$ +B & " / & #7 /!' &, 0..! & &6 7 % (6 7 / &!/ +!& % &!( " / ! &.
& &:
1. :( &!(6 &6 ' * " / &:
|
|
|
|
|
|
; 1 |
= |
A * = 1 |
, |
||
|
|
||||
|
|
|
1 A . 1 . |
||
*'! A - /!' & &6 " / & #7 /!' & / &/ ! #$ %!/ ';
' – ( ' !$ / &/ ! %!/ '!; 2. 0..) ! & " / ! & " / & #7 /!' & ( "):
; = 1A. 1. /A ,/.
3. 0..) ! & */+ " / & #7 /!' & ( *):
;BHF = 1 = A
;AO 1A. 1.
+/ ! 6 % (6 " / & #7 /!' & /* )$
# !& ( ! &!(6 ! ( . & /: +/ ! 6 )!
& ( <B ! " / & #7 /!' &, ! /! ! &6 &!/ (6- &!7 ! * "A! / !& !A'+ /* ) .
C &/!" &6 /* )$ " / & #7 /!' & 7 %/!'!( !&
! + & (! #7 /. C/! #@! ! . & !$ & & " / & #7 /!' & % / ! < 7 / &$ !( $ & & &/ ) &!(6 # . & / / " 7$& +<B!* +"G! &.
:
1. C/ !' &! %/!'!(! ! &!* / «%/ ' & ! #! . '#», % &! 7 0 ! +< +B &6 . & / %/ ' &.
52
2.! &( ! &/+ &+/# %/ ' & ! #7 . ' & &/+ &+/# %/ ' & ! #7 . ' %/ #@(! &. ! (< !& %/ & * / ( .
3.C!/! ( &! *( #! %/ #7 %/ ' & ! #7 . ', 7 &( ! & " / & #7 /!' &.
4.C &!, & 7 ' & & #7 %/ ' & ! #7 . ',
7 ' &/+ &+/.
5.C/ !' &! % / ' / !& /!' !* '$ & & C.
6.! &+/ (6 #! & & #! !/ &!( C # !&!.
7.C &! '# #7 %/ ' & ! #7 . ', !
(< !& 7 0 ! +B &6.
8.C/ !' &! % / ' / !& /& ) #7 & (!$, / #
/& ) % ( ! & (! ! . '.
9.:( 7 )!(!$ % (6 +<& /& ) #! & (!.
10.C &!, & !& 0..! & &6 % (6 . '. C/ !' &! %!/! ! 6 &+/ (6 #7 & & #7 % &!(!$ '( !! )!.
11.A &! #! %+& +(+ @! % (6 #7
%/ ' & ! #7 . ' &/ ( .
12.& 7 ' & & " / & #7 /!' &, ! % &!( %/ ! <& '( )! 7 % (6.
I. (*(. 7, &/. 193-237)
II. (*(. 7, &/. 108-136)
53
8. 2 , ! . 0 , , ,
8.1. 4 2. $
!"! & &6 "B! '! 7 / &!/ +!& "G! %/ ' & ! #7 '!/A! (0 %(+ & ) #7 / 7 '), ! "7 ' #7 '( %/ ' & !* "G! + (+* (" (+A &!7 ! 7 + &/$&).
"/ !"! & &6 % # !&, & /!& "7 ' & '$ /* ) ( &/ ( ' ! + (+* '( % &/!" &!(!$.
( <& !"! & &6 %/ ' & !* "G! + (+* (0 %(+ & ) #! / 7 '#),!"! & &6 &'!(6 #7 ' + (+* .
/* ) %/!' & ( <& ' & & @ /$ /+* + (+*, ! !/ #7 &+/ (6 !/!, & !' )+ %/ '$ + (+* %/ & + /+% ! #$ & &$ % &!(6 – 100 /+". ' 7 '.
(!' &!(6, !"! & &6 + (+* / !& % . / +(!:
|
n 100 |
= ----- n 100, /+". ( = ----------- , /+"., |
|
: ' |
: #/ |
*'! – "B + 0 %(+ & ) #7 / 7 ' & !& & +<B$ %!/ ';
: ', : #/ – ' 7 '# & $ '! &!(6 &, ' 7 '# & /! ( ) / " & (+ (+*), #/+ & !& & +<B$ %!/ '.
Z (!! *(+" ! % ! +B & !"! & &
+ ! ! !! &/+ &+/# (6 +( ).
& B!! /! & !& & '!$& +<B!$ ( . ) !$ */+%% /$ &/ & #'!( <& (!'+<B ! #! & &6:
54
1.' %( &/+' ( )
2.& (! ) (6 #! +A'# ( )
3./& ) #! & (! ( )
4.&!/ (6 #! &/ ( )
5.C!/! % ( %!/) '( /* )$ % &$
6.C/ ! / 7 '# ( %/ )
7./ ! % ' * / ( )
8.:/+* ! & &6 &/ & ( '/).
&/+ &+/ &/ A !& +'!(6 #$ ! & !& & +<B!$ & &6 &/ &
"B!$ + ! 0 %(+ & ) #7 / 7 '.
