- •Министерство образования рф
- •Методическое пособие по грамматике английского языка
- •1. Артикли (Articles).
- •2. Множественное число существительных (Plural Number of Nouns).
- •3. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречии (Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Nouns).
- •4. Числительные (Numerals).
- •5. Местоимения (Pronouns).
- •6. Простые времена (Simple Tenses).
- •7. Продолженные времена (Continuous Tenses).
- •8. Совершенные времена (Perfect Tenses).
- •9. Совершенные продолженные времена (Perfect Continuous Tenses).
- •10. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice).
- •11. Последовательность времен (Sequence of Tenses).
- •12. Условные предложения (Conditionals).
- •13. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs).
- •14. Инфинитив (Infinitive).
- •15. Причастия (Participles).
- •16. Герундий (Gerund).
- •17. Предлоги (Prepositions).
- •18. Порядок слов в предложении (Word Order).
- •Краткий грамматический справочник.
- •1. Артикли (Articles).
- •Неопределённый артикль a /an.
- •Определённый артикль the.
- •Нулевой артикль.
- •2. Множественное число существительных (Plural Number of Nouns).
- •Правила прибавления суффикса –s/-es.
- •Множественное число составных имен существительных.
- •Исключения:
- •Имена существительные, употребляемые только в единственном числе:
- •Имена существительные, употребляемые только во множественном числе:
- •3. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий (Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs).
- •Правила прибавления суффиксов –er, -est.
- •Исключения:
- •4. Числительные (Numerals).
- •5. Местоимения (Pronouns).
- •Сводная таблица местоимений.
- •6. Простые времена (Simple Tenses).
- •7. Продолженные времена (Continuous Tenses).
- •Употребление.
- •8. Совершенные времена (Perfect Tenses).
- •Употребление.
- •9. Совершенные продолженные времена (Perfect Continuous Tenses).
- •Сводная таблица времен. Времена (Tenses) Действительный залог (Active Voice)
- •Употребление времен (Usage of Tenses)
- •10. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice).
- •Сводная таблица времен в страдательном залоге Времена (Tenses) Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)
- •11. Последовательность времен (Sequence of Tenses).
- •12. Условные придаточные предложения (Conditionals).
- •1. Первый тип условных предложений.
- •2. Второй тип условных предложений.
- •3. Третий тип условных предложений.
- •4. Условные предложения «смешанного типа».
- •13. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs).
- •Отличительные признаки модальных глаголов:
- •Can (could)- мочь to be able to (заменитель) Значение:
- •May (might)- мочь (to be allowed to, to be permitted to- заменители)
- •Must- должен, обязан (to be to, to have to- заменители)
- •Need- нужно, надо
- •Should- следует, должен
- •Ought to- следует, должен
- •Dare- сметь, отваживаться
- •14. Инфинитив (Infinitive).
- •Функции инфинитива в предложении.
- •Инфинитивные обороты. Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject).
- •Сложное дополнение (Complex Object).
- •Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for (For-to-Infinitive Construction)
- •15. Причастия (Participles).
- •Функции причастия в предложении:
- •Независимый причастный оборот (The Absolute Participial Construction).
- •Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject).
- •Сложное Дополнение (Complex Object).
- •16. Герундий (Gerund).
- •Функции герундия в предложении.
- •Герундиальный оборот (Gerundial Construction).
- •17. Предлоги (Prepositions).
- •18. Порядок слов в предложении (Word Order).
- •Расположение дополнений в предложении:
- •Расположение обстоятельств в предложении:
- •Расположение определений в предложении:
- •Разделительные вопросы (Disjunctive Questions).
7. Продолженные времена (Continuous Tenses).
