- •4. Properties of Atoms, Radicals, and Bonds
- •4.1 Elements
- •4.2 Ionization Energy
- •4.3 Electron Affinity
- •4.4 Electronegativity
- •4.5 Bond Lengths and Strengths
- •4.5.1 Atom Radius
- •4.5.2 Ionic Radii
- •4.5.3 Covalent Radii
- •Table 4.7 Covalent Radii for Atoms
- •4.6 Bond and Group Dipole Moments
- •4.7 Molecular Geometry
- •4.8 Nuclides
- •Table 4.16 Table of Nuclides
- •4.9 Work Function
- •Table 4.18 Relative Abundances of Naturally Occurring Isotopes
4.34 |
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SECTION 4 |
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TABLE 4.6 |
Atom Radii and Effective Ionic Radii of Elements ( |
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Continued |
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Effective ionic radii, pm |
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Atom |
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Coordination number |
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radius, |
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Ion |
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Element |
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pm |
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charge |
4 |
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6 |
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8 |
12 |
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Tantalum |
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4 |
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68 |
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(continued |
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5 |
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64 |
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74 |
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Technetium |
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136 |
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4 |
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64.5 |
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5 |
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60 |
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7 |
37 |
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56 |
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Tellurium |
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142 |
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2 |
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221 |
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4 |
66 |
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97 |
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6 |
43 |
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56 |
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Terbium |
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177.3 |
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3 |
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92.3 |
104.0 |
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4 |
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76 |
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88 |
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Thallium |
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170 |
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1 |
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150 |
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159 |
170 |
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3 |
75 |
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88.5 |
98 |
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Thorium |
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179 |
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4 |
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94 |
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105 |
121 |
Thullium |
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175.9 |
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2 |
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103 |
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3 |
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88.0 |
99.4 |
105* |
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Tin |
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151 |
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2 |
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118 |
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4 |
55 |
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69.0 |
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81 |
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Titanium |
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147 |
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2 |
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86 |
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3 |
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67.0 |
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4 |
42 |
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60.5 |
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74 |
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Tungsten |
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139 |
4 |
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66 |
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5 |
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62 |
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6 |
42 |
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60 |
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Uranium |
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156 |
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3 |
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102.5 |
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4 |
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89 |
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100 |
117 |
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5 |
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76 |
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6 |
52 |
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73 |
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86 |
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Vanadium |
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134 |
2 |
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79 |
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3 |
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64.0 |
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4 |
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58 |
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72 |
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5 |
35.5 |
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54 |
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Xenon |
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8 |
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40 |
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48 |
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Ytterbium |
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193.3 |
2 |
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102 |
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114 |
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3 |
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86.8 |
98.5 |
104* |
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Yttrium |
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180 |
3 |
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90.0 |
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101.9 |
108* |
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Zinc |
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134 |
2 |
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60 |
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74.0 |
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90 |
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Zirconium |
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160 |
4 |
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59 |
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72 |
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84 |
89* |
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* CN |
11 |
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4.5.2Ionic Radii
One of the major factors in determining the structures of the substances that can be thought of as made up of cations and anions packed together is ionic size. It is obvious from the nature of wave functions that no ion has a precisely defined radius. However, with the insight afforded by electron