31.Обзорное Упражнение I (1-4)

1.One way for a company to protect its market share is to try to find ways

to increase the size of the entire market.

2.Business and economics students should have some ideas of what the

economy is expected to do in the future, and if interest rates are likely

to rise or to fall.

3.Without laws, it is argued, there would be anarchy in society, although

anarchists themselves suggest that human beings would be able to

interact peacefully if there were no governments to interfere in their

lives.

4.It is an axiom of politics that the Supreme Court follows the election

returns, although it is supposed to be above the battles.

5.States election laws make it difficult or virtually impossible for

minority parties to qualify for a place on the ballot.

6.All US states must respect federal laws and not make laws that interfere

with those of the other states.

7.The bills approved by the upper house of parliament are believed to

bring billions of dollars in foreign investment to the country’s oil

sector.

8.A patent makes it illegal for others to manufacture or use the invention

without permission.

9.Although judges in one common law country cannot directly support

their decisions by cases from another, it is permissible for a judge to

note such evidence.

10.The county court judges may hear matters such as contract and tort

disputes, actions regarding claims to land and those regarding the

property of a dead person.

32. Обзорное Упражнение II (5-8).

1. The appeal system is mostly for the benefit of the defendant, but there are cases of the prosecution successfully appealing for a more severe punishment.

2. *There’s a great peril for a campaign manager – other than being ignored by the candidate, and that is forgetting whose campaign it really is.

3. Industrial espionage is spying on competitors’ developments with concealed cameras and microphones, bribing their employees, etc – rather than doing your own expensive R and D.

4. At first sight British practice seems to violate the principle of the judicial and executive power, as the head of the judiciary, the Lord Chanceller, is a member of the Cabinet and presides over the House of Lords.

5. The functional organization of a company implies separating functions, which is unlikely to encourage innovation.

6. *The company’s bond issue is called a debenture because the bonds are backed by the general credit of the corporation rather than by the company’s assets.

7. Before practicing on his own account, it is compulsory for a barrister to undergo a period of pupilage by working in Chambers.

8. In the USA the president remains president, even though his party may not have a majority in either house of Congress, which is a major difference between the American system and those where the nation’s leader represents the majority party.

9. At the trial both parties are usually represented by a counsel and, since the burden of proving the case generally rests upon the plaintiff, the counsel for the plaintiff begins.

10. The state regulates the behaviour of individuals providing rules and procedures for them to solve disputes between each other.