|
PHYSICAL |
PROPERTIES |
|
|
5.77 |
||
TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtures |
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|
|
A. |
Ternary azeotropes containing water and alcohols |
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||
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|
|
Composition, wt % |
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|
|
BP of |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
azeotrope, |
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
System |
C |
|
Water |
|
Alcohol |
|
component |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Methanol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chloroform |
52.3 |
|
1.3 |
|
8.2 |
|
90.5 |
2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene |
30.2 |
|
0.6 |
|
5.4 |
|
94.0 |
Methyl chloroacetate |
67.9 |
6.3 |
81.2 |
|
13.5 |
||
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|
|
Ethanol |
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|||
Acetonitrile |
72.9 |
|
1 |
|
55 |
|
44 |
Acrylonitrile |
69.5 |
|
8.7 |
|
20.3 |
|
71.0 |
Benzene |
64.9 |
|
7.4 |
|
18.5 |
|
74.1 |
Butylamine |
81.8 |
|
7.5 |
|
42.5 |
|
50.0 |
Butyl methyl ether |
62 |
|
6.3 |
|
8.6 |
|
85.1 |
Carbon disulfide |
41.3 |
|
1.6 |
|
5.0 |
|
93.4 |
Carbon tetrachloride |
62 |
|
4.5 |
|
10.0 |
|
85.5 |
Chloroform |
55.3 |
|
2.3 |
|
3.5 |
|
94.2 |
Crotonaldehyde |
78.0 |
|
4.8 |
|
87.9 |
|
7.3 |
Cyclohexane |
62.6 |
|
4.8 |
|
19.7 |
|
75.5 |
1,2-Dichloroethane |
66.7 |
|
5 |
|
17 |
|
78 |
1,1-Diethoxyethane |
77.8 |
11.4 |
|
27.6 |
|
61.0 |
|
Diethoxymethane |
73.2 |
12.1 |
|
18.4 |
|
69.5 |
|
Ethyl acetate |
70.2 |
9.0 |
|
8.4 |
|
82.6 |
|
Heptane |
68.8 |
6.1 |
|
33.0 |
|
60.9 |
|
Hexane |
56.0 |
3 |
|
12 |
|
85 |
|
Toluene |
74.4 |
12 |
|
37 |
|
51 |
|
Trichloroethylene |
67.0 |
5.5 |
|
16.1 |
|
78.4 |
|
Triethylamine |
74.7 |
9 |
|
13 |
|
78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
1-Propanol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|||
Benzene |
67 |
|
7.6 |
|
10.1 |
|
82.3 |
Carbon tetrachloride |
65.4 |
|
5 |
|
11 |
|
84 |
Cyclohexane |
66.6 |
|
8.5 |
|
10.0 |
|
81.5 |
1,1-Dipropoxyethane |
87.6 |
27.4 |
51.6 |
|
21.0 |
||
Dipropoxymethane |
86.4 |
8.0 |
44.8 |
|
47.2 |
||
Dipropyl ether |
74.8 |
11.7 |
20.2 |
|
68.1 |
||
3-Pentanone |
81.2 |
20 |
20 |
|
60 |
||
Propyl acetate |
82.5 |
17.0 |
10.0 |
|
73.0 |
||
Propyl formate |
70.8 |
13 |
5 |
|
82 |
||
Tetrachloroethylene |
81.2 |
12.5 |
20.7 |
|
66.8 |
||
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|
|
|
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|
|
2-Propanol |
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|
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|
|
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|
|||
Benzene |
66.5 |
|
7.5 |
|
18.7 |
|
73.8 |
Butylamine |
83 |
|
12.5 |
|
40.5 |
|
47.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.78 |
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|
SECTION 5 |
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||
TABLE 5.12 |
Ternary Azeotropic Mixtures ( |
Continued |
) |
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||
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Composition, wt % |
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|
|
BP of |
