Студенческая

OLD TRADITIONS AT OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE

1. Read the text. Guess the meaning of the words given below:

church	connect	servant
religious	escape

TEXT. Old Traditions at Oxford and Cambridge

Academic dress – cap and gown – is worn by professors and lecturers in Universities and often teachers in schools all over the world , in some cases only at important events, in others on every occasion when professional duties are being done. At Oxford and Cambridge not only the professors and lecturers but also the students wear academic dress on many occasions. This is an example of how tradition continues, for academic dress has its origin in the Middle Ages. The student must wear his academic dress at lectures and when he goes to visit his tutor; but he is also obliged to wear it at other times. For instance, although only some of the students can live in college nowadays, all of them must dine in college a certain number of times every week. All must wear academic dress on these occasions. Every college has its chapel, for, when the colleges were founded, education and the church were closely connected, and religious services are still held daily in the chapels. Until only seventy years or so ago all students at Oxford and Cambridge had to belong to the Church of England, and so it was only to be expected that everybody had to go to the services in chapel. Here again, academic dress had to be worn, and, as a matter of fact, still must be worn. Academic dress must be worn in the town streets after dark, and here, where the student is not in his college, he comes under the discipline of the University. This is a special official known as the ―Proctor‖, whose duty is to see that this rule is obeyed.

Wearing his academic dress he walks about the chief streets of the town, accompanied by two college servants who are known as his ―bulldogs‖.

They have to be able to run fast; for if a student is seen without his cap and gown the ―bulldogs‖ are told to catch him. If he sees them running after him, he naturally runs away, and if he can run fast enough he will escape.

Usually the ―bulldogs‖ can run fast enough to catch the student. They take him to the Proctor who asks, ―Your name and college, sir?‖ The student

has to visit the Proctor later, who orders him to pay a five or six shillings and eight pence.

2.Find in the text English equivalents of the following Russian words:

мантии, церковь, носить, обязанности, форма, подчиняться, принадлежать, условия.

3. Make some sentences using		the given words or phrases.
Follow the word-order of the English sentence.
academic dress	obey	occasions
duties	servant	chapel

4.Make some questions to the text and answer the following questions in pairs.

5.Give the title to each passage of the text to make the plan of it.

6.Tell about traditions at Oxford and Cambridge.

STUDENTS’ UNIONS

1. Read the text. Guess the meaning of the words in bold.

TEXT. Students’ Unions

A students' union, student government, student senate, students' association, guild of students or government of student body is a student organization present in many colleges and universities, and has started appearing in some high schools. In higher education, the student union is often accorded its own building on the campus, dedicated to social and organizational activities of the student body.

Teviot Row House at the University of Edinburgh.

Many students' unions are run by students, independent of the educational facility. The purpose of these organizations is to represent students both within the institution and externally, including on local and national issues. They also provide a variety of services to students. Students can get involved in the union by becoming active in a committee, by attending councils and general meetings, or by becoming an elected officer.

Many students' unions are highly politicized bodies, and often serve as a training ground for aspiring politicians. Students‘ unions generally have similar aims, usually focusing on providing students with facilities, support and services.

Students' unions often officially recognize and allocate an annual budget to other organizations on campus.

A Students' Union building at Oklahoma State University, which doubles as a student activity center.

In Australia, all universities have one or more student organizations. As of July 2006, membership and union fees are voluntary by law.

Australian student unions typically provide such services as eateries, small retail outlets (e.g., newsagencies), student media (e.g., campus

newspapers), advocacy, and support for a variety of social, arts, political, recreational, special interest and sporting clubs and societies.

The National Union of Students of Australia represents most student unions at a national level.

In Canada, membership in a college or university students' union is mandatory across Canada under various provincial statutes. Student elections usually happen around March as the student bodies elect their unions' executives. The current largest undergraduate student union in Canada is the York Federation of Students, at the York University, with around 49,000 members.

Most students' unions are charged by their student body to protect their best interests at the university, municipal, provincial and federal government levels. Often, student unions in Canada are members of either the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations or the Canadian Federation of Students. One exception is the Province of Quebec, which has its own federation (the largest youth group in Quebec), called Quebec Federation of University Students.

