6. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the laser?

2. What is the function of the laser?

3. What beam of plight does the laser produce?

4. When was the first laser built?

5. What types of quantum generators did scientists develop after I960?

6. What type of the laser is the most common one at present?

7. Where will the laser find the most extensive applications in future?

Контрольная работа 4 Вариант 2

Выполните письменно следующие упражнения.

1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод герундия.

1. Using radioactive isotopes opens up new possibilities for medicine and agriculture.

2. The Curies' having discovered radium gave them the possibility of discovering other radioactive elements.

3. We know of the atomic reactor being fed with uranium 235.

4. We know of Yablochkov's having found a brilliant solution to the difficult problem of using the electric arc for lighting.

5. Work on "braking" the H-bomb and on using the fusion process for generating electricity is going forward in several countries.

2. Переведите предложения. Обратите особое внимание на перевод усилительной конструкции.

1. It was after solving the problem of splitting the nuclei of some elements that the atomic energy could be received.

2. It was Kurchatov who discovered the isomerism of artificial radioactive nuclei.

3. А) определите форму причастия в предложении; б) предложения переведите.

1. Using isotopes in measuring the diffusion of metals we got much more accurate data.

2. Scientists have found a simple way to produce a laser beam of any colour and frequency desired.

3. Being produced by the laser the narrow intense beam travels great distances without spreading.

4. Having reached the surface of the Moon, it returned to the Earth three seconds later, its return being recorded by sensitive devices.

4. А) определите форму инфинитива в предложении; б) предложения переведите.

1. The traditional approach to this problem is to consider each new process as a new problem.

2. Scientists make new electronic machines store information, handle calculations and even control production processes.

3. Digital computers are likely to be wider used than analogue ones.

4. Plastics are supposed to be used instead of metals in many cases.

5. Tidal forces are expected to make considerable contribution if not to present day, at least to future electricity production.

6. It takes much time for the reaction to complete at a low temperature.

7. Newton was the first to realize elliptical paths of comets.

8. It required some more experiments for the engineer to prove the precision of the results obtained.

9. The computing equipment enabled investigators to process the received data much quicker.

5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

A NEW MICROCOMPUTER

An entirely new microcomputer has been developed in our country. The microcomputer is equipped with an arithmetical logical device which carries pre-set programmes. Because of this the microcomputer can perform various logical functions. In other words, it possesses a solving field for various commands. It is comparatively easy to change commands or add new ones.

The arithmetical logical device is known to be adjusted by computers of a higher level. The memory device based on semiconductors keeps information for several days, even with the power supply unplugged. In this case the microcomputer automatically switches over to the microaccumulator.

The new computer is very small in size and weight, resistant to temperature fluctuations, reliable and easy to operate. It does not require special ventilation. It can be used in computer control complexes as an information-processing unit and also as a built-in computer in various analysing and display devices. It receives data, calculates the optimum conditions and supplies signals for the control of technological processes. For example, in pressure-die casting the microcomputer receives information about the temperature in the furnace, the speed of the liquid metal movements, location of the various devices, etc. The computer processes the data and controls the casting, i. e. keeps the temperature and the pressure within required limits, and commands the beginning of the casting operation. The programme is written by technicians, and the operator inserts the required data.

The field of application of the new computer appears to be vast. It can analyse various substances in oil, gas, chemical and food industries, as well as soil and plants. It can also be used for processing information about conditions in the environment, for control of conveyors and other equipment.

add v insert v	- добавлять - вводить	pre-set a	- заранее составленный
entirely adv vast a	- совершенно - обширный	pressure-die casting	- литье, полученное под давлением
environment n	- окружение, среда	soil n	- почва
fluctuation n	- колебание	unit n	- блок
food n	- пища	unplug v	- отключать
furnace n	- печь