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||
|
|
azeotrope, |
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|
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|
|
Other |
System |
|
C |
|
|
Water |
|
Alcohol |
component |
|
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|
2-Propanol ( |
|
continued |
) |
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|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Cyclohexane |
|
64.3 |
|
|
7.5 |
|
18.5 |
74.0 |
Toluene |
|
76.3 |
|
|
13.1 |
|
38.2 |
48.7 |
Trichloroethylene |
|
69.4 |
|
|
7 |
|
20 |
73 |
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
1-Butanol |
|
|
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||
|
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|
|
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|
|||
Butyl acetate |
|
89.4 |
|
|
37.3 |
|
27.4 |
35.3 |
Butyl formate |
|
83.6 |
|
|
21.3 |
|
10.0 |
68.7 |
Dibutyl ether |
|
90.6 |
|
|
29.9 |
|
34.6 |
35.5 |
Heptane |
|
78.1 |
|
|
41.4 |
|
7.6 |
51.0 |
Hexane |
|
61.5 |
|
|
19.2 |
|
2.9 |
77.9 |
Nonane |
|
90.0 |
|
|
69.9 |
|
18.3 |
11.8 |
Octane |
|
86.1 |
|
|
60.0 |
|
14.6 |
25.4 |
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
2-Butanol |
|
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||
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|
|
|
|
|
|||
Carbon tetrachloride |
|
65 |
|
|
4.05 |
|
4.95 |
91.00 |
Cyclohexane |
|
69.7 |
|
|
8.9 |
|
10.8 |
80.3 |
Isooctane |
|
76.3 |
|
|
9 |
|
19 |
72 |
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
2-Methyl-1-propanol |
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|
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||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Isobutyl acetate |
|
86.8 |
|
|
30.4 |
|
23.1 |
46.5 |
Isobutyl formate |
|
80.2 |
|
|
17.3 |
|
6.7 |
76.0 |
Toluene |
|
81.3 |
|
|
17.9 |
|
16.4 |
65.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2-Methyl-2-propanol |
|
|
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||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Benzene |
|
67.3 |
|
|
8.1 |
|
21.4 |
70.5 |
Carbon tetrachloride |
|
64.7 |
|
|
3.1 |
|
11.9 |
85.0 |
Cyclohexane |
|
65.0 |
|
|
8 |
|
21 |
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3-Methyl-1-butanol |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Isopentyl acetate |
|
93.6 |
|
|
44.8 |
|
31.2 |
24.0 |
Isopentyl formate |
|
89.8 |
|
|
32.4 |
|
19.6 |
48.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allyl |
alcohol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Benzene |
|
68.2 |
|
|
8.6 |
|
9.2 |
82.2 |
Carbon tetrachloride |
|
65.2 |
|
|
5 |
|
11 |
84 |
Cyclohexane |
|
66.2 |
|
|
8 |
|
11 |
81 |
Hexane |
|
59.7 |
|
|
8.5 |
|
5.1 |
86.4 |
|
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|
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|
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|
|
TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtures ( |
|
Continued |
) |
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|
|
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|
|
B. Other ternary azeotropes |
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|
BP of |
|
Composition, |
|
BP of |
|
Composition, |
System |
azeotrope, |
C |
wt % |
System |
azeotrope, |
C |
