Задание n 32 Кейс-задания: Подзадача 4

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Checks and Balances 1. The U.S. Constitution establishes three branches for the federal government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The three branches work together to help the country. Each branch has its own responsibilities and powers. No branch has more power than the other branches. They have balanced powers. Each branch has separate duties to check the powers of the other branches. 2. When a new state – the USA – was born, the Founders of the state thought that if there was no balance of power among different branches of government it would lead to tyranny. The problem was how to create a system of government with balanced powers. That’s why James Madison (1751 – 1836) favored the constitution that limited government by means of a) separation of powers; b) a system of checks and balances, where checks – limitation of the duties of each branch, and balances – separate powers to each branch. 3. Congress has the power to make laws, but the President may veto any act of Congress. Congress, in its turn, can pass a law over a veto by a two-thirds vote in each house. Congress can also refuse to provide funds requested by the President. The President can appoint important officials of his administration, but they must be approved by the Senate. The President also has the power to name all federal judges: they, too, must be approved by the Senate. 4. The system of checks and balances makes compromise and consensus necessary. This system protects against extremes. It means, for example, that new presidents cannot radically change governmental policies just as they wish. Определите основную идею текста.

The system of checks and balances serves to control the work of different branches of the federal government and is an important principle of the US Constitution.

The system of checks and balances presupposes that Congress passes laws which the President can veto, but Congress, in its turn, can override the President’s veto.

The role of compromise and consensus in the American system of running a country is very important, as it protects against extremes in governmental policies.

The U.S. Constitution provides the separation of powers in the country among the executive branch of government, the legislative branch and the judicial branch.

ВАРИАНТ 9

ЗАДАНИЕ N 1 Тема: Учебная лексика

College education in the USA is aimed at the development of ______ skills.

vocational

literal

oral

long-term

ЗАДАНИЕ N 2 Тема: Деловая лексика

The company made a public _______ that the prices would decrease.

announcement

advertisement

appointment

broadcast

Решение: Чтобы выполнить задание, следует знать лексику деловой сферы применения и уметь использовать ее в заданном контексте, правильно переводя варианты ответов: announcement – объявление; advertisement – реклама; appointment – назначение, должность, встреча; broadcast – радиовещание, радиопередача. Согласно контексту, только вариант announcement является правильным: «Компания публично объявила, что цены понизятся».

ЗАДАНИЕ N 3 Тема: Профессиональная лексика

He sued the newspaper for …

libel

litigation

liability

innocence

Решение: Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать профессиональную лексику и перевести варианты ответов: libel – письменная клевета; litigation – тяжба, судебный процесс; liability – обязанность, ответственность; innocence – невиновность. Согласно контексту, только вариант ответа libel является правильным: «Он предъявил газете иск за клевету».

ЗАДАНИЕ N 4 Тема: Термины (Дефиниции)

A proceeding before a court or other decision-making body or officer, usually shorter and often less formal than a trial is …

			hearing
			motion
			investigation
			detection

Решение: Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать лексику терминологического характера и перевести варианты ответов: hearing – слушание дела; motion – запрос в суд; investigation – расследование; detection – обнаружение. Согласно контексту, только вариант ответа hearing является правильным: «Рассмотрение дела в суде либо в другом учреждении должностным лицом, полномочным принимать решения, обычно более короткое и часто менее формальное, чем судебный процесс, – слушание дела».