Л.А. Бердюгина Английский язык. Контрольные работы для студентов заочной формы обучения

own family had no idea that one day Pavlov would be hailed as one of the greatest scientists of modern times.

2.At an early age, Pavlov showed that he had an alert and inquiring mind. He was an avid reader. He was also fond of working in the family garden and of watching the plants and flowers grow. Pavlov decided that his interest lay in science, and he went to the University of St. Petersburg. He then studied medicine at the Military Medical Academy of St. Petersburg. He received his medical degree in 1883. In 1884 Pavlov was appointed lecturer in physiology and the next two years he spent in Germany continuing his studies. Pavlov returned to St. Petersburg and, in 1890, was appointed professor of physiology at the Army Medical Academy and director of the physiology department of the Institute for Experimental Medicine at St. Petersburg.

3.Pavlov always thought that he did his most important work after the research which earned him the Nobel Prize. It was in these later years that he discovered the “conditioned reflex” and, in doing so, made his greatest contribution to science. Pavlov won many honours during his lifetime. He became, in 1907, one of the four scientific members of the Academy of St. Petersburg and in the same year the British Royal Society made him a foreign member. After the First World War, he was made a director of the Russian Institute of Experimental Medicine. In 1928 he was made an honorary member of the Royal College of Physicians in London. In the closing years of his life and work, Pavlov became interested in psychiatry.

4.Pavlov’s death on February 27, 1936, at the age of 86, cut short his experiments in trying to understand the human mind. Yet his years of untiring work have left mankind a rich legacy of knowledge and a promising startingpoint for further discoveries and endeavour.

V. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и вопрос. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите предложение, содержащее правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

When was Pavlov made an honorary member of the Royal College of physicians in London?

1. In 1920 he was made an honorary member of the Royal College of Physicians in London.

2.In 1930 he was made an honorary member of the Royal College of Physicians in London.

3.In 1928 he was made an honorary member of the Royal College of Physicians in London.

20

ВАРИАНТ III

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции.

1. In 1897 Rudolf Diesel invented a new internal combustion engine.

2.The force of gravity pulls things towards the Earth’s center.

3.In an automated factory control is performed by machines.

4.This is the principle the electronic computer is based on.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и укажите, являются ли они определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.

1. Petrol is the fuel used in jet engines.

2.The figures mentioned in his report were published in the latest scientific journal.

3.Having finished the experiment they left the laboratory.

4.The professor told the students about the experiment now being carried on in the laboratory of the institute.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.

1. The laboratory was to make important scientific experiment in a very short time.

2.You needn’t keep your activities in secret.

3.The engineer could correct the program during the test of the engine.

4.We can feed the oil into the bearing in several ways.

IV. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2 и 3-й абзацы текста.

Пояснения к тексту

to finish school with honours	- окончить школу с отличием
to take charge of smb or smth	- принимать руководство,
	осуществлять контроль
to head the chair	-возглавлять кафедру
colliery	- каменноугольный рудник
to be decorated	- быть награжденным
	21

A. M. TERPIGOREV (1873 — 1959)

1. Academician A. M. Terpigorev is a well-known mining engineer who successfully combined his practical experience with scientific researсh. He was born in 1873 in Tambov. In 1892 he finished school with honours and decided to get a higher education. He chose the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg, passed all the entrance exams successfully and became a student of the Mining Institute.

2.At the Institute he studied the full range of subjects relating to metallurgy, mining and mining mechanics. At that time students’ specialization was based on descriptive courses and elementary practical training. One of the best lecturers was A. P. Karpinsky. His lectures on historical geology were very interesting. During his practical training A. M. Terpigorev visited mines and saw that the miner’s work was very difficult. In the Donbas he collected material for his graduation paper which he was to prepare and defend. It dealt with the mining of flat seams in the Donbas.

3.In 1897 A. M. Terpigorev graduated from the Mining Institute and was awarded a first-class diploma and a degree of Mining Engineer. From 1900 till 1922 A. M. Terpigorev was working at the Yekaterinoslav Mining Institute ( now the Mining Institute of Dnepropetrovsk). In 1922 A. M. Terpigorev accepted an offer to take charge of the mining chair at the Moscow Mining Academy and moved to Moscow. From 1930 he headed the chairs of Mining Transport and Mining of Bedded Deposits at the Moscow Mining Institute.

4.Academician A. M. Terpigorev took a particular interest in mine safety. As a result of the investigations he was carrying out in the Donbas at the beginning of the century, he worked out a series of safety measures in gassy collieries. For a long time he was working at the problem of fire damp, the most harmful and dangerous of all the gases in mine air.

