Л.А. Бердюгина Английский язык. Контрольные работы для студентов заочной формы обучения
.pdf2.New York is a city of five districts. They are Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond.The heart of the city is Manhattan. It is a rocky island, thirteen miles long and two miles wide. Manhattan is the smallest of the five city districts in size, and it is not the largest in population. It covers an area of about 54 square miles and has a population of not more than 2,000,000. There are many skyscrapers, the Empire State Building, Rockefeller Center, tremendous traffic, neon advertisements, Central Park, Times Square, Harlem in Manhattan.
3.There are eleven avenues and about three hundred streets there. The most fashionable is the Fifth Avenue. It divides Manhatten into two equal parts. All streets have the word “ East” or “West” before the number. This makes very easy to find any address north of Washington Square where the Fifth Avenue begins. The only exception is Broadway. It is not at all straight, it bends all along the length of Manhatten.The most southern tip of Manhattan is called the Battery. Farther out in the bay stands the bronze Statue of Liberty. France presented it to the USA in 1886.
4.Brooklyn has more people than any other part of the city - about 3,000,000. It is mostly a district of quiet, middle-class homes. Few people realize, however, that most of New York`s ocean shipping docks are in Brooklyn. It is the largest naval shipbuilding center in the world.
5.Richmond is a district of piers and warehouses. Its population is only 200,000. The Bronx is more residential, rather than industrial part of the city. The well-known Zoo and Botanical Gardens are in the Bronx.
6.Queens is both residential and industrial area. New York`s two biggest airports are in Queens too. In addition to long-distance flights, there are also special flights over the city.
VII. Прочитайте 5 и 6-й абзацы текста и вопрос к ним. Из приведенных вариантов укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:
Which district has the largest population?
1. Richmond has the population less than 2mln people.
2.The population of Brooklyn is more than 3 mln people.
3.The population of Richmond is less than that of Brooklyn.
ВАРИАНТ IV
I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются все слова с окончанием –s и какую функцию
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это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
-показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
-признаком множественного числа имени существительного:
-показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. The car’s four-wheel control system is reliable.
2.The assistant makes these experiments every week.
3.These sensors control the work of an engine.
II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, учитывая особенности перевода определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. Accurate pressure characteristics are very important for this chemical process.
2.These production lines reguire considerable changes.
3.A two hour discussion was very useful to him.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их.
1. This was the largest power station in the country.
2.The less you read, the less you know.
3.He is the best specialist in his field.
IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.
1. There are some dangerous chemical substances.
2.Do you know the names of any car designers?
3.No progress is possible without new discoveries in this field.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения.
1. А unique conveyer system simplifies the machine parts assembly.
2.They paid much attention to the problem of house heating.
3.This kind of control will help to operate the production process.
VI. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 1,3,4 и 5-й абзацы.
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|
Пояснения к тексту |
frequent |
- частый |
rarely |
- редко |
network |
- сеть |
empty |
- пустой |
A VISIT TO LONDON
1. London with its suburbs, the great centre of commerce, administration and culture, contains more than 15% of all British people, and more than Scotland and Wales together. London is a truly remarkable city, a melting pot of all nations.
2. Tourism plays an important part in the British economy as foreign visitors spend more money in Britain than British people spend in other countries. In summer London is full of foreign visitors. The million or so inhabitants from the West India, Africa and Asia contribute much to the new atmosphere of London.
3. The reputation of the British weather worldwide is quite astonishing. Statistics, however, shows that the climate is very moderate. There are no heavy rainfalls, the winter is not very cold and the summer is not very hot. The sun is not a frequent visitor to these islands, and all the seasons are variable. A bad day in July may be as cold as a mild day in January, but temperatures rarely fall below zero.
4. London a city of monuments, history and tradition. Trafalgar Square has its name in commemoration of Nelson’s great victory. In the middle stands the famous Nelson Column with the statue of Nelson 170 feet high. The column stands in the geographical centre of the city. It is one of the best open air platform for public meetings and demonstrations. 5. White Hall is the street of Britain’s Ministries. It runs between Parliament Square and Trafalgar Square. Not far away there is a small unim-
pressive street, but everyone knows it: the Prime Minister has |
his official |
residence there at number 10 Downing Street. |
. 6. The |
City which is the centre of Britain’s banks and firms, occupies only the smallest part of London. Over a million people enter the City in the day-
time on business. At night it is practically empty. |
. 7. |
London is full of surprises. There are a lot of double deckers, and the traffic keeps to the left. London’s tube network is most confusing. Even with a map it is difficult to navigate. Trains do not have any exact schedule.