Exercise 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.I am eating my breakfast. 2. We were drinking water. 3. He is bringing them some meat and vegetables. 4. You are putting the dishes on the table. 5. They will be having tea at 5 o’clock. 6. She is taking the dirty plates from the table. 7. The children are putting on their coats. 8. The pupils are writing a dictation now. 9. My friend was helping me to solve a difficult problem. 10. I am learning a poem. 11. She is telling them an interesting story. 12. Kate will be sweeping the floor. 13. The waiter is putting a bottle of lemonade in front of him. 14. Susan was making a new dress for her birthday party. 15. She is opening a box of chocolates.
Exercise 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст, проанализируйте употребление времен.
An Embarrassing Incident
One day last summer I was walking through the local park. It was a hot day and I was eating an ice cream. As I was walking past the boating lake, I saw my friends, Carol and Jim. They were taking their dog for a walk. When we met, we stopped for a chat. While we were talking, the dog suddenly jumped up and tried to get my ice cream. I pulled my hand away and unfortunately the ice-cream came out of the cone. Now there was a bald man behind me. The poor man wasn't doing any harm. He was just sitting on a bench and reading a newspaper. Well, when I pulled my hand away, the ice cream flew through the air and it landed on the man's head. I didn't know whether to laugh or to cry. When I looked at my friends, they weren't just laughing, they were in hysterics. But I was terribly embarrassed.
Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. I (to read) books in the evening. 2. I (not to read) books in the morning. 3. I (to write) an exercise now. 4. I (not to write) a letter now. 5. They (to play) in the yard now. 6. They (not to play) in the street now. 7. They (to play) in the room now? 8. He (to help) his mother every day. 9. He (to help) his mother every day? 10. He (not to help) his mother every day. 11. You (to go) to school on Sunday? 12. My friend (not to like) to play football. 13. I (not to read) now. 14. He (to sleep) now? 15. We (not to go) to the country in winter. 16. My sister (to eat) sweets every day. 17. She (not to eat) sweets now. 18. They (to do) their homework in the afternoon. 19. They (not to go) for a walk in the evening. 20. My father (not to work) on Sunday. 21. He (to work) every day.
Exercise 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.
The sun (to go) down behind the hills when I (to reach) a village which (to be) only a few miles from the sea. The working day (to be) over, and the villagers (to come) home from the fields. Along the road two boys (to drive) cows and sheep in the direction of the village. I (to approach) a group of people standing near the road and (to ask) them if I could find a place in the village to spend the night. An old man (to say) he would help me. He (to take) me to his small cottage at the far end of the street. A fire (to burn) in the stove when we (to enter) the house. One girl of about eighteen (to prepare) supper in the kitchen while two other girls still (to do) something in the kitchen garden near the house. The old man (to invite) me to have supper with them. They all (to seem) to be nice people and we (to have) a friendly talk. After supper my 'new friends and I (to go) out into the garden. The moon (to shine) high in the sky, and the night (to be) warm and beautiful. That evening (to be) very pleasant, and I shall remember it a long time.
Exercise 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous.
1. Nina (to celebrate) her birthday yesterday. Her room looked beautiful, there (to be) many flowers in it. When I (to come) in, somebody (to play) the piano. 2. Listen! Somebody (to play) the piano. 3. I (to like) music very much. 4. When I (to look) out of the window, it (to rain) heavily and people (to hurry) along the streets. 5. What you (to do) at seven o'clock yesterday? - - I (to have) supper. 6. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that all my family (to sit) round the table. Father (to read) a letter from my uncle who (to live) in Kiev. 7. Where you (to be) yesterday? — I (to be) at home the whole day. — How strange. I (to ring) you up at two o'clock, but nobody (to answer). — Oh, I (to be) in the garden. I (to read) your book and (not to hear) the telephone. 8. What you (to do) at five o'clock yesterday? — I (to work) in the library. — I (to be) there, too, but I (not to see) you. 9. Yesterday I (to work) at my English from five till seven. 10. It (to rain) the whole day yesterday. 11. Where your sister (to be) now? — She (to be) in her room. She (to do) her homework.