4.24 |
SECTION 4 |
4.3 ELECTRON AFFINITY
TABLE 4.4 Electron Affinities of Atoms, Molecules, and Radicals
Electron affinity of an atom (molecule or radical) is defined as the energy difference between the lowest (ground) state of the neutral and the lowest state of the corresponding negative ion in the gas phase.
A(g) e A (g)
Data are limited to those negative ions which, by virtue of their positive electron affinity, are stable. Uncertainty in the final data figures is given in parentheses. Calculated values are enclosed in brackets.
A. Atoms
|
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|
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Electron affinity, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Atom |
|
in eV |
in kJ · mol |
1 |
|
|
|
|||
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|
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|
|
Aluminum |
|
0.441(10) |
42.5(10) |
|
|
Antimony |
|
1.046(5) |
100.9(5) |
|
|
Arsenic |
|
0.81(3) |
78.(3) |
|
|
Astatine |
|
[2.8(3)] |
[270.(30)] |
|
|
Barium |
|
[0.15] |
[14.] |
|
|
Bismuth |
|
0.946(10) |
91.3(10) |
|
|
Boron |
|
0.277(10) |
26.7(10) |
|
|
Bromine |
|
3.363590(3) |
324.5367(3) |
|
|
Calcium |
|
0.0185(25) |
1.78(24) |
|
|
Carbon |
|
1.2629(3) |
121.85(3) |
|
|
Cesium |
|
0.471626(25) |
45.5048(24) |
|
|
Chlorine |
|
3.61269 |
348.570 |
|
|
Chromium |
|
0.666(12) |
64.3(12) |
|
|
Cobalt |
|
0.662(3) |
63.9(3) |
|
|
Copper |
|
1.235(5) |
119.2(5) |
|
|
Fluorine |
|
3.401190(4) |
328.1638(4) |
|
|
Francium |
|
[0.46] |
[44] |
|
|
Gallium |
|
0.30(15) |
29.(15) |
|
|
Germanium |
|
1.233(3) |
119.0(3) |
|
|
Gold |
|
2.30863(3) |
222.748(3) |
|
|
Hafnium |
|
[ 0.] |
[ 0.] |
|
|
Hydrogen |
|
0.75195(19) |
72.552(18) |
|
|
Hydrogen- |
d 1 deuterium |
0.75459(7) |
72.807(7) |
|
|
Indium |
|
0.3(2) |
29.(2) |
|
|
Iodine |
|
3.05904(1) |
295.151(1) |
|
|
Iridium |
|
1.565(8) |
151.0(8) |
|
|
Iron |
|
0.151(3) |
14.6(3) |
|
|
Lanthanum |
|
[0.5(3)] |
[48.(30)] |
|
|
Lead |
|
0.364(8) |
35.1(8) |
|
|
Lithium |
|
0.6180(5) |
59.63(5) |
|
|
Molybdenum |
|
0.748(2) |
72.2(2) |
|
|
Nickel |
|
1.156(10) |
111.5(10) |
|
|
Niobium |
|
0.893(25) |
86.2(24) |
|
|
Osmium |
|
[0.2(1)] |
[19.(10)] |
|
|
Oxygen |
|
1.4611103(7) |
140.97523(7) |
|
|
Palladium |
|
0.562(5) |
54.2(5) |
|
|
Phosphorus |
|
0.7465(3) |
72.03(3) |
|
|
Platinum |
|
2.128(2) |
205.3(2) |
|
|
Polonium |
|
[1.9(3)] |
[183.(30)] |
|
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|
PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADICALS, AND BONDS |
|
|
|
4.25 |
TABLE 4.4 |
Electron Affinities of Atoms, Molecules, and Radicals ( |
|
Continued |
) |
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|||
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A. Atoms ( continued |
) |
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Electron affinity, |
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Atom |
|
in eV |
in kJ · mol |
1 |
|
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|
