Модальні дієслова

Модальне дієслово	Еквіваленти модальних дієслів	Present	Past	Future
Can- могти (фізична можливість, розумова спроможність)	To be able (to)- могти	Can am is able (to) are I can read. I am able to read.	Could Was able (to) Were I could read I was able to read.	shall be able (to) will be able (to) I shall be able to read.
May-могти (допустимість вчинення дії : дозвіл або відмова)	to be allowed (to)- мати дозвіл	May am is allowed to are He may take it. He is allowed to take it .	Might was allowed were (to) He might take it. He was allowed to take it .	shall be allowed (to) will be allowed (to) He will be allowed to take it .
Must - повинен	to have (to) - бути змушеним в силу обставин to be (to) – бути зобов'язаним у силу плану або домовленості	Must have (to) has(to) am is (to) are He must meet him . He has to meet him. He is to meet him.	had (to) was were (to) He had (was) to meet him .	shall have(to) will He will (have) to meet him.

Should

Must

To have (to) зобов’язання

To be (to)

Ought (to )

To be obliged (to)

Can

To be able (to) фізична ,розумова спроможність

To be unable (to)

May

To be allowed (to) дозвіл

To be permitted (to)

Need необхідність

Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences:

1. She wasn’t able to answer. 2. I must do it now. 3. You need not trouble about that at all. 4. Whatever I know, you shall know. 5. We are to meet at the theatre. 6. But he had to wait a quarter of an hour. 7. I had to sell most of my things. 8. She may know about it. 9. I couldn’t solve this book. 10. You ought to go to the movies more. 11. You ought to help him. 12. He may come tomorrow. 13. You might find him in between eleven and twelve. 14. She doesn’t have to learn the poem by heart. 15. You may go –with whom you want. 16. The medicine is to be kept in a cool dark place. 17. You did not have to think about it. 18. You shouldn’t do it. 19. You oughtn’t to be working for those people. 20. We were allowed to use dictionaries. 21. Could I take your pen? 22. He asked the doctor if he might use his telephone. 23. She was able to paint this picture without my help. 24. You need a long rest.

Поєднання модального дієслова з пасивним інфінітивом

Must + Infinitive Passive Should (be + V3)	потрібно, необхідно	The letter must be posted at once. Лист необхідно відправити негайно.
Can + Infinitive Passive May	можна	She may be accepeted to the University. Її можуть прийняти до університету.
Cannot + Infinitive Passive Can’t	не можна	The exam can’t be retaken. Екзамен не можна перездавати.

Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences:

1. This exam may be taken in advance. 2. This work can be done at once. 3. The telegram may be received in an hour. 4. Those articles must be translated into French. 5. The sellers demanded that payment should be made within five days. 6. She suggested that the case should be postponed. 7. This landscape can be painted tomorrow. 8. The letter can be answered today. 9. You may be asked the same questions. 10. You cannot be heard by anybody because you speak in a low voice. 11. Books taken from the library mustn’t be kept more than two weeks.