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During rush hours big crowds gather. London is the mixture of very old, not so old, and new.
VII. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:
Is it difficult to navigate in London’s tube? 1. It is not difficult.
2.It is easy.
3.It is not easy.
ВАРИАНТ V
I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются все слова с окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
-показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
-признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
-показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. They were very tired after а 200 miles' drive.
2.This scientist uses computers for many different purposes.
3.Concrete consists of a mixture of cement, sand and water.
II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, учитывая особенности перевода определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. These space flight requirements are very important.
2.The effect of laser radiation on various materials has a considerable importance.
3.Engineers maintain the same temperature level during the experiment.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их.
1. Motor-cycles are more noisy than motor cars.
2.The better you know safety rules, the safer you are.
3.This is the latest edition of the book.
IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.
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1. There were some famous scientists at the conference.
2.They made no changes in the working plan.
3.Does he have any problems in this field of science?
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения.
1. The study of the universe will be of great practical use for the study of our own planet.
2.The workers installed new equipment in the laboratory.
3.The manufacturer wants to reduce noise emission of the equipment.
VI. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 4 и 5-й
абзацы. |
Пояснения к тексту |
|
|
law |
- закон, право |
rank |
- занимать место |
enterprise |
- предприятие |
|
CANADA |
1. Canada occupies the largest part of the North American continent north of the US except Alaska. Its total land area of more than 9 mln sq. km makes it the second largest country in the world. The capital of Canada is Ottawa.
2.Most of northern Canada has subarctic or arctic climates, with long cold winters and short sunny summers. In contrast, the populated south has a variety of climatological landscapes.
3.The total population according to the 1981 census was about 24 mln people with the average population density of 2.8 per square kilometer. There are two official languages in Canada: English and French. They have equal status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all governmental institutions.
4.Canada is a federation of 10 provinces and 2 northern territories. The federal Parliament counsists of the House of Commons and the Senate. The leader of the party that wins the largest number of seats in the House of Commons forms the government. The civil law follows English common law everywhere except in Quebec, where it follows the Napoleonic Code.
5.Canada is a world leader in the production of asbestos, nickel and different
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other elements. It ranks first in the world in export of minerals. Although no longer the foremost sector of the economy, agriculture is of major importance to the economy as a whole and still is basic in many areas. Canada is among the world's leading wheat producers and is second in the export of wheat.
6. Basically, Canada has a free-enterprise economy. One of the problems for Canada is the dominant position of US corporations and investors.
VII. Прочтите 3-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:
Which language has more rights in Canada: English or French? 1. English has more privileges than French.
2.English has less rights than French.
3.English and French have the same rights.
Контрольное задание №2
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка.
1. Видовременные формы глагола:
а) активный залог – формы Simple (Indefinite): Present, Past, Future; формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);
б) пассивный залог – формы Simple (Indefinite): Present, Past, Future.
Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык. 2. Модальные глаголы:
а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), may (might) и их эквиваленты: to be able to, to be allowed to;
б) модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование: must,
его эквиваленты to have to и to be to; should.
3.Неличные формы глагола: Participle I, Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства.
Образец выполнения 1 (к упр.I).
1. This factory produces |
Эта фабрика производит |
|
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apparatuses for laboratories. аппараты для лаборатории. produces – Present Indefinite Active от глагола to produce
2. He was given the most |
Ему дали самое сложное |
difficult task. |
задание. |
was given – Past Indefinite Passive от глагола to give.
Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II)
1. The plan containing many План, содержащий множество details was very interesting деталей, был очень интересным. containing – Participle I, определение.
2. When asked this qustion, |
Когда нам задали этот вопрос, |
we couldn’t answer it. |
мы не смогли на него ответить. |
(when) asked – Participle II, обстоятельство. |
|
Образец выполнения 3 (к упр. Ш) |
|
We had to walk because |
Нам пришлось идти пешком, |
the last bus had gone. |
т.к. последний автобус ушёл. |
ВАРИАНТ I
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции.