5.His two volume work Coal Mining and Mine Transport Facilities is a complete description of the state of the mechanization and the economy of the Donbas. His other works deal with mining transport facilities, mechanization of coal mining and mining machinery. He is one of the pioneers in scientific methods of coal gasification. A. M. Terpigorev’s activities include his work as a public figure. Many times he was decorated with Government orders. Academician A. M. Terpigorev, B. I. Boky and other prominent scientists made a great contribution to the developement of mining. They layed the foundation of the Russian science of the mining.

22

V. Прочтите 4-й абзац текста и вопрос. Из приведенных ниже вариантов укажите предложение, содержащее правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What did A. M. Terpigorev take a particular interest in?

1. A. M. Terpigorev took a particular interest in the developement of mining.

2.A. M. Terpigorev took a particular interest in mine safety.

3.A. M. Terpigorev took a particular interest in mining transport facilities.

ВАРИАНТ IV

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции.

1. Some ideas of rapid air transportation are on the drawing boards.

2.Most of the advances in air transportation will materialize within the next few years.

3.All commercial banks are involved in lending money to suitable businesses.

4.The load was lifted by means of a crane.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и укажите, являются ли они определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.

1. Metallurgists studying a new class of alloys have produced a very durable alloy which is being used in aircraft and rocket engineering.

2.The explanation given was not complete.

3.When burnt coal produces heat.

4.Being obtained in the laboratory the new substance had some valuable properties.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.

1. We can reach any point on the globe from any other point through tunnels deep in the earth.

2. Marie Curie had to use an old store-room at the University as her laboratory because she was refused a better room.

23

3.Many physical phenomena could never be explained without the Theory of Relativity.

4.A man who designs buildings and makes the plans for them must not forget the sort of material to be used in the building; this may be stone, brick,

wood or steel and concrete.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2 и 3-й абзацы.

	Пояснения к тексту
explosive	- взрывчатое вещество
landmine	- мина, фугас
interest	- процент
abolition	- отмена

ALFRED NOBEL - A MAN OF CONTRASTS

1. Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was a son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire, a scientist who cared for literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but led a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad when remained alone. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him, a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone in a foreign country.

2. He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Emmanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Emmanuel Nobel invented the landmine and got plenty of money for it from government orders during the Crimean War, but then, quite suddenly went bankrupt. Most of the family went back to Sweden in 1859. Four years later Alfred returned there too, beginning his own study of explosives in his father’s laboratory. It occurred that he had never been to school or University but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skilful chemist and excellent linguist having mastered Swedish, Russian, German, French and English.

3. Nobel was never really concerned about making money or even making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for the sense of life, and from his youth had taken an interest in literature and philosophy. Probably because he could not find ordinary human love, he never married, he began to care deeply about the whole mankind. His famous will, in which

24

he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, economics, literature and promotion of world peace is a memorial to his interests and ideals.

4. According to Nobel’s will the capital was to be safely invested to form a fund. The interest of this fund is to be distributed annually in the form of prizes to those who, during the previous year did work of the greatest use to mankind within the field of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, economics, literature and to the person who has done the most for brotherhood between nations, for the abolition or reduction of permanent armies and for the organization and encouragement of peace conferences.In his will Nobel wrote that it was his firm wish that in choosing the prize winner no consideration should be given to the nationality of the candidates, but that the most worthy should receive the prize, whether he be a Scandinavian or not. This will was written in Paris, on November 27, 1895.

V. Прочитайте 4-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What did Nobel write in his will?

1. In his will Nobel wrote that it was his firm wish that in choosing the prize winner no consideration should be given to the nationality of the candidates, but that the most worthy should receive the prize, whether he be a Scandinavian or not.

2.The interest of the fund is to be distributed weekly in the form of prizes.

3.According to Nobel’s will the capital was not to be invested to form a fund.

ВАРИАНТ V

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции.

1. Some people were experimenting with different unusual materials.

2.Personal computers or simply PCs are a common feature of our life.

3.The rubber solution was used for raincoat production.

4.The simplest explanation of this phenomenon is connected with the earth’s magnetic field.

25

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и укажите, являются ли они определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.

1. Lake Baikal, known to be the deepest in the world, is fed by 336 rivers. 2.The advantage of an owner using his money is that the business remains

free of commitments to partners or outside lenders.

3.She showed us a list of the newly published books.

4.The results received were of great importance for further work.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.

1. You should follow all the important scientific researches in your field.

2.The work has to be done in the least possible time.

3.He was allowed to use the mobile equipment.

