PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

5.83

5.4FREEZING MIXTURES

TABLE 5.13		Compositions of Aqueous Antifreeze Solutions
			Freezing point of ethyl alcohol-water mixtures*
						Freezing point
	Specific gravity		% alcohol	% alcohol
	20 /4 C. (68	F.)	by weight	by volume	C.	F.
0.99363			2.5	3.13	1.0	30.2
0.98971			4.8	6.00	2.0	28.4
0.98658			6.8	8.47	3.0	26.6
0.98006			11.3	14.0	5.0	23.0
0.97670			13.8	17.0	6.1	21.0
0.97336			16.4	20.2	7.5	18.5
0.97194			17.5	21.5	8.7	16.3
0.97024			18.8	23.1	9.4	15.1
0.96823			20.3	24.8	10.6	12.9
0.96578			22.1	27.0	12.2	10.0
0.96283			24.2	29.5	14.0	6.8
0.95914			26.7	32.4	16.0	3.2
0.95400			29.9	36.1	18.9	2.0
0.94715			33.8	40.5	23.6	10.5
0.93720			39.0	46.3	28.7	19.7
0.92193			46.3	53.8	33.9	29.0
0.90008			56.1	63.6	41.0	41.8
0.86311			71.9	78.2	51.3	60.3
			Freezing point of methyl (wood) alcohol-water mixtures*
						Freezing point
	Specific gravity		% alcohol	% alcohol
					C.	F.
	15.6 C. (60	F.)	by weight	by volume
0.993			3.9	5	2.2	28
0.986			8.1	10	5.0	23
0.980			12.2	15	8.3	17
0.974			16.4	20	11.7	11
0.968			20.6	25	15.6	4
0.963			24.9	30	20.0	4
0.956			29.2	35	25.0	13
0.949			33.6	40	30.0	22
0.942			38.0	45	35.6	32

* Values are for pure alcohol. Since some commercial antifreezes contain small amounts of water, slightly higher volume concentrations than those given in the table may be required. Antifreezes also contain corrosion inhibitors and other additives to

make them function properly as cooling liquids. These affect freezing point slightly and specific gravity to a greater degree. If a protection table is furnished by the manufacturer it should be used in preference to the values given above for the pure substance.

5.84						SECTION 5
TABLE 5.13		Compositions of Aqueous Antifreeze Solutions (					Continued	)
					Freezing point of Prestone-water mixtures†
		% Prestone				Specific gravity			Freezing point
	By weight			By volume		15	/15C. (59 F.)		C.		F.
10				9.2			1.013		3.6		25.6
15				13.8			1.019		5.6		22.0
20				18.3			1.026		7.9		17.8
25				23.0			1.033		10.7		12.8
30				28.0			1.040		14.0		6.8
40				37.8			1.053		22.3		8.2
50				47.8			1.067		33.8		28.8
60				58.1			1.079		49.3		56.7
					Freezing point of ethyl alcohol-water mixtures
									Freezing point
	Specific gravity				% alcohol
									C.		F.
	15.6 C. (60	F.)			by volume
0.990					5				1.7		29
0.984					10				3.3		26
0.978					15				6.1		21
0.972					20				8.3		17
0.964					25			11.1			12
0.955					30			14.4			6
0.945					35			17.8			0
0.933					40			18.3			1
0.922					45			18.9			2
0.910					50			20.0			4
0.899					55			21.7			7
0.887					60			23.3			10
0.875					65			24.4			12
0.864					70			26.7			16
0.852					75			32.2			26
0.840					80			41.7			43

† Eveready Prestone	marketed for antifreeze purposes, is 97% ethylene glycol containing fractional percentages of soluble
and insoluble ingredients to	prevent foaming, creepage and water corrosion in automobile cooling systems.