&/+ &+/ 0 %(+ & ) #7 / 7 ' (!"! & & + (+* ) '( / ( #7 /* )$ ! '. , % &$ ' ( / 7 ' (#@! 50%) %/ 7 ' & %( &+ &/+' ) (6 #! & (!, " (!! 15% "B!$ + # &/ & # %!/!$ % & #7 &%/ (!$.
/* ) &!(!/ ' %(!, & A! \ " (!!
. ' ! ! !<& &/+ &+/! !"! & & " (6@$ +'!(6 #$ !
/& ) #7 & (!$, & /#$ ' & * !& 50%. |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
:( |
/* )$ |
|
|
/ ( #7 |
|
% ' &/ (!$ 7 / &!/ |
||||||||||||||||
! &!(6 ' ( &!/ (6 #7 &/ & – 3…5%. |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
(! ! !"! & & + (+* % &'!(6 # & &6 &/ & |
||||||||||||||||||||||
# !& (6 +( ) !$ !"! & &. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
= |
( |
<A8 |
+ |
, |
+ |
H |
+ |
D |
|
+ |
|
)*100, |
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
A.1. |
|
A.1. |
|
A.1. |
|
A.1. |
|
|
A.1. |
|
|
|
|
||||
(6 +( ) !"! & & ' !& A &6 %/!'!( &6 +/ |
||||||||||||||||||||||
/%( & ! & ( |
<A8 |
), &!/ ( ! & ( |
|
D |
|
) , 0 !/* ! & |
( |
|
) , |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
1A. 1 . |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
1A. 1 . |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1A. 1 . |
|
|
|
||||||
/& ) ! & ( |
|
|
H |
) |
+ (+* . |
/ ! ! ' #7 % &!(!$ |
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
1A. 1 . |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
/ ( #! |
%!/ '# |
|
|
% ( !& |
# &6 |
|
% ( A &!(6 #!, |
& |
|
|||||||||||||
55
&/ ) &!(6 #! . & /#, ( <B ! & !& & +<B "/ A! !
(% #@! !) !"! & & + (+* .
/# $ 0 ! '( )! ( !"! & & + (+* A ! ! ! !!& + ! ! / %/!'!(! &/ & % & #! %!/! ! #!. */+%% / &/ & +B! & ( !& % %/ +
& 7 ! ! & "G! %/ !'! #7 + (+*. % & # & & &! '# &/ &, !( & /#7 ! & & ! ! "G! + (+*, %/ !/, /& ) #! & (!, & . ' %( &/+', /! ' %( &.
!( %!/! ! #7 &/ & . / /+!& & & ! !
"G! + (+*. &/ ( %!/! ! # &/ & & & / 7 '# &!/ (# % #! &, 0(! &/ 0 !/* < '( %/ ' & ! #7 +A'.
& +/ !"! & & + (+* & % &!( %/ "#( /! & "!(6 & 7$& +<B!* +"G! &. C 0& + A # &6 . & /#, & /#! # <& " (!! &!(6 ! ( ! . / / ! +/
' !"! & &.
6 & & &/+' ! &/ ( 0, & " (!!
A # . & /, ( <B A! ! !"! & & + (+*, ( !& % #@! ! 0..! & & (%/ ' &!(6 &) &/+'.
! % A! !"! & & !& % #@! 0..! & & &/+' %/!'!( !&:
3 = ( 3 1)d3o ,
W
*'! 3 , W – '! # / & /!' !$ / " &$ %( , 0..! & &
(%/ ' &!(6 &) &/+' & !& & +<B$ %!/ ', %;
d3 – +'!(6 #$ ! . ' %( &/+' "B!$ + ! 0 %(+ & ) #7 / 7 ', % (%/!'!( !& % %/!'#'+B! + ( " + * '+).
56
( ! ! !"! & & !& ( i- $ & &6 &/ &
(o i) +B! & ( !& % . / +(!:
0i
o i = ( ------ - 1) d i ,
:
*'! 0i – '! i- $ & &6 &/ & %!/ ';
: – '! ! ! ' 7 ' (& $ '! &!(6 & ( #/+ ) & & A! %!/ ';
doi – +'!(6 #$ ! i- $ & &6 &/ & !"! & & " * %!/ ', %.
! ( &'!(6 #7 . & / & &!$ &/ &
. / / ! !"! & & A %/!'!( &6 #! %+& A!
!"! & & !& &6 !/ %/ & % 7 /! ( ).
& +/ !"! & & + (+* &!(6$ !/! &
% &!(, 7 / &!/ +<B ! ! #! /! +(6& '! &!(6 & 7$& +<B 7 +"G! &, %/!A'! !*, %/ "#(6 /! & "!(6 &6.
8.2. &
C &!( %/ "#( /! & "!(6 & !<& ! & (6 A !
& &!(6 ! ! ! '( )! /! +(6& & '! &!(6 &,
%/!'!( <& . #! A & '( /!@! ' &!7 ! * ) (6 * / & /* )$ .
