Задание n 30 Кейс-задания: Подзадача 2

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Checks and Balances 1. The U.S. Constitution establishes three branches for the federal government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The three branches work together to help the country. Each branch has its own responsibilities and powers. No branch has more power than the other branches. They have balanced powers. Each branch has separate duties to check the powers of the other branches. 2. When a new state – the USA – was born, the Founders of the state thought that if there was no balance of power among different branches of government it would lead to tyranny. The problem was how to create a system of government with balanced powers. That’s why James Madison (1751 – 1836) favored the constitution that limited government by means of a) separation of powers; b) a system of checks and balances, where checks – limitation of the duties of each branch, and balances – separate powers to each branch. 3. Congress has the power to make laws, but the President may veto any act of Congress. Congress, in its turn, can pass a law over a veto by a two-thirds vote in each house. Congress can also refuse to provide funds requested by the President. The President can appoint important officials of his administration, but they must be approved by the Senate. The President also has the power to name all federal judges: they, too, must be approved by the Senate. 4. The system of checks and balances makes compromise and consensus necessary. This system protects against extremes. It means, for example, that new presidents cannot radically change governmental policies just as they wish. Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. Federal judges in the US are …

appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate

named by the Congress and must be approved by the Senate

nominated by the Supreme Court for life

elected by citizens in national elections

Решение: Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать алгоритм обработки текстовой информации и, прочитав текст, завершить утверждение согласно содержанию текста. Утверждение «Federal judges in the US are …» («Федеральные судьи в США…») следует закончить вариантом ответа «appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate» («назначаются президентом с согласия сената»), так как именно это утверждение соответствует содержанию текста. Согласно тексту: «The President has the power to name all federal judges: they… must be approved by the Senate» («Президент назначает всех федеральных судей: они… должны быть одобрены сенатом») (фрагмент 3).

Задание n 31 Кейс-задания: Подзадача 3

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Checks and Balances 1. The U.S. Constitution establishes three branches for the federal government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The three branches work together to help the country. Each branch has its own responsibilities and powers. No branch has more power than the other branches. They have balanced powers. Each branch has separate duties to check the powers of the other branches. 2. When a new state – the USA – was born, the Founders of the state thought that if there was no balance of power among different branches of government it would lead to tyranny. The problem was how to create a system of government with balanced powers. That’s why James Madison (1751 – 1836) favored the constitution that limited government by means of a) separation of powers; b) a system of checks and balances, where checks – limitation of the duties of each branch, and balances – separate powers to each branch. 3. Congress has the power to make laws, but the President may veto any act of Congress. Congress, in its turn, can pass a law over a veto by a two-thirds vote in each house. Congress can also refuse to provide funds requested by the President. The President can appoint important officials of his administration, but they must be approved by the Senate. The President also has the power to name all federal judges: they, too, must be approved by the Senate. 4. The system of checks and balances makes compromise and consensus necessary. This system protects against extremes. It means, for example, that new presidents cannot radically change governmental policies just as they wish. Ответьте на вопрос: Why is the system of checks and balances necessary?

The system of checks and balances is necessary because it keeps any branch of government from using too much power or misusing it and makes each branch check on the others.

The system of checks and balances is necessary because it separates the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government which work together to help the country.

The system of checks and balances is necessary because it limits the President’s powers: his right to veto any act of Congress, to appoint high officials, to nominate federal judges, etc.

The system of checks and balances is necessary because it helps the Congress to make laws, pass them and override the President’s veto by a two-thirds vote in each house.

Решение: Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать алгоритм обработки текстовой информации при изучающем чтении, уметь анализировать получаемую информацию и, читая текст, находить ответ на поставленный вопрос. Правильный ответ на вопрос «Почему необходима система проверок и противовесов?» – «The system of checks and balances is necessary because it keeps any branch of government from using too much power or misusing it and makes each branch check on the others» («Система проверок и противовесов необходима, потому что она удерживает каждую ветвь власти от использования чрезмерных полномочий или неправильного их применения и заставляет ее контролировать другие ветви»), поскольку согласно тексту: «The three branches work together to help the country. No branch has more power than the other branches. Each branch has… duties to check the powers of the other branches» («Три ветви власти работают вместе на благо страны. Ни одна ветвь не имеет больше полномочий, чем другие. Каждая ветвь… обязана контролировать исполнение своих полномочий другими ветвями») (фрагмент 1).