Л.А. Бердюгина Английский язык. Контрольные работы для студентов заочной формы обучения

1. Сложные формы инфинитива (Passive Infinitive, Perfect Infinitive).

Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям, объектный инфинитивный оборот, субъектный инфинитивный оборот.

2.Причастие (Participle I, II). Независимый причастный оборот.

3.Условные предложения.

Образец выполнения 1 (к упр. I)

1. The Central bank is known	Известно, что Центробанк исполь-
to have used reserve re-	зует механизм резервных требова-
quirements.	ний.
2. He is believed to have read	Полагают, что он прочитал эту кни-
this book in English.	гу на английском языке.
3. We need the stock to be is-	Нам необходимо, чтобы акции были
sued by February.	выпущены к февралю.

Образец выполнения 2 (к упр.II)

1. Countries wishing to cooperate with us will always find the necessary understanding.

Страны, желающие сотрудничать с нами, всегда найдут должное понимание.

2.Having been invented centuries ago money serves as a good means of payment.

Изобретенные столетия назад, деньги служат хорошим средством платежа.

3.It was a major experiment,

scientists from different Это был крупный эксперимент, countries taking part in it. причем (и) в нем принимали уча-

стие ученые разных стран.

Образец выполнения 3 (к упр.Ш)

1. If your work is done properly, you will get the best results.

2.If we had obtained a large investment capital, we would move business to an-

Если твоя работа будет выполнена должным образом, ты получишь лучший результат.

Если бы мы обладали большим инвестиционным капиталом, мы разместили бы свое дело в какой-

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other country.

либо другой стране.

3.It would be impossible to Без применения новых методов complete the work in two вычисления мы не могли бы за-

days, unless we used new	кончить работу за два дня.
calculations.

ВАРИАНТ №I

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Помните, что сложные формы инфинитива и инфинитивного оборота соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. The company was reported to have made great losses last year.

2.The problem to be discussed in detail is very important.

3.We singed the contract on the project to be constructed soon.

II.Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.

1.Details having been discussed, the researchers continue the experiment.

2.Having made a special arrangement with the bank, we were allowed to borrow large sums of money.

3.The new calculations being used, I am sure to complete the work in two weeks

III.Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.

1.If you don’t have sufficient funds, it will be impossible to robotize the production.

2.If she gave me the text I should have translated it by Monday

3.It would be impossible to control the production, unless we used a computer.

IV. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 1, 2, 3, 4–й абзацы текста.

	Пояснения к тексту
goods	- товары
account	- счет
value	- ценность
employer	- работодатель
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purchasing power	- покупательская способность
accept	- принимать
take up space	- занимать место
	MONEY

1. Money has various uses in the modern world. It is a measure of the value of goods and services, a means of exchanging such goods and services and a way to store up purchasing power so that one can use it later. As a measure of value, it is of the greatest use. If I work in an office, how can my employer know what to pay me for my services if there is no generally recognized measure of value? He may decide to pay me a certain number of loaves of bread each week. But then I shall have to exchange some of these loaves for other things that I need. How am I to know how many loaves of bread I should give for a pair of shoes or for the rent of my house, for example? Money gives us a very useful means of measuring such relative values.

2.Money is also of very great use as a means of exchanging goods and services. If, for example, I am a shoe-maker, it will not be at all convenient to me, if I always have to exchange the shoes for other goods or services. A doctor may want to buy a pair of shoes from me, for example, but I may not need medical care. So he will then have to find something else that I want, or look for another shoe-maker who needs him. Without money the taxcollector would come back to his office with an extraordinary collection of objects.

3.Considered as a means of storing up purchasing power, money has good and bad points. It can more easily be kept a long time than such things as food, which rots, or buildings, which slowly fall to pieces, or machines, which rust. It takes up very little space, and if you put it in a bank, it is as safe as anything in this world can be.

4.But modern money has some very serious disadvantages as means of storing up purchasing power. In the old days, when money was in the form of gold and silver coins, the metal in each was really worth the amount stamped on the coin. But the paper in modern paper money and even the metal in most modern coins are worth very much less than the amount written on them. As a result, the purchasing power of modern money can change very greatly in a short time.

5.In old times many things were used for money. The ancient Romans used salt. In prisons captured soldiers used cigarettes as a very effective form of

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money. ... It is not surprising, therefore, that some people are doubtful about the wisdom of saving money.

V. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и ответьте на следующий вопрос: What may be defined as money?

ВАРИАНТ II

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Помните, что сложные формы инфинитива и инфинитивного оборота соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. We expected the delegates to be arriving soon.

2.This country is said to be driving towards European integration.

3.The scientist is famous enough to be awarded by the Prize.

II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.

1. Productivity increases if compared to 90’s, transporting problems having been solved.

2.Having analysed the results of our work we came to a strange conclusion.

3.All the details having been discussed, they decided to test this method in practice.

III. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.

1. Man can really build his own life, if he makes his choice.

2.If the process requirements were filfulled, our new control system would be used on a wide scale.

3.We should have signed a contract, if the company has given a good discount.

IV. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 –й абзацы текста.

	Пояснения к тексту
medium of exchange	– средство обмена
change	– сдача
perishables	– скоропортящийся товар
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denomination	– стоимость, достоинство
scarce	– в ограниченном количестве

FUNCTIONS OF MONEY

If money is doing its job, it will perform the following functions:

1. Medium of Exchange. With money a woodcutter wishing to buy shoes doesn’t have to find a shoemaker who wants wood. Or, to use a modern example, a welder wanting a pair of shoes does not have to find a shoestore that needs some welding. The welder can sell services to anyone because the money that he receives, will also be accepted by owner of the shoestore. He in his turn will exchange it for the things he wants. In this way money serves as a medium of exchange.

2.Standard of Value. Money provides us with a convenient standard by which the value of different items may be expressed. Thus we can tell that one thing sold for a dollar is equal in value to twenty packs of chewing gum sold for five cents each. All goods and services can be measured by a unit of money.

3.Store of Value. Money provides a store of value because a person can take the money and store, saving it for future use. This is not always possible with barter, because derishables cannot be saved.

4.Necessary Qualities of Money. Anything can be called money if it is generally accepted by society. Experience has shown, however, that money being a good medium of exchange, will possess the following characteristics. Money should be durable, or it should have the ability to stand up under use.. It also should be light enough to be carried. Money should be capable of being divided into change.

5.Uniformity. Every unit of money should be similar to every other unit of that denomination. Money should be identifiable being easily recognized as such by everyone who sees it. In order to be usable, money should be scarce. If it is too easily obtainable, people are seemed to pay whatever price is asked and prices would continiously rise.

V. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос.

Why do the prices continuously rise?

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ВАРИАНТ III

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. The scientist is said to have repeated this experiment.

2.To own a company seems to be a great responsilility.

3.She was sorry to have missed two lectures on economics.

II.Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.

1.The situation in our energy complex has been solved, overloads having been eliminated.

2.The delegation was long expected, having studied the specific goals of its arrival.

3.Metal is widely used in different branches, being one of the main materials.

III.Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.

1.If you don’t work properly, you will never get better results.

2.If I were you, I would put the money in the bank. .

3.If you had worked hard last year, you would have known English better.

IV. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 –й абзацы текста.

	Пояснения к тексту
network	- сеть (финансовых институтов)
financial intermediary	- финансовый посредник
liability	- обязательство
to make loans	- производить займы
borrow	- брать взаймы
brokerage house	- брокерская биржа

MODERN BANKING SYSTEM

1. Money is continiously in use. Individuals recieve money in the form of salaries and wages in order to spend them on goods and services. This process of moving money from person to person and business to business is facilitated by a network of financial institutions. Although differing in their

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cilitated by a network of financial institutions. Although differing in their specific services, financial institutions provide two main things: they attract depositors and then lend some of the money to other customers. The main role of banks is to be a financial intermediary bringing lenders and borrowers together.

2.The participants in banking system include state banks, commercial banks, credit unions, brokerage houses, insurance companies and so on. Commercial banks are financial intermediaries with a government licence to make loans and issue deposits, including operations within credit and cheque system.

3.A commercial bank borrows money from the public, crediting them with a deposit. Money having been owed to depositors is a liability of the bank. In turn the bank lends money to firms, households or governments wishing to borrow.

4.The general principle of banking system is to attract depositors. In order to do that they can offer interest and such services as deposit insurance. We must mention that now the basis of competition to be held among all financial institutions is toward interest rates.

5.Banks are not the only financial intermediaries. Insurance companies, pension funds are the part of money exchange and other money handling services, for societies to take in or relend money. Some of their liabilities are: to be used as a means of payment, and they are, therefore, part of the money stock.

V. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос.

What financial institutions are also the part of money stock?

ВАРИАНТ IV

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Помните, что сложные формы инфинитива и инфинитивного оборота соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. The Coca-Cola Company is known to distribute soft drinks all over the world.

2.The package to be ordered is very important for us.

3.Financial projects predict this business to be doing well in future.

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II.Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого причастного оборота.

1.Having received payment the IBM Company will send you these computers.

2.You might dream of going to London, your English having been much better.

3.It would not be complicated to expand your business, new credits having been got.

III.Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.

1.If you start a new business, you must draw a business plan.

2.If the prices were rising, the production of goods would tend to rise too. 3.The products would have been a success all over the world, if they had

been sold well in the USA.

IV. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 –й абзацы текста.

	Пояснения к тексту
installation	– установление
interest	– процент по вкладу
deregulation	– смещение акцента вмешательства
	центра в экономику
bill	– счет
contribute	– относить
facilitate	– оснастить
by instalments	– в рассрочку
cost price	– цена производства
brokerage house	– брокерская биржа

CREDIT CARD SYSTEM

1. The process of moving money from person to person and business to business is a matter of different financial institutions. The participants in banking system include state banks, commercial banks, brokerage houses, insurance companies, pension funds and so on.

2. Installment of CREDIT CARD system is one of the newer services offered by banks and related financial institutions. Nowadays, it comes to play an

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important part in economic processes. It is not only a convenience for customers, it is also an immense stimulus to trade industry. For instance ,

if you are buying a car, a refrigerator, or a TVset, this form of services will be quite useful for you. In Britain it is widely used to meet rapid growth in the sales of consumer goods.

3.The most commonly used system is: a customer obtains the goods first and pays for them by easy instalments over a given period of time, usually between nine months and three years. In this case he is charged interest. He does not buy the goods at cost price.CREDIT CARD system is a modern variety, well established in the USA and Europe. CREDIT CARD is a numbered plastic card bearing the holder’s signature. It is issued by several banking organizations to those people, who are regarded as good financial clients. This does not mean, they have to be millionaires. The essential requirements are regular income and financial stability.

4.The CREDIT CARD holders in Britain are probably people of professional status – teachers, doctors, engineers, businessmen and so on. A credit ceiling is given to each customer, depending on his income. Instead of paying cash he presents a card and signs a credit note. At the end of a month the credit card organization sends him the total bill run up. Interest of around 1,5 % a month is on the balance, thus providing a customer with an extended credit.

5.The biggest CREDIT CARD organization in Britain is operated by the biggest clearing bank, Barclays, in conjunction with an American banking organization. The CREDIT CARD method is spreading. Credit cards are undoubtedly a useful facility. By reducing the amount of cash a person has to carry, they also help to reduce the chances of loss or theft.

ВАРИАНТ V

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Помните, что сложные формы инфинитива и инфинитивного оборота соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1.This company is said to begin producing cars.

2.The secretary wants these letter to be typed and sent today.

3.To have kept the price high, the compani had to put limit on output.

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II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого причастного оборота.

1. After World War II many countries developed rapidly creating millions of jobs, expanding production, increasing export.

2.The houses are comfortable now, the new technologies having been used.. 3.The experiment would be a success, new methods being presented.

III. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.

1. If the advertising department is doing well, we will make promotion to new products.

2.If the Company needed raising capital for expansion, it would issue new shares.

3.If the domestic economy had been based on output and export of consumer goods, it would have experienced growth.

IV. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 –й абзацы текста.

	Пояснения к тексту
taxpayer	– налогоплательщик
income tax	– налог на доход

TAXATION

1. Everyone knows, that taxation is necessary in a modern state. Without taxation it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen, the workers in government offices who look after our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves, and also the ministers and members of parliament who govern the country for us.

2.But though taxation is known to be necessary, different people have different ideas about how taxation should be arranged. Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year? Or should there be a tax on things that people buy and sell? If the first kind of taxation is used, should everyone pay the same tax, whether he is rich or poor? If the second kind of taxation is preferred, should everything be taxed equally?

3.In most countries exists a direct tax on persons, which is called "income tax". Individuals and small private companies pay "income tax". Corporations pay corporation taxes. It is arranged in such a way, that the poorest peo-

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