wt % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Water |
32.5 |
|
0.4 |
Water |
71.4 |
|
7.9 |
Acetone |
|
|
7.6 |
Nitromethane |
|
|
29.7 |
2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene |
|
|
92.0 |
Heptane |
|
|
62.4 |
Water |
66 |
|
8.2 |
Water |
80.7 |
|
17.4 |
Acetonitrile |
|
|
23.3 |
Nitromethane |
|
|
58.3 |
Benzene |
|
|
68.5 |
Nonane |
|
|
24.3 |
Water |
67 |
|
6.4 |
Water |
77.4 |
|
12.4 |
Acetonitrile |
|
|
20.5 |
Nitromethane |
|
|
44.3 |
Trichloroethylene |
|
|
73.1 |
Octane |
|
|
43.3 |
Water |
68.6 |
|
3.5 |
Water |
33.1 |
|
2.1 |
Acetonitrile |
|
|
9.6 |
Nitromethane |
|
|
6.5 |
Triethylamine |
|
|
86.9 |
Pentane |
|
|
91.4 |
Water |
63.6 |
|
5 |
Water |
82.8 |
|
20.6 |
2-Butanone |
|
|
35 |
Nitromethane |
|
|
73.3 |
Cyclohexane |
|
|
60 |
Undecane |
|
|
6.1 |
Water |
55.0 |
|
4 |
Water |
93.5 |
|
40.5 |
Butyraldehyde |
|
|
21 |
Pyridine |
|
|
54.5 |
Hexane |
|
|
75 |
Dodecane |
|
|
5.0 |
Water |
107.6 |
|
21.3 |
Water |
93.1 |
|
38.5 |
Formic acid |
|
|
76.3 |
Pyridine |
|
|
51.0 |
Isopentanoic acid |
|
|
2.4 |
Undecane |
|
|
10.5 |
Water |
107.0 |
|
15.5 |
Water |
92.3 |
|
35.5 |
Formic acid |
|
|
66.8 |
Pyridine |
|
|
45.5 |
Isobutyric acid |
|
|
17.7 |
Decane |
|
|
19.0 |
79.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtures ( |
|
Continued |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BP of |
|
Composition, |
|
BP of |
|
Composition, |
|
System |
azeotrope, |
C |
wt % |
System |
azeotrope, |
C |
wt % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Water |
107.6 |
|
19.5 |
Water |
90.5 |
|
30.5 |
|
Formic acid |
|
|
75.9 |
Pyridine |
|
|
37.0 |
|
Butyric acid |
|
|
4.6 |
Nonane |
|
|
32.5 |
|
Water |
107.2 |
|
18.6 |
Water |
86.7 |
|
22.4 |
|
Formic acid |
|
|
71.9 |
Pyridine |
|
|
25.5 |
|
Propionic acid |
|
|
9.5 |
Octane |
|
|
52.0 |
|
Water |
105 |
|
11.0 |
Water |
78.6 |
|
14.0 |
|
Hydrogen bromide |
|
|
10.4 |
Pyridine |
|
|
15.5 |
|
Chlorobenzene |
|
|
78.6 |
Heptane |
|
|
70.5 |
|
Water |
96.9 |
|
20.2 |
Acetic acid |
134.4 |
|
23 |
|
Hydrogen chloride |
|
|
5.3 |
Pyridine |
|
|
55 |
|
Chlorobenzene |
|
|
74.5 |
Acetic anhydride |
|
|
22 |
|
Water |
107.3 |
|
64.8 |
Acetic acid |
134.1 |
|
31.4 |
|
Hydrogen chloride |
|
|
15.8 |
Pyridine |
|
|
38.2 |
|
Phenol |
|
|
19.4 |
Decane |
|
|
30.4 |
|
Water |
116.1 |
|
54 |
Acetic acid |
129.1 |
|
13.5 |
|
Hydrogen fluoride |
|
|
10 |
Pyridine |
|
|
25.2 |
|
Fluorosilic acid |
|
|
36 |
Ethylbenzene |
|
|
61.3 |
|
Water |
75.1 |
|
11.5 |
Acetic acid |
98.5 |
|
3.4 |
|
Nitroethane |
|
|
75.1 |
Pyridine |
|
|
10.6 |
|
Heptane |
|
|
64.0 |
Heptane |
|
|
86.0 |
|
Water |
59.5 |
|
8.4 |
Acetic acid |
128.0 |
|
20.7 |
|
Nitroethane |
|
|
9.3 |
Pyridine |
|
|
29.4 |
|
Hexane |
|
|
82.3 |
Nonane |
|
|
49.9 |
|
Water |
82.4 |
|
19.1 |
Acetic acid |
115.7 |
|
10.4 |
|
Nitromethane |
|
|
68.1 |
Pyridine |
|
|
20.1 |
|
Decane |
|
|
12.8 |
Octane |
|
|
69.5 |
80.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 5.12 |
Ternary Azeotropic Mixtures ( |
|
Continued |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BP of |
|
Composition, |
|
|
BP of |
|
Composition, |
|
|
System |
|
azeotrope, |
C |
wt % |
|
System |
azeotrope, |
C |
wt % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Water |
|
|
83.1 |
|
21.5 |
|
Acetic acid |
132.2 |
|
17.7 |
|
Nitromethane |
