17. Эмфатические Конструкции

“It is/was … Which/That/Who/When”, “Do”, “Does”, “Did”.

Models:

1. It is education that economists regard as the best investment in the

future.

Именно (лишь) образование рассматривается экономистами как

наилучший вклад в будущее.

2. Freedom cannot be absolute, as we do live in an independent

society.

Свобода не может быть абсолютной, так как мы действительно

(все-таки) живем во взаимозависимом обществе.

1. It is seats which are important in Parliament, not votes, and it is easy to see why smaller parties would like a system of proportional representation.

2. The Prime Minister is usually leader of the majority party as well as head of Government and it is he who appoints other members of his team.

3. It was not until 1989 when Belgium outlawed corporate political donations.

4. The vast majority of claims in tort are settled without actual resort to the courts and it is only where a settlement proves impossible that proceedings have to be started.

5. If the defendant wishes he can make a counterclaim, alleging that it is he who is the injured party and that it is the plaintiff who has broken a contract or committed a tort.

6. The work of English Magistrates Courts is largely criminal, but they do have a limited civil jurisdiction.

7. In criminal cases the prosecution must prove that the accused did commit the offence: it is not for him to prove that he did not.

8. The WTO cannot claim to make all countries equal, but it does reduce some inequalities, giving smaller countries more voice.

9. Most countries do feel that it’s better to be in the WTO system than outside it.

10. It is not the comfort of big city lights but the economic position of the Russian regions that account for the imbalance between Moscow and the regions in terms of foreign investments.

18. Придаточные Предложения, Вводимые Союзами “Provided”, “Unless”.

Provided – при условии, что; в том случае, если

Unless – если не

1. Large meetings can be productive as brainstorming sessions for ideas, provided participants can speak freely.

2. Ground can be gained in the solution to this problem, provided there is mutual desire.

3. The task of improving the living standards is quite feasible, provided all national efforts are concentrated on economic development.

4. Individuals and groups of people, who run business as a partnership, have unlimited liability for debts, unless they form a limited company.

5. Death or bankruptcy of any partner automatically dissolves the entire partnership, unless otherwise provided.

6. One of the remedies the unpaid seller can have against the buyer is an action for the contract price, provided the property in the goods has passed to the buyer.

7. Under British land laws the landholder owns the land throughout his life, unless he sells or gives it to someone else.

8. The magistrate may agree to conditional bail, that is release the suspect, provided he puts up some money as security.

9. English Courts are bound by the decisions of previous courts, unless it can be shown that the facts differ from previous cases.

10. Under the WTO system rulings are automatically adopted unless there is a consensus to reject a ruling – any country wanting to block a ruling has to persuade all other WTO members to share its view.