4. Answer the questions:

1) What do you call a step toward automation? 2) What was the industrial development of the nineteenth century? 3) What was the role of a human operator while obtaining the control? 4) What marked the new stage in the development of automatic control? 5) What devices can detect faults in a processed part, communicate the error to the machine and adjust its operation so as to correct the fault? 6) What can these devices do? 7) What is the role of electronic devices nowadays? 8) Where was automatic control widely established? 9) What is stage of automation based on nowadays?

5. Find as quickly as possible and read out the sentences containing the following important information:

• Creation of the automated system;

• the development in automatic operation;

• introduction of electronic computers into industrial processes;

• the establishment of the automatic control at enterprises.

*6. Try to tell the gist of the text.

Word Study

1. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following.

Automatic control, suitable trade, continuous flow, human operator, electronic devices, processed part, alternative courses, routine brainwork. skilled supervision, different techniques, widely established, overall trend, computer technology.

2. Give English equivalents of the following.

Обходитися без робітника, забезпечувати автоматичні зв’язки, помічати помилки та відхилення, пневматичні та гідравлічні пристрої, промислове підприємство, регулювати роботу машини, швидкий технологічний прогрес, кваліфіковане обслуговування, покладатися на прилади, точність, комп’ютерні технології.

3. Match the words in A with their synonyms in B:

A B

to control way

to create to tie

the same several

a few thought

to link to get

idea equal

to obtain to make

simply to check

method easily

4. Fill in the gaps with the words from Vocabulary Notes in the appropriate form.

Feedback / self-adjusting / rely / skilled / unskilled / feed

1) Scientists believe that the future of electronic automation is in …. and self-teaching machines, since they will be able to adapt themselves to the changing conditions of production. 2) Perhaps the most important part of an automated system is sensing or …. . 3) In forge and press shops robots …. blanks, measuring their temperature in passing, if this is required by the technology. 4) Robots release workers from monotonous and very hard work, requiring no …. labour, in hot shops and in production with hazardous working conditions. 5) These machines performed automatically, once they were set and loaded, and they confined human operator to two kinds of work, the …. work of loading and unloading, and the skilled work of setting and maintaining machines. 6) Many business, scientific, and industrial computer applications …. on the combination of analog and digital devices.

5. Translate sentences into English using words and word combinations from the Vocabulary Notes.

1). Розвиток сучасного автоматизованого контролю дозволяє швидко виявляти та виправляти помилки на виробництві. 2). Контроль якості продукції здійснюється за допомогою спеціальних приладів. 3). Автоматичні системи контролю можуть базуватись на різних технологіях. 4). Сучасні тенденції розвитку підприємства спрямовані на абсолютний автоматичний контроль ліній виробництва. 5). Зараз автоматизація базується на новітніх комп’ютерних технологіях та повній комп’ютерізації національної економіки.