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Potassium |
|
|
0.50147(10) |
48.384(10) |
|
|||
Rhenium |
|
|
[0.15(15)] |
[14.(14)] |
|
|||
Rubidium |
|
|
0.48592(2) |
46.884(2) |
|
|||
Ruthenium |
|
|
[1.05(15)] |
[101.(14)] |
|
|||
Scandium |
|
|
0.188(20) |
18.1(19) |
|
|||
Selenium |
|
|
2.020670(25) |
194.9643(24) |
|
|||
Silver |
|
|
|
1.302(7) |
125.6(7) |
|
||
Sodium |
|
|
0.547926(25) |
52.86666(24) |
|
|||
Strontium |
|
|
0.048(6) |
4.6(6) |
|
|||
Sulfur |
|
|
|
2.077104(1) |
200.4094(1) |
|
||
Tantalum |
|
|
0.322(12) |
31.1(12) |
|
|||
Technetium |
|
|
[0.55(20)] |
[53.(19)] |
|
|||
Tellurium |
|
|
1.9708(3) |
190.15(3) |
|
|||
Thallium |
|
|
0.2(2) |
19.(19) |
|
|||
Tin |
|
|
|
1.112(4) |
107.3(4) |
|
||
Titanium |
|
|
0.079(14) |
7.6(14) |
|
|||
Tungsten |
|
|
0.815(2) |
78.6(2) |
|
|||
Vanadium |
|
|
0.525(12) |
50.7(12) |
|
|||
Yttrium |
|
|
0.307(12) |
29.6(12) |
|
|||
Zirconium |
|
|
0.426(14) |
41.1(14) |
|
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B. Molecules |
|
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Electron affinity, |
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|
Molecule |
|
in eV |
in kJ · mol |
1 |
|
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|||
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BF |
3 |
|
|
|
2.65 |
256 |
|
|
BH 3 |
|
|
|
0.038(15) |
3.7(15) |
|
||
1,4-Benzoquinone |
|
|
1.91(10) |
184.(10) |
|
|||
Br |
2 |
|
|
|
2.55(10) |
246.(10) |
|
|
CBrF |
3 |
|
|
0.91(20) |
89.(19) |
|
||
CF |
3I |
|
|
|
1.57(20) |
151.(19) |
|
|
COS |
|
|
|
0.46(20) |
44.(19) |
|
||
CS |
2 |
|
|
|
0.895(20) |
86.3(19) |
|
|
C |
6F 6 hexafluorobenzene |
|
0.52(10) |
50.(10) |
|
|||
1,2-C 6H 4 (NO |
3)2 (also 1,3-) |
1.65(10) |
159.(10) |
|
||||
1,4-C |
6H 4 (NO |
3)2 |
|
2.00(10) |
193.(10) |
|
||
C |
6H 5Br bromobenzene |
|
1.15(11) |
111.(11) |
|
|||
C |
6H 5Cl chlorobenzene |
|
0.82(11) |
79.(11) |
|
|||
C |
6H 5I iodobenzene |
|
|
1.41(11) |
136.(11) |
|
||
C |
6H 5NO 2 nitrobenzene |
|
1.01(10) |
97.(10) |
|
|||
1,4-C |
6H 4 (CN)NO |
2 |
1.72(10) |
166.(10) |
|
|||
Cl |
2 |
|
|
|
2.38(10) |
229.(10) |
|
|
CoH |
2 |
|
|
1.450(14) |
139.9(13) |
|
||
CsCl |
|
|
|
0.455(10) |
43.9(10) |
|
||
CuO |
|
|
|
1.777(6) |
171.5(6) |
|
||
F 2 |
|
|
|
3.08(10) |
297.(10) |
|
||
FeO |
|
|
|
1.493(5) |
144.1(5) |
|
||
I2 |
|
|
|
|
2.55(5) |
246.(5) |
|
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|
|
4.26 |
SECTION |
4 |
|
|
|
|||
TABLE 4.4 |
Electron Affinities of Atoms, Molecules, and Radicals ( |
|
Continued |
) |
|
|||
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B. Molecules ( |
continued |
) |
|
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Electron affinity, |
|
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Molecule |
|
in eV |
in kJ · mol |
1 |
|
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IBr |
|
|
|
|
2.55(10) |
246.(10) |
|
|
IrF |
6 |
|
|
6.5(4) |
627.(40) |
|
||
KBr |
|
|
|
0.642(10) |
61.9(10) |
|
||
KCl |
|
|
|
0.582(10) |
56.1(10) |
|
||
KI |
|
|
|
|
0.728(10) |