					PHYSICAL	PROPERTIES							5.85
TABLE 5.13			Compositions of Aqueous Antifreeze Solutions (				Continued	)
				Freezing point of propylene glycol-water mixtures*
												Freezing point
	Specific gravity				% glycol
15.6		C. (60	F.)		by volume					C.			F.
		1.004			5				1.1				30
		1.006			10				2.2				28
		1.012			15				3.9				25
		1.017			20				6.7				20
		1.020			25				8.9				16
		1.024			30			12.8					9
		1.028			35			16.1					3
		1.032			40			20.6					5
		1.037			45			26.7					16
		1.040			50			33.3					28
				Freezing point of glycerol-water mixtures†
												Freezing point
	% Glycerol			Specific gravity		Specific gravity
	by weight			15 /15 C. (59	F.)	20 /20 C. (68 F.)						C.	F.
		10		1.02415		1.02395						1.6	29.1
		20		1.04935		1.04880						4.8	23.4
		30		1.07560		1.07470						9.5	14.9
		40		1.10255		1.10135					15.5		4.3
		50		1.12985		1.12845					22.0		7.4
		60		1.15770		1.15605					33.6		28.5
		70		1.18540		1.18355					37.8		36.0
		80		1.21290		1.21090					19.2		2.3
		90		1.23950		1.23755						1.6	29.1
		100		1.26557		1.26362				17.0	62.6
	* Values are for pure alcohol. Since some commercial antifreezes contain small amounts of water, slightly higher volume
concentrations than those given in the table may be required. Antifreezes also contain corrosion inhibitors and other additives to
make them function properly as cooling liquids. These affect freezing point slightly and specific gravity to a greater degree. If
a protection table is furnished by the manufacturer it should be used in preference to the values given above for the pure substance.
	† The values are those reported by Bosart and Snoddy (					Jour. Ind. Eng. Chem.,		19,		506 (1927)), and Lane (			Jour. Ind. Eng.
Chem.,		17, 924 (1925)) but		modified by adding 2	F to all	temperatures	below 0	F in		accordance	with the suggestion		of the
Procter and		Gamble Co.

5.86										SECTION					5
TABLE 5.13			Compositions of Aqueous Antifreeze Solutions (															Continued		)
						Freezing point of magnesium chloride brines
								Freezing point															Freezing point
	% MgCl	2	Spec. grav.														% MgCl		2	Spec. grav.
by weight			15.6	C. (60	F.)			C.		F.						by weight				15.6 C. (60 F.)			C.	F.
5				1.043				3.11		26.4						18				1.161			22.1	7.7
6				1.051				3.89		25.0						19				1.170			25.6	12.2
7				1.060				4.72		23.5						20				1.180			27.4	17.3
8				1.069				5.67		21.8						21				1.190			30.6	23.0
9				1.078				6.67		20.0						22				1.200			32.8	27.0
10				1.086				7.83		17.9						23				1.210			28.9	20.0
11				1.096				9.05		15.7						24				1.220			25.6	14.0
12				1.105				10.5		13.1						25				1.230			23.3	10.0
13				1.114				12.1		10.3						26				1.241			21.1	6.0
14				1.123				13.7		7.3						27				1.251			19.4	3.0
15				1.132				15.6		4.0						28				1.262			18.3	1.0
16				1.142				17.6		0.4						29				1.273			17.2	1.0
17				1.151				19.7		3.5						30				1.283			16.7	2.0
						Freezing point of sodium chloride brines
		Compiled in collaboration with C. D. Looker, Ph.D., International Salt Co., Inc.
								Freezing point														Freezing point
	% NaCl		Spec. grav.													% NaCl				Spec. grav.
by weight			15	C. (59	F.)			C.		F.						by weight				15 C. (59	F.)	C.		F.
0				1.000		0.00			32.0			15							1.112			10.88		12.4
1				1.007				0.58		31.0					16					1.119		11.90		10.6
2				1.014				1.13		30.0					17					1.127		12.93		8.7
3				1.021				1.72		28.9					18					1.135		14.03		6.7
4				1.028				2.35		27.8					19					1.143		15.21		4.6
5				1.036				2.97		26.7					20					1.152		16.46		2.4
6				1.043				3.63		25.5					21					1.159		17.78		0.0
7				1.051				4.32		24.2					22					1.168		19.19		2.5
8				1.059				5.03		22.9					23					1.176		20.69		5.2
9				1.067				5.77		21.6					23.3 (			E	)	1.179		21.13		6.0
10				1.074				6.54		20.2					24					1.184		17.0*		1.4*
11				1.082				7.34		18.8					25					1.193		10.4*		13.3*
12				1.089				8.17		17.3					26					1.201		2.3*		27.9*
13				1.097				9.03		15.7					26.3				1.203		0.0*	32.0*
14				1.104				9.94		14.1
	* Saturation temperatures of sodium chloride dihydrate; at these temperatures NaCl · 2H																				2 O separates leaving the brine of the
eutectic composition (				E ).

5.4.1Propylene Glycol–Glycerol

Propylene glycol, a satisfactory antifreeze with the advantage of being nontoxic, can be combined

with glycerol, also an efficient nontoxic antifreeze, to give a mixture that can be tested for freezing point with an ethylene glycol (Prestone) hydrometer. A mixture of 70% propylene glycol and 30%

glycerol (% by weight of water-free materials), when diluted, can be tested on the standard instrument used for ethylene glycol solutions.