:( )! %/ "#( 7$& +<B!* +"G! & %/ ! !& ! (6 % &!(!$:
1. C/ "#(6 & /! ( ) + (+* $ '! &!(6 &
C/! ( = : .'. –
57
C/ "#(6 & !& * %!/ ' (C & ) %/!'!( !& :
C & = C/! ( + C ( )%/ + C ( ) !/! ( ,
*'! C/! ( – %/ "#(6 & /! ( ) / " & (+ (+*);
C( )%/ – %/ "#(6 % ' " #7 %/!'%/ & $;
C( ) !/! ( – %/ "#(6 & !/! ( ) #7 %!/ ) $ ( !&/ ' ) #7 + (+*).
(!'+!& !&6 '+, & 7 $ & +<B! + +"G! &+ %/ '(!A &&6 %/ "#( , &.!. %/ "#(6, & <B !* / % / A! ( ( & %/ "#(6), & / %/!'!( !& / &6 !A'+ %/ "#(6< & !& * %!/ ' + $ ( * #7 & (! $, %/ ( ! #7 "<'A!&:
C & = C & – ( *
!/ ( * %/!'!( !& ! !( # ( * "( * ! $ %/ "#( (C () & ( * , + & ( ! $ C/ &!(6 & .
,$= &,HR * , .
100
+ ( * "( * ! $ %/ "#( %/!'!( !& :
C ( = C & – C . "(.,
*'! C . "(. – %/ "#(6 ! "( * ! ( * .
& %/ "#(6 ( !& ' & . / / . '
%(! . ' % &/!"(! .
' %(! %/!' ! '( . / &/ &!(6 &
#7 "G! & A ( B * &/ &!(6 & , %/ "/!&! *" /+' , %(! % " & ! #7 " / & #7 /!' & .
C/ "#(6, %/ ( ! . ' % &/!"(! , / 7 '+!& #%( &+ %/! $, %/!' & (! ! ) (6 #7 &/+' #7 (6* & ( %( & %+&! ,
0 +/ $, '" %! , &!/ (6 % B6 &.'.).
) !/ #7 "B! & 7 0(! &/ !& & $ %/ "#("/ +!& /! !/ #$ . ' ) (6 #$ . ', & /#! *+&
58
% (6 &6 '( % /#& +"#&, '( % * @! "( * )$ "B! & # +% !* )$.
&6 &$ %/ "#( /!@! !& ) !/ %/ ( !& #%( &+ ' '! ' ( '!(6) )$.
! & "!(6 &6 ( ) – 0& & &!(6 #$ % &!(6 %/ "#(:
! & "!(6 &6 &/ &: 0 = |
& A8= |
* 100 ,% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! & "!(6 &6 %/ ' & (%/ ' A): ' = 1 A . 1 . |
* 100 ,% |
|||
|
|
|
& A8= |
|
C/ "#(6 /! & "!(6 &6 – &!& ! ! (%(! #!) % &!( /! +(6& & '! &!(6 & /* )$ , . / /+<B ! % ' ( !
A! & . & /.
/ %/ "#( /! & "!(6 & /* )$ &!(6$ !/! & & ! & /# + (+* , 7 +/! & % " &, !"! & & + (+*.
A # . & / % #@! %/ "#( /! & "!(6 & ( <& / & %/ ' &!(6 & &/+', . ' &' , + /! ! !
%/ ' & ! #7 B &!$, %/!' & (! ! #7 " (6 #7 + (+* .
:
1.C/ !' &! %/!'!(! ! +B & !"! & &.
2.&! + /+% ! +< !' )+ !/! + (+* .
3.:$&! 7 / &!/ & + &/+ &+/# 0 %(+ & ) #7 / 7 '
('!/A! %/ ' &), % &! ! (< !& !! |
&( ! |
& |
|||
&/+ &+/# / 7 ' %/ #@(! &. |
|
|
|
||
4. C &! +B &6 (6 +( ) !"! & & |
+ (+*, |
|
|||
/ <& |
% &!( |
/%( & ! &, |
&!/ ( ! &, |
||
0 !/* ! & + (+* ..
59
5. !, % @! + ! <, (< !& / ( ! !A'+ % & # %!/! ! # / 7 ', ! & &6 &/ & &/ (
A & ! & & !& & ! %!/! ! # % & #.
6.&! #! . & /#, ( <B ! +/ ! 6 ' + !"! & &, %/ !' &! !& '# )! 0& * (.
7.C &! % / ' "/ %/ "#(, !! 0 ! +< +B &6.
8.! &( ! %/ "#( & !& * %!/ ' (" ($) &$ %/ "#( 7$& +<B!* +"G! &.
9.C/ !' &! % / ' / !& ( * %/ "#(6, %/ ( ! *
"<'A!&.
10.A &!, ! )!( % (6 +!& & %/ "#(6. C &! +B &6 . ' % &/!"(! . ' %(!, % / ' 7 % (6.
11.%/!'!( !& /! & "!(6 &6 /* )$ .
12.&! #! . & /#, ( <B ! +/ ! 6 ' + %/ "#( /! & "!(6 &.
I. (*(. 8, &/. 238-257, *(. 10, &/. 299-304) II. (*(. 8, &/. 137-147, *(. 9, &/. 155-177)
60