Construction of aircrafts Active Vocabulary to Text a

aircraft	-воздушное судно
fuselage	- корпус
wing	-крыло
empennage	- хвостовое оперение
flight controls	-приборы управления самолётом
landing gear	- шасси
nacelle	- гондола (двигателя)
rudder	- руль направления
elevator	- руль высоты
to attached to...	- прикреплять к ...

1. Text a Airplane

The main components of an airplane can be divided into six main parts: fuselage, wings, empennage, flight controls, landing gear and nacelles.

The fuselage is the main body of the airplane and contains the pilot's compartment and passenger and baggage compartments. The pilot's compartment is also called a cockpit. The cockpit contains the flight controls and instruments. The larger part of the fuselage contains passenger seats or cargo space and usually some provision for baggage.

The wings are the main lifting surfaces which support the aircraft in flight, and they are attached to a strongly-built or stressed section of the fuselage.

The empennage consists of a vertical stabilizer and rudder and the horizontal stabilizer and elevators.

The main landing gear or wheels are attached by struts and braces to the fuselage and often to the wings outboard of the fuselage.

Some airplanes are equipped with pontoons or floats for landing on water and skis for landing on snow.

Nacelles are compartments housing the power plant or engine and its accessories.

Questions to Text a

1. What are the main components of an airplane?

2. What is the main body of the airplane?

3. Where are the baggage compartment situated?

4. Does the fuselage contain the pilot's compartment?

5. What is the pilot's compartment called?

6. Does the cockpit contain the flight controls and instruments?

7. Why are the wings are the main lifting surfaces?

8. What are the main parts of empennage?

9. Some airplanes are equipped with floats, aren't they?

10. What are the nacelles?

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1. Text b Helicopter

The improvement of aviation machinery of EMERCOM of Russia contributes to the maintenance and development of domestic aviation rescue technologies. For example, by request of the EMERCOM of Russia a rescue helicopter light class Ka-226А was developed. That helicopter helps in particularly difficult conditions for the transporting victims to the clinic, patrol the main highways and environmental monitoring.

A helicopter is a type of the aircraft that uses rotating or spinning wings called blades to fly. Unlike an airplane, a helicopter has wings that move. A helicopter's rotating blades or a rotor allow it to do things an airplane cannot.

In order to fly, an object must have "lift," a force moving it upward. Lift is usually made by wings. Wings are curved on top and flatter on the bottom. This shape is called an airfoil. That shape makes air flow over the top faster than under the bottom. As a result, there is less air pressure on top of the wing; this causes suction and makes the wing move up.

An airplane must fly fast to move enough air over its wings to provide lift. A helicopter moves air over its rotor by spinning its blades. A helicopter can take off or land without a runway. It can turn in the air in ways airplanes cannot. Unlike an airplane, a helicopter can fly backwards or sideways. It also can hover in one spot in the air without moving. This makes helicopters ideal for things an airplane cannot do. For example, a helicopter can pick someone with a medical problem up where there is no runway. It can then land in a small area on top of a hospital.

Helicopters can be used for many things. They can be used as flying ambulances to carry patients. They can be loaded with water to fight large fires. Military forces use helicopters to attack targets on the ground and move troops. Helicopters are used to get supplies to ships. Helicopters can be used to transport large objects from place to place. Helicopters can rescue people in hard-to-reach places like mountains or in rough seas. Television and radio stations use helicopters to fly over cities and report on traffic. These uses are just some of the many things that can be done with helicopters.

Safety of aviation machinery fully depends on the work of Air Traffic Controllers.