70.2(10) |
|
|
LiCl |
|
|
|
|
0.593(10) |
54.3(10) |
|
|
LiH |
|
|
|
|
0.342(12) |
33.0(12) |
|
|
MoO |
|
3 |
|
|
2.9(2) |
280.(20) |
|
|
NO |
|
|
|
|
|
0.026(5) |
2.5(5) |
|
NO |
|
|
2 |
|
|
2.273(5) |
219.3(5) |
|
N |
2O |
|
|
|
0.22(10) |
21.(10) |
|
|
NaBr |
|
|
|
|
0.788(10) |
76.0(10) |
|
|
NaCl |
|
|
|
|
0.727(10) |
70.1(10) |
|
|
NaI |
|
|
|
|
0.865(10) |
83.5(10) |
|
|
NaK |
|
|
|
0.465(30) |
44.9(30) |
|
||
O |
2 |
|
|
|
|
0.451(7) |
43.5(7) |
|
O |
3 |
|
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|
|
2.103(3) |
202.9(9) |
|
OsF |
|
6 |
|
|
6.0(3) |
579.(29) |
|
|
PBr |
|
3 |
|
|
1.59(15) |
153.(14) |
|
|
PCl |
|
3 |
|
|
0.82(10) |
79.(10) |
|
|
PF |
|
5 |
|
|
|
0.75(15) |
72.(14) |
|
POCl |
|
3 |
|
|
1.41(2) |
136.(2) |
|
|
PbO |
|
|
|
|
0.722(6) |
69.7(6) |
|
|
PtF |
6 |
|
|
7.0(4) |
675.(40) |
|
||
RbCl |
|
|
|
|
0.544(10) |
52.5(10) |
|
|
RuF |
|
6 |
|
|
7.5(3) |
724.(28) |
|
|
SF |
|
4 |
|
|
|
1.5(2) |
145.(19) |
|
SF |
|
6 |
|
|
|
1.05(10) |
101.(10) |
|
SO |
|
2 |
|
|
1.107(8) |
106.8(8) |
|
|
SeF |
|
6 |
|
|
2.9(2) |
280.(19) |
|
|
SeO |
|
|
|
|
1.456(20) |
140.5(l9) |
|
|
SeO |
|
2 |
|
|
1.823(50) |
175.9(48) |
|
|
TeF |
|
6 |
|
|
3.34(17) |
322.(16) |
|
|
TeO |
|
|
|
|
1.695(22) |
163.5(21) |
|
|
UF |
6 |
|
|
5.1(2) |
492.(19) |
|
||
V |
4 O |
10 |
|
|
4.2(6) |
405.(60) |
|
|
WO |
|
|
3 |
|
|
3.9(2) |
376.(19) |
|
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C. Radicals |
|
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|
|
Electron affinity, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
Radical |
|
in eV |
in kJ · mol |
1 |
|
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|
|||
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|
||
AsH |
2 |
|
|
1.27(3) |
123.(3) |
|
||
CCl |
|
2 |
|
|
1.591(10) |
153.5(10) |
|
|
CF |
|
2 |
|
|
0.165(10) |
15.9(10) |
|
|
CH |
|
|
|
|
1.238(8) |
119.4(8) |
|
|
CHBr |
|
|
|
1.454(5) |
140.3(5) |
|
||
CHCl |
|
|
|
1.210(5) |
117.5(5) |
|
||
CHF |
|
|
|
|
0.542(5) |
52.3(5) |
|
|
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|
|
PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADICALS, AND BONDS |
|
|
|
|
4.27 |
TABLE 4.4 Electron Affinities of Atoms, Molecules, and Radicals ( |
|
|
Continued |
) |
|
|||||
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C. Radicals ( |
continued |
) |
|
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Electron affinity, |
|
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|
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|
|
Radical |
|
|
in eV |
in kJ · mol |
1 |
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
CHI |
|
|
|
|
1.42(17) |
137.(17) |
|
|||
CHO |
2 |
|
|
|
3.498(5) |
337.5(5) |
|
|||
CH |
2 |
|
|
|
|
0.652(6) |
62.9(6) |
|
||
CH |
2S |
|
|
|
0.465(23) |
44.9(22) |
|
|||
CH |
2 "SiH |
|
|
2.010(10) |
193.9(10) |
|
||||
CH |
3 |
|
|
|
|
0.08(3) |
7.7(3) |
|
||
CH |
3CH |
2O ethoxide |
|
1.726(33) |
166.5(32) |
|
||||
CH |
3O |
|
|
|
1.570(22) |
151.5(21) |
|
|||
CH |
3S |
|
|
|
1.861(4) |