4.We have to protect the metal surfaces from overheating and damage.

IV. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите 1,2 и 4-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту it is worth mentioning — стоит упомянуть

A. P. KARPINSKY (1847 — 1936)

1. One of the most prominent scientists was Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky, the greatest geologist. An entire epoch is in the history of Russian geology is connected with Karpinsky’s name.

2.During many years he headed the Russian Geological Commitee, the stuff of which was mainly composed of his pupils. Karpinsky was the creator of the new stratigraphy of Russia. This, however, does not exhaust the significance of Karpinsky’s work in the history of geology. He was one of the geologists who embraced the whole of geological science. He was working with equal skill in every branch of it. He investigated the systems and various regions of Russia. He was the first to establish the regularity of movements of the Earth’s crust.

3.Karpinsky’s paleontological studies are of no less importance. His most remarkable works are those concerning the paleozoic ammonoids . From the

26

very beginning of his scientific activities A. Karpinsky was taking an interest in deposits of useful minerals. He forecast the discovery of salt, he advanced the view that petroleum deposits exist in our country. This has been brilliantly confirmed later. A. Karpinsky was particularly interested in the problem of the origin of platinum deposits. He studied some iron deposits. He may be justly called the founder of the practical geology of the Urals. In petrology, besides special studies by which A. P. Karpinsky began his scientific activity it is worth mentioning that he was the first in Russia to intdroduce the microscope in the study of petrografic slides.

4. A. P. Karpinsky was one of the best lecturers at the Mining Institute at that time. He was also one of the greatest Russian scientists who later became the first elected President of the Academy of Sciences. Students were attracted to him not only because he was an outstanding scientist but also because of his charming personality and gentle manner. Every geologist knows Karpinsky’s work An Outline of the Physical and Geographical Conditions in European Russia in Past Geographical Periods.

V. Прочтите 3-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов укажите предложение, содержащее правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What problem was A. P. Karpinsky particularly interested in? 1. A. P. Karpinsky was particularly interested in mine safety.

2.A. P. Karpinsky was particularly interested in mining.

3.A. P. Karpinsky was particularly interested in the problem of the origin of platinum deposits.

Контрольное задание № 3

Чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание №3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видовременных форм Simple, Continuous, Perfect.

2.Синтаксические функции и значения слов that ,it ,one.

3.Функции глаголов to have, to do, to be.

4.Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции а) подлежащего б) именной части сказуемого в) дополнения

27

г) определения д) обстоятельства цели.

5.Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложениях.

Образец выполнения 1 (к упр.1)

A conference on new	Сейчас проводится конференция по
technologies is being held now.	новым технологиям.

is being held - Present Simple Passive Voice от глагола to hold

Образец выполнения 2 (к упр.2)

The problem that has become now Проблема, которая стала самой важthe most important one is the ной, это проблема загрязнения. problem of pollution.

Образец выполнения 3 (к упр.3)

The quality of these metal parts	Качество этих металлических де-
is to be very high.	талей должно быть очень высоким.
Образец выполнения 4 (к упр.4)
They discussed all the advantages	Они обсудили все преимущества
of the plan I suggested.	плана, который я предложил.
Образец выполнения 5 (к упр.5)
Russia was the first in the world	Россия первой в мире запустила
to launch the automatic station	автоматическую станцию на Марс.
to Mars.

ВАРИАНТ I

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.

1. Some aspects of this problem are being considered at the meeting.

28

2.The students of ecological specialization will be taught а large number of biological subjects.

3.More attention is given to rational utilizing of natural resources.

4.All the machines have been tested, and the results have been written down.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. As for the energetic crisis, we consider that it is a part of the whole global crisis.

2.One can believe that the future is only for the solar energy.

3.It is evident that destroying nature we destroy the surroundings of mankind.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите, обращая внимание на раз-

ные значения to be, to have, to do.

1. You have to be quite strong to set up your own business.

2.The treatment and keeping of radioactive wastes do the economic damage to biosphere.

3.We are to create special conditions to obtain this material.

4.The periods of changing for the majority of technologies do not exceed 5 to 7 years.

IV. Перепишите предложения и переведите, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. We know solar cells help to supply power to remote mountain, taiga and arctic areas.

2. The new technique the Russian scientists developed converts sunlight to electric power.

V. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1.То solve the problems of environment protection we must create ecological banks with the state and local authorities and businessmen's support.

2.Experiments help him to discover the properties of new chemical elements.

3.Our idea was to have the state programme on forest complex problems.

4.The Russian scientists were the first to obtain clean energy from silicon.

29