In Denmark, every university has a student union. Membership is not mandatory. The student unions are funded by the university and the Ministry of Science on the basis of the percentage of votes received every year at the university election. The student union is autonomous, its internal life organized by its by-laws. The student unions are responsible for all representation of the students and elect the student members of different administrative organs. They usually coordinate and finance the activities of smaller, more specialized student organizations. For the financing of their activities, some student unions exact a membership fee and/or engage in different businesses.

In Germany, the actual form of student representation depends strongly on the federal state. In most states there is a General Students' Committee at every university. It is the executive organ of the parliaments and councils of all faculties.

In Greece, every university department has its corresponding Student Union and all students belonging to the department have the right to register as members. The main objective of a student union is to solve students' problems that can either be related to academic life or have a

general political and social nature. Furthermore, Student Unions organize and support numerous activities such as political debates, demonstrations, university occupations, educational lectures, cultural and artistic events, conferences and so on.

2. Link the words in the left column with their dictionary definitions in the right column. Memorize new words.

1. purpose	a) required by law or rules; compulsory
2. percentage	b) the grounds and buildings of a
	university or college
3. campus	c) distribute (resources or duties) for a
	particular purpose
4. to allocate	d) a school that typically comprises grades
	9 through 12, attended after primary
	school or middle school
5. committee	e) the reason for which something is done
	or created or for which something
	exists
6. membership	f) a group of people appointed for a
	specific function, typically consisting
	of members of a larger group
7. mandatory	g) a rate, number, or amount in each
	hundred
8. high school	h) the fact of being a member of a group

3. Match the words from A with their Russian equivalents from B. Memorize new words.

A) main objective; exception; executive organ; furthermore; related to; political debate; to depend on; autonomous; student body; by law; to happen; engage in business; to elect; eatery; to coordinate; general meeting; students‘ union; voluntary; to protect interests; annual budget; student government; organizational activities; dedicated.

B) основная цель; зависимый; избирать (голосованием); зависеть от; исполнительный орган; политическая дискуссия; согласовывать; кроме того; автономный; предназначенный для (чего-либо); организационная деятельность; заниматься коммерцией; годовой бюджет; студенческий совет; добровольный; защищать интересы; студенты, студенческое сообщество; происходить; исключение; по закону; столовая; студенческий союз; общее собрание.

4. Complete the sentences with the words from the text. See the box.

purpose	union	ground
campus	high schools	membership
life	student

a)Student government has started appearing in some … .

b)Student union is often accorded its own building on the … .

c)The … of these organizations is to represent students both within the institution and externally.

d)Students can get involved in the … by attending councils and general meetings.

e)Students' unions often serve as a training … for aspiring politicians.

f)Australian … unions support for a variety of social, arts, political, recreational, special interest and sporting clubs and societies.

g)In Denmark, some student unions exact a … fee and/or engage in different businesses.

h)In Greece, the main objective of a student union is to solve students' problems that can either be related to academic … .

5. Correct the wrong statements using the text. Give your reasons in 2 or 3 sentences.

a)A students' union, student government is a student organization present in all high schools.

b)Students can get involved in the union by becoming an elected officer.

c)Students' unions usually serve as a training ground for aspiring politicians.

d)Students‘ unions generally have different aims.

e)Many students' unions officially recognize and allocate an annual budget to other organizations on campus.

f)In Australia, all universities have one student organization.

g)In Canada, student elections usually happen around March.

h)All student unions in Canada are members of either the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations or the Canadian Federation of Students.

6. Answer the following questions:

a)What is the main purpose of students‘ unions?

b)What do students‘ unions provide?

c)How many student organizations do Australian universities have?

d)When do student elections happen in Canada?

e)What do students‘ unions coordinate and finance in Denmark?

f)What does the actual form of student representation depend on?

g)What is the main objective of students‘ unions in Greece?

7.Choose some sentences from the text expressing the main idea of it.

8.Give the title to each passage of the text to make the plan of it. Retell the text.