179.6(4) |
|
|||
CH |
3SCH |
2 |
|
|
0.868(51) |
83.7(49) |
|
|||
CH |
3Si |
|
|
|
0.852(10) |
82.2(10) |
|
|||
CH |
3SiH |
2 |
|
|
1.19(4) |
115.(4) |
|
|||
C |
2F 2 difluorovinylidene |
|
2.255(6) |
217.6(6) |
|
|||||
C |
2H |
2 vinylidene |
|
0.490(6) |
47.3(6) |
|
||||
CH |
2 "CH vinyl |
|
0.667(24) |
64.3(23) |
|
|||||
C |
2H |
3O acetaldehyde enolate |
1.82476(12) |
176.062(12) |
|
|||||
CH 3CH 2S |
|
|
1.953(6) |
188.4(6) |
|
|||||
HC #C 9CH 2 |
|
0.893(25) |
86.2(24) |
|
||||||
CH |
3CHCN |
|
|
|
1.247(12) |
120.3(12) |
|
|||
C 2H |
5O ethoxide |
|
1.726(33) |
166.5(31) |
|
|||||
C |
2H |
5S ethyl sulfide |
|
1.953(6) |
188.4(6) |
|
||||
C |
3H |
3 propargyl radical |
|
0.893(25) |
86.2(24) |
|
||||
CH |
3CH |
9CN |
|
1.247(12) |
120.3(12) |
|
||||
C |
3H |
5 allyl |
|
|
0.362(19) |
34.9(18) |
|
|||
C |
3H |
5O acetone enolate |
|
1.758(19) |
169.2(18) |
|
||||
|
|
propionaldehyde enolate |
1.621(6) |
156.4(6) |
|
|||||
C |
3H |
5O 2 methyl acetate enolate |
|
1.80(6) |
174.(6) |
|
||||
C 3H |
7O propoxide |
|
1.789(33) |
172.6(31) |
|
|||||
|
|
isopropyl oxide |
|
1.839(29) |
177.4(28) |
|
||||
C |
3H |
7S propyl sulfide |
|
2.00(2) |
193.(2) |
|
||||
|
|
isopropyl sulfide |
|
2.02(2) |
195.(2) |
|
||||
C |
4 H |
5O cyclobutanone enolate |
1.801(8) |
173.8(8) |
|
|||||
C |
4 H |
7O butyraldehyde enolate |
1.67(5) |
161.(5) |
|
|||||
C 4 H |
9 O |
tert |
-butoxyl |
|
1.912(54) |
184.5(52) |
|
|||
C |
4 H |
9 S butyl sulfide |
|
2.03(2) |
196.(2) |
|
||||
|
|
tert -butyl sulfide |
|
2.07(2) |
200.(2) |
|
||||
C |
5H |
5 cyclopentadienyl |
|
1.804(7) |
174.1(7) |
|
||||
C |
5H |
7 pentadienyl |
|
0.91(3) |
88.(3) |
|
||||
C |
5H |
7O cyclopentanone enolate |
1.598(7) |
154.2(7) |
|
|||||
C |
5H |
9 O 3-pentanone enolate |
1.69(5) |
163.(5) |
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C |
5H |
11 S pentyl sulfide |
|
2.09(2) |
202.(2) |
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C |
6H |
5 phenyl |
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1.096(6) |
105.7(6) |
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C |
6H |
5NH anilide |
|
1.70(3) |
164.(3) |
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C 6H |
5O phenoxyl |
|
2.253(6) |
217.4(6) |
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C 6H |
5S thiophenoxide |
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2.47(6) |
238.(6) |
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C |
6H |
5CH |
2 benzyl |
|
0.912(6) |
88.0(6) |
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C |
6H |
5CH |
2O benzyl oxide |
|
2.14(2) |
206.(2) |
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C |
6H |
9 O cyclohexanone enolate |
1.526(10) |
147.2(10) |
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H 2C |
"CH |
9CH "CH 9CH "CH 9CH 2 heptatrienyl |
|
1.27(3) |
122.(3) |
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CN |
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3.862(4) |
372.6(4) |
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