|
|
|
75.3 |
|
Pyridine |
|
|
30.5 |
|
|
Dodecane |
|
|
|
3.2 |
|
o -Xylene |
|
|
51.8 |
|
|
Acetic |
acid |
|
129.2 |
|
10.2 |
|
Methanol |
47.4 |
|
14.6 |
|
Pyridine |
|
|
|
22.5 |
|
Methyl acetate |
|
|
36.8 |
|
|
p -Xylene |
|
|
|
67.3 |
|
Hexane |
|
|
48.6 |
|
|
Acetic |
acid |
|
163.0 |
|
75.0 |
|
Ethanol |
63.2 |
|
10.4 |
|
2,6-Dimethylpyridine |
|
|
|
13.8 |
Acetone |
|
|
24.3 |
||
|
Undecane |
|
|
|
11.2 |
|
Chloroform |
|
|
65.3 |
|
|
Acetic |
acid |
|
147.0 |
|
12.6 |
Ethanol |
70.1 |
|
8 |
|
|
2,6-Dimethylpyridine |
|
|
|
74.3 |
Acetonitrile |
|
|
34 |
||
|
Decane |
|
|
|
|
13.1 |
|
Triethylamine |
|
|
58 |
|
Acetic |
acid |
|
141.3 |
|
19.9 |
Ethanol |
64.7 |
|
29.6 |
|
|
2-Methylpyridine |
|
|
|
46.8 |
Benzene |
|
|
12.8 |
||
|
Decane |
|
|
|
|
33.3 |
|
Cyclohexane |
|
|
57.6 |
|
Acetic |
acid |
|
135.0 |
|
12.8 |
Ethanol |
57.3 |
|
9.5 |
|
|
2-Methylpyridine |
|
|
|
38.4 |
Chloroform |
|
|
56.1 |
||
|
Nonane |
|
|
|
|
48.8 |
|
Hexane |
|
|
34.4 |
|
Acetic |
acid |
|
121.3 |
|
3.6 |
1-Propanol |
73.8 |
|
15.5 |
|
|
2-Methylpyridine |
|
|
|
24.8 |
Benzene |
|
|
30.4 |
||
|
Octane |
|
|
|
|
71.6 |
|
Cyclohexane |
|
|
54.2 |
|
Acetic |
acid |
|
77.2 |
|
7.6 |
|
2-Propanol |
69.1 |
|
31.1 |
|
Benzene |
|
|
|
34.4 |
|
Benzene |
|
|
15.0 |
|
|
Cyclohexane |
|
|
|
58.0 |
|
Cyclohexane |
|
|
53.9 |
|
|
Acetic |
acid |
|
132 |
|
15 |
|
1-Butanol |
77.4 |
|
4 |
|
2-Methyl-1-butanol |
|
|
|
54 |
Benzene |
|
|
48 |
||
|
Isopentyl acetate |
|
|
|
31 |
|
Cyclohexane |
|
|
48 |
|
|
Propionic acid |
|
149.3 |
|
29.5 |
1-Butanol |
108.7 |
|
11.9 |
||
|
2-Methylpyridine |
|
|
|
32.0 |
Pyridine |
|
|
20.7 |
||
|
Decane |
|
|
|
|
38.5 |
|
Toluene |
|
|
76.4 |
81.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TABLE 5.12 |
Ternary Azeotropic Mixtures ( |
Continued |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BP of |
Composition, |
|
BP of |
Composition, |
System |
azeotrope, C |
wt % |
System |
azeotrope, C |
wt % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Propionic acid |
140.1 |
|
16.5 |
1,2-Ethanediol |
185.0 |
8.7 |
2-Methylpyridine |
|
|
21.5 |
Phenol |
|
74.6 |
Nonane |
|
|
42.0 |
2,6-Dimethylpyridine |
|
16.7 |
Propionic acid |
123.7 |
|
4.5 |
1,2-Ethanediol |
185.1 |
5.9 |
2-Methylpyridine |
|
|
10.5 |
Phenol |
|
79.1 |
Octane |
|
|
85.0 |
2-Methylpyridine |
|
15.0 |
Propionic acid |
153.4 |
|
43.0 |
1,2,-Ethanediol |
186.4 |
15.9 |
2-Methylpyridine |
|
|
40.0 |
Phenol |
|
67.7 |
Undecane |
|
|
17.0 |
3-Methylpyridine |
|
16.4 |
Propionic acid |
147.1 |
|
55.5 |
1,2-Ethanediol |
188.6 |
29.5 |
Pyridine |
|
|
26.4 |
Phenol |
|
54.8 |
Undecane |
|
|
18.1 |
2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine |
|
15.7 |
Methanol |
57.5 |
|
23 |
Acetone |
60.8 |
3.6 |
Acetone |
|
|
30 |
Chloroform |
|
68.8 |
Chloroform |
|
|
47 |
Hexane |
|
27.6 |
Methanol |
47 |
|
14.6 |
Acetone |
49.7 |
51.1 |
Acetone |
|
|
30.8 |
Methyl acetate |
|
5.6 |
Hexane |
|
|
59.6 |
Hexane |
|
43.3 |
Methanol |
53.7 |
|
17.4 |
Chloroform |
62.0 |
79.7 |
Acetone |
|
|
5.8 |
Ethyl formate |
|
5.3 |
Methyl acetate |
|
|
76.8 |
2-Bromopropane |
|
15.7 |
Methanol |
50.8 |
|
17.8 |
1,4-Dioxane |
101.8 |
44.3 |
Methyl acetate |
|
|
48.6 |
2-Methyl-1-propanol |
|
26.7 |
Cyclohexane |
|
|
33.6 |
Toluene |
|
29.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
82.5