STUDENT UNIONISM IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

1. Read the text. Guess the meaning of the words in bold. TEXT. Student Unionism in the United Kingdom

Glasgow University Union was the last students' union in the UK to begin admitting women

The United Kingdom has a long history of student unionism at a local and national level. The oldest students' union in Britain is St

Andrews, founded in 1864, and the oldest in England is believed to be University College London Union, founded in 1883. Most bodies are termed unions, however there exist a number of guilds and students' associations. Students' associations is a popular term in Scotland. Historically there were separate men's and women's unions.

Most students' unions in the UK are affiliated to the National Union of Students (NUS), although there exist other national representative bodies, such the National Postgraduate Committee, the Coalition of Higher Education Students in Scotland and the Aldwych Group, the association of students' unions of members of the Russell Group.

The world's oldest students' union building is the purpose-built Teviot Row House at the University of Edinburgh, built in 1889. The oldest in England is believed to be the Imperial College Union building in Beit Quad, built between 1910–11 and designed by Sir Aston Webb. The two largest students' union buildings in the United Kingdom were at the University of Bristol and the University of Sheffield Students' Union. As of September 2009 the largest student union in the UK is 'The Forum' at the University of Hertfordshire.

The ultimate purpose of students' unions is to democratically represent the interests of their members. Students who resign their membership may still use Union social facilities provided (often the main or only such facilities available) since they are for the benefit of the students of the institution, not just Union members.

In addition to lobbying, campaigning, debating and carrying out other representative activities, most students' unions facilitate "student activities" (societies, volunteering opportunities, and sport) peer led support (through advice centres, helplines, job shops and more), and social venues to bring their members together. Most unions receive some funding through an annual allocation, also called the block grant, from their educational institution. Many unions supplement this income from commercial sales from their venues, shops, and marketing revenue.

In a British students' union a sabbatical officer is a full-time paid officer elected by the students from their membership. The sabbatical officers are generally trustees of the students' union. Many students' unions also have unpaid officers who continue as students during their term of office. Some of these non-sabbatical officers may sit on the Executive Committee of the Union, or on the Union Council.

In Northern Ireland, students' unions operate in a similar way to those in Great Britain, except that they cannot exclusively be members of NUS.

2. Link the words in the left column with their dictionary definitions in the right column. Memorize new words.

1. ultimate	a) an individual person or member of a
	board given control or powers of
	administration of property
2. union	b) occupying or using the whole of
	someone's available working time,
	typically 40 hours in a week
3. trustee	c) being or happening at the end of a
	process; final
4. full-time	d) money provided, esp. by an
	organization or government, for a
	particular purpose
5. funding	e) the place where something happens
6. venue	f) the action or fact of joining or being
	joined

3. Match a line in A with a line in B.

A	B
1. ultimate purpose	a) существовать
2. students' associations	b) единовременная субсидия
3. block grant	c) присоединяться к
4. purpose-built	d) студенческая ассоциация
5. revenue	e) конечная цель
6. to Affiliate to	f) на благо
7. for the benefit	g) специального назначения
8. to exist	h) доход

4. Complete the sentences with the words from the text. See the box.

purpose-built	term	ultimate
sabbatical	level	membership

a)The United Kingdom has a long history of student unionism at a local and national … .

b)Students' associations is a popular … in Scotland.

c)The world's oldest students' union building is the … Teviot Row House.

d)The … purpose of students' unions is to democratically represent the interests of their members.

e)Students who resign their … may still use Union social facilities

f)The .. officers are generally trustees of the students' union.

5. Match a line in A with a line in B to make a sentence.

1.In Northern Ireland, students' a) the National Union of Students unions cannot exclusively be …

2.The oldest students' union in b) University College London

England is believed to be …	Union
3. The United Kingdom has a long	c) use Union social facilities
history of …	provided
4. There exist other national	d) Sir Aston Webb
representative bodies, such …

5.The oldest students' union in e) the Imperial College Union

England is believed to be …

6.Most students' unions in the UK f) student unionism

are affiliated to …

7.	The Imperial College	Union	g) the Aldwych Group
building in Beit Quad was
designed by …
8.	Students who resign	their	h) the students from their
membership may still …			membership
9.	A full-time paid officer elected		i) members of NUS
by …