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63. Explain the basic principles of the Constitution in the usa.

The Six Basic Principles of the U.S. Constitution

1. Popular Sovereignty: The People are the legitimate and final source of Government Authority

2. Limited Government: Government may ONLY do what the people have directed it to do

3.Separation of Powers: The division of government power among three equal branches

  • Legislative-makes law

  • Executive-enforces law

  • Judicial-interprets law

4. Checks and Balances: Each Branch limits the powers of the other two Branches

  • Executive-veto law of Legislature... Appointment power of Judicial (appoints Federal Judges).

  • Legislative-impeachment power of the Executive AND Judicial branches.

  • Judicial-Judicial Review of Executive AND Legislative branches (decides constitutionality of the actions of the Executive and Legislative branches).

5. Judicial Review: The Court’s Power to determine the constitutionality of governmental action.

6. Federalism: The division of government power between National and state governments.

64. Give short information about the Congress: the Senate and the House of Representatives.

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington, D.C. Both representatives and senators are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Members are affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party, and only rarely to a third-party or as independents. Congress has 535 voting members: 435 Representatives and 100 Senators.

The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a "district". Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results, provided that each state has at least one congressional representative. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators. Currently, there are 100 senators representing the 50 states. Each senator serves a six-year term, with terms staggered, so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election.

65.Give short information about the President and his cabinet.

The President of the United States of America (POTUS) is the head of stateandhead of governmentof theUnited States. The president leads theexecutive branchof thefederal governmentand is thecommander-in-chiefof theUnited States Armed Forces. The person in this position is the leader of the country which has thelargest economyand thelargest military, with command authority over thelargest active nuclear arsenal. The president is frequently described as the most powerful person in the world.

Article II of the U.S. Constitutionvests the executive power of the United States in the president and charges him with the execution of federal law, alongside the responsibility of appointing federal executive, diplomatic, regulatory, and judicial officers, and concluding treaties with foreign powers with theadvice and consentof theSenate.

The president is indirectly electedby the people through theElectoral Collegeto a four-year term, and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers, the other being theVice President of the United States.

The Cabinet of the United States is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branchof thefederal government of the United States, who are generally the heads of thefederal executive departments. The existence of the Cabinet dates back to the firstPresident of the United States,George Washington, who appointed a Cabinet of four persons:Secretary of StateThomas Jefferson;Secretary of the TreasuryAlexander Hamilton;Secretary of WarHenry Knox; andAttorney GeneralEdmund Randolphto advise him and to assist him in carrying out his duties.

All Cabinet members are nominated by the President and then presented to the Senateforconfirmation or rejectionby asimple majority. If they are approved, they aresworn inand then begin their duties. Aside from the Attorney General, and thePostmaster Generalwhen it was a Cabinet office, they all receive the title of Secretary. Members of the Cabinet serve at the pleasure of the President, which means that the President may dismiss them or reappoint them (to other posts) at will.