1. Now scientists and engineers know how to produce hard materials synthetically.
2.Twelve years of research in the field of chemistry and archaeology have given quite a definite answer.
3.The scientists were offered new themes for research.
4.This instrument is preferred to all others because of its great reliability.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и укажите, являются ли они определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.
1. The channel linking the two seas is being built now.
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2.The new materials recommended for bridge construction were described in the article written by our professor.
3.Having obtained all the necessary results they stopped their experimental work.
4.One of the most noticeable features of air transport development is rapid increase in the quantities of goods carried.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.
1.Every engineer must know at least one foreign language. 2.We were to send his letter of recommendation by air mail. 3.The use of this technique can explain some strange facts. 4.The necessary minerals could be found everywhere.
IV. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 2-й и 3-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту transmitter - микрофон
receiver - трубка
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
1. Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh in 1847. His father was a world-famous teacher of speech and the inventor of a system which he called “Visible Speech”. It helped deaf persons to pronounce words they could not hear. Alexander chose the same profession, and as his father became a teacher of the deaf, he moved to the USA and began to teach deaf children to speak. At the same time he worked at improving his father’s invention.
2.In 1866, the nineteen-year-old Bell started thinking about sending tones by telegraph. It was then that there came to his mind the idea of the “harmonic telegraph”, which would send musical tones electrically from one place to another. Bell was not a scientist. So he had to give all his energy and time to one thing only — knowledge of electricity. There was little time for rest and little time to eat. Hour after hour, day and night he and his friend Watson worked at testing and experimenting with the telephone. Sometimes it worked and sometimes it did not.
3.“We have to do something to make our telephone work better,” Bell used to say again and again. At last they decided to try a new kind of transmitter.
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The new transmitter was set in Bell’s bedroom. Watson was sitting in the laboratory. He put his ear to the receiver and was waiting. Suddenly he heard Bell’s voice. And not the voice only but the words too. “Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.” It was on the 10th of March, 1876. Alexander Graham Bell had invented the telephone. In a few years there were telephones all over the world. In 1915, the first transcontinental telephone line was opened. Graham Bell, a very old man now, sat in New York at a desk with a telephone before him, while his friend Watson was listening more than three hundred thousand miles away in San Francisco. People were interested what speech Bell had prepared for that great day, on which the telephone invented by him was to carry sound from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific.
4. Bell was sitting in a big hall; there were many people in it. Everyone expected to hear a serious, scientific speech. Suddenly everybody heard his clear voice as he spoke into his old transmitter, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.” He repeated the words which he had said almost forty years ago. Much to the amusement of the people Watson answered, “I would be glad to come, but it would take me a week.”
V. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос. Из приведенных вариантов укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What did Bell say on the opening of the transcontinental telephone line? 1. He said nothing.
2.He repeated the words he had said almost forty years before.
3.He prepared a serious scientific speech.
ВАРИАНТ II
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции.
1. When an airplane moves through the atmosphere, the air resists its movement.
2.The work was going on according to the schedule.
3.The radio signals were reflected from the surface of Venus and came back to the Earth.
4.The development of automated control systems will be accompanied by mechanization and automation of the key production processes.
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II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и укажите, являются ли они определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.
1. The metric or decimal system is the international system of measures and weights based on the meter and the kilogramme.
2.Having loaded the goods, the workers left the port.
3.A platinum cylinder known as the kilogramme was declared to be the standard for 1000 grammes.
4.When studying elements Mendeleyev found that they could be divided into nine groups.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.
1. The amount of friction can be reduced even more with ball or roller bearings with some grease as lubrication.
2.The meeting was to be attended by the representatives of fifteen European countries.
3.When are we to visit the laboratories of the Institute?
4.Care must be taken to ensure that the welted surfaces are clean, for dirt will weaken the weld.
IV. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й абзац.
|
Пояснения к тексту |
priest |
– священник |
inhabitant |
– житель(ница) |
to hail |
– провозглашать |
alert |
– живой, проворный |
inquiring |
– пытливый |
avid reader |
– человек, читающий запоем |
endeavour |
– попытка, старание, усилие |
I.P. PAVLOV, THE NOBEL PRIZE WINNER
1. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, a son of a poor priest, was born in Ryazan, in Russia, September 14, 1849. Pavlov was one of a large family of eleven children, six of whom died very young.The inhabitants of